Orthotics

Question 1

Precautions Orthoses

Answer 1

1. no ankle clonus
2. no LE swelling
3. no poorly healing skin breakdown

Question 2

contraindications orthoses

Answer 2

1. adequate ROM in joints that will be braced
2. sensory impairments ( proprioception)
3. cognitive, comm and/or perceptual issue

Question 3

Stirrup/Double Upright AFO
indications

Answer 3

1. concerns for skin breakdown
2. chronic edema

Question 4

solid AFO

Answer 4

1. LE weakness
2. hypotonia ( PF spasticity)
   Good for M/L stability at ankle
   limited mobility – recommended mostly for non-ambulatory patients

Question 5

Pre hinged AFO

Answer 5

1. significant weakness but anticipate motor return
   transition to hinged AFO

Question 6

Hinged AFO

Answer 6

1. active DF and PF ( >3/5)
2. adequate knee control ( 3+ / 5)
   ** good for reciprocal gait pattern
   + = adjustable ankle control and M/L stability

Question 7

Ground Reactive AFO

Answer 7

For those with
1. Drop Foot
2. Knee buckling in stance
3. M/L instability
Creates knee extension movement to prevent buckling
Aids in foot clearance

Question 8

PLS AFO

Answer 8

For those with
1. no knee buckling
2. Drop foot
3. little to no M/L instability

Question 9

True or False - AFO does not hinder motor activation

Answer 9

True

Question 10

NMES mediated tasks must be — controlled and —- —– ( what neuroplasticity principle)

Answer 10

volitionally controlled and functionally relevant ( salient)

Question 11

AFO used early in treatment will lead to what 2 outcomes

Answer 11

faster progression towards goals and enhanced participation

Question 12

AFOs in DF may lead to greater effects on gait speed- True or False

Answer 12

FALSE
PF

Question 13

There is no evidence that FES or AFO can improve PF spasticity

Answer 13

True

Question 14

NMES indications

Answer 14

UMN injuries only so not for a Brachial plexus / peripheral nerve injury
LE: strengthening
UE: pain + subluxation

Question 15

NMES precautions

Answer 15

impaired or absent sensory to area

Question 16

NMES contraindications

Answer 16

pacemakers , metal implants
open wounds
fractures
cancer

Question 17

FES Bioness L300 indication

Answer 17

stimulates muscles ( Tib ant.) and Quads and hamstrings
foot drop and poor foot clearance

Question 18

FES Bioness L300+ indication

Answer 18

knee instability and poor foot clearance