Orthosis

Question 1

Orthopedic appliance used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities of a body part or to improve the function of movable parts of the body

Answer 1

Orthosis

Question 2

Who can formulate a prescription for an orthosis?

Answer 2

Physician, PT, or OT

Question 3

What are factors to consider in orthosis?

Answer 3

1. Fit
2. Function
3. Cosmetic

Question 4

What type of orthotic is typically covered by insurance companies?

Answer 4

Custom; non-custom generally are not (DME)

Question 5

What are the five main things an orthosis can do?

Answer 5

1. Resist motion
2. Assist motion
3. Transfer forces
4. Protect body part(s)
5. Pain control

Question 6

What are the types of lower-limb orthoses?

Answer 6

1. Foot orthosis
2. AFO
3. KAFO
4. HKAFO
5. TKAFO

Question 7

What are the positive indicators that a pt will adhere to orthotic prescription?

Answer 7

1. Comfort (max area of contact, snug fit, adequate leverage)
2. Ease of use (don off and on)
3. Application of function
4. Cosmetics

Question 8

What are the types of trunk and cervical orthoses?

Answer 8

1. LSO
2. TLSO
3. CO

Question 9

What are the types of upper-limb orthoses?

Answer 9

1. SO
2. EO
3. WHO

Question 10

What are the different aspects thoracolumbosacral orthotics (TLSO)?

Answer 10

1. Corset
2. Flexion/extension control
3. Flexion/ extension lateral control
4. Flexion control
5. Flexion/extension lateral, rotary control

Question 11

What is part of the upper part of the shoe?

Answer 11

Everything above the sole; covers the dorsal foot and encases the heel

Question 12

Why does the height of the shoe matter?

Answer 12

1. High arches

2. Ankle support

Question 13

What is the type of SI orthotic?

Answer 13

Corset/belts

Question 14

What is the throat of the shoe? why does this matter?

Answer 14

How far the tongue of the shoe goes back; fitting a shoe orthotic

Question 15

What is the importance of height and width of toe boxes?

Answer 15

1. Wide toe boxes are more comfortable for people with bunions, RA, flattens arch
2. height helps with hammer toes, high arch

Question 16

What are the componenets of the sole?

Answer 16

1. insole (removable)
2. midsole (support material)
3. outsole (tread)

Question 17

What is important about the height of the heel?

Answer 17

Usually puts person in a plantar flexed position; the heel height affects up to your knee and above

Question 18

What are aspects of lumbosacral orthoses?

Answer 18

1. Corset
2. Flexion/extension control
3. lateral control
4. Extension lateral control

Question 19

What are the different inserts for internal modifications for foot orthoses?

Answer 19

1. Heel fusion
2. ¾ length insert (custom is as good as non-custom for submalleolar problems)
3. Full length insert
4. metatarsal pad

Question 20

What are indications fro trunk and cervical orthoses?

Answer 20

1. reduce pain
2. prevent/minimize deformity
3. resist motion
4. protect body part

Question 21

What are external modifications for foot orthoses?

Answer 21

1. Heel wedge
2. Rocker bar ( decreases need for DF ROM and PF strength)
3. Metatarsal bar (transfers load from met head to met shaft

Question 22

What conditions would you use foot orthoses for?

Answer 22

1. Excessive heel pressure
2. excessive hindfoot virus
3. plantar fascitis
4. flexible hyperpronation
5. excessive pressure on metatarsals
6. bunions

Question 23

What is the relationship between the mid foot pronation and the development of bunions?

Answer 23

Weight on the arch shifts the first ray into pronation (medial deviation), and great toe compensates (lateral deviation)

Question 24

What are indications for AFO?

Answer 24

1. Ankle weakness
2. Ankle joint protection
3. LE spasticity
4. Ankle joint restriction
5. Decreased balance
6. Ankle/food deformity

Question 25

What are the non custom types of AFOs?

Answer 25

1. fabric 2. leather 3. gel 4. air

Question 26

What are custom types of AFOs?

Answer 26

1. Posterior leaf spring (cut out back into thin strip, allows for some PF) 2. Solid ankle (no ankle motion, purpose is to stop plantar flexion, 90% custom) 3. Hinged ankle (no PF, allows DF which can be restricted)

Question 27

What is the difference between an AFO and a DAFO?

Answer 27

In a DAFO, there is a wrap-around forefoot and the plastic is much more flexible, allows dorsiflexion (not PF) (pediatrics)

Question 28

What AFO plantarflex resist while dorsiflex assist? how much strength to they need to have in DF and PF?

Answer 28

Posterior Leaf Spring; in order for a person to use this, they have to have at least a grade 2 strength ind DF and PF

Question 29

What are contracture reducing AFOs used for (PRAFO?

Answer 29

Sets its in a neutral ankle, meant for just positioning at rest

Question 30

What would you use for plantar flexion control during swing?

Answer 30

1. Solid ankle AFO 2. Hinged ankle AFO 3. Posterior leave spring AFO 4. Floor reaction AFO 5. DAFO

Question 31

What would you use for dorsiflexion control during stance?

Answer 31

1. Floor reaction AFO 2. Hinged ankle AFO with DF stop 3. DAFO with tibial strap

Question 32

What would you use for mediolateral control during stance and swing?

Answer 32

1. Solid ankle AFO 2. Hinged ankle AFO 3. DAFO

Question 33

What are the aspects of the KAFO?

Answer 33

1. Upright 2. knee joints (lock or unlock) 3. Knee locks 4. Frontal plane control 5. drawback = big and bulky

Question 34

What are indications for KAFO?

Answer 34

1. Paralyzed or weak m's 2. Fractures 3. Soft tissue laxity

Question 35

What are the indications for KO?

Answer 35

1. Weak muscles 2. Ligamentous laxity 3. Post op management (NOT to prevent injury)

Question 36

Why would you use a custom orthotic over non custom?

Answer 36

Custom is generally for a long term problem

Question 37

What are indications for HKAFOs?

Answer 37

1. Severe m. weakness | 2. LE orthopedic deformity

Question 38

What are indications for HOs?

Answer 38

1. Congenital hip dislocation 2. Hip pathology 3. Orthopedic surgury