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Essential Skills I > Orthosis > Flashcards

Orthosis Flashcards

1
Q

Orthopedic appliance used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities of a body part or to improve the function of movable parts of the body

A

Orthosis

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2
Q

Who can formulate a prescription for an orthosis?

A

Physician, PT, or OT

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3
Q

What are factors to consider in orthosis?

A
  1. Fit
  2. Function
  3. Cosmetic
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4
Q

What type of orthotic is typically covered by insurance companies?

A

Custom; non-custom generally are not (DME)

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5
Q

What are the five main things an orthosis can do?

A
  1. Resist motion
  2. Assist motion
  3. Transfer forces
  4. Protect body part(s)
  5. Pain control
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6
Q

What are the types of lower-limb orthoses?

A
  1. Foot orthosis
  2. AFO
  3. KAFO
  4. HKAFO
  5. TKAFO
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7
Q

What are the positive indicators that a pt will adhere to orthotic prescription?

A
  1. Comfort (max area of contact, snug fit, adequate leverage)
  2. Ease of use (don off and on)
  3. Application of function
  4. Cosmetics
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8
Q

What are the types of trunk and cervical orthoses?

A
  1. LSO
  2. TLSO
  3. CO
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9
Q

What are the types of upper-limb orthoses?

A
  1. SO
  2. EO
  3. WHO
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10
Q

What are the different aspects thoracolumbosacral orthotics (TLSO)?

A
  1. Corset
  2. Flexion/extension control
  3. Flexion/ extension lateral control
  4. Flexion control
  5. Flexion/extension lateral, rotary control
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11
Q

What is part of the upper part of the shoe?

A

Everything above the sole; covers the dorsal foot and encases the heel

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12
Q

Why does the height of the shoe matter?

A
  1. High arches

2. Ankle support

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13
Q

What is the type of SI orthotic?

A

Corset/belts

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14
Q

What is the throat of the shoe? why does this matter?

A

How far the tongue of the shoe goes back; fitting a shoe orthotic

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15
Q

What is the importance of height and width of toe boxes?

A
  1. Wide toe boxes are more comfortable for people with bunions, RA, flattens arch
  2. height helps with hammer toes, high arch
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16
Q

What are the componenets of the sole?

A
  1. insole (removable)
  2. midsole (support material)
  3. outsole (tread)
17
Q

What is important about the height of the heel?

A

Usually puts person in a plantar flexed position; the heel height affects up to your knee and above

18
Q

What are aspects of lumbosacral orthoses?

A
  1. Corset
  2. Flexion/extension control
  3. lateral control
  4. Extension lateral control
19
Q

What are the different inserts for internal modifications for foot orthoses?

A
  1. Heel fusion
  2. ¾ length insert (custom is as good as non-custom for submalleolar problems)
  3. Full length insert
  4. metatarsal pad
20
Q

What are indications fro trunk and cervical orthoses?

A
  1. reduce pain
  2. prevent/minimize deformity
  3. resist motion
  4. protect body part
21
Q

What are external modifications for foot orthoses?

A
  1. Heel wedge
  2. Rocker bar ( decreases need for DF ROM and PF strength)
  3. Metatarsal bar (transfers load from met head to met shaft
22
Q

What conditions would you use foot orthoses for?

A
  1. Excessive heel pressure
  2. excessive hindfoot virus
  3. plantar fascitis
  4. flexible hyperpronation
  5. excessive pressure on metatarsals
  6. bunions
23
Q

What is the relationship between the mid foot pronation and the development of bunions?

A

Weight on the arch shifts the first ray into pronation (medial deviation), and great toe compensates (lateral deviation)

24
Q

What are indications for AFO?

A
  1. Ankle weakness
  2. Ankle joint protection
  3. LE spasticity
  4. Ankle joint restriction
  5. Decreased balance
  6. Ankle/food deformity
25
Q

What are the non custom types of AFOs?

A
  1. fabric
  2. leather
  3. gel
  4. air
26
Q

What are custom types of AFOs?

A
  1. Posterior leaf spring (cut out back into thin strip, allows for some PF)
  2. Solid ankle (no ankle motion, purpose is to stop plantar flexion, 90% custom)
  3. Hinged ankle (no PF, allows DF which can be restricted)
27
Q

What is the difference between an AFO and a DAFO?

A

In a DAFO, there is a wrap-around forefoot and the plastic is much more flexible, allows dorsiflexion (not PF) (pediatrics)

28
Q

What AFO plantarflex resist while dorsiflex assist? how much strength to they need to have in DF and PF?

A

Posterior Leaf Spring; in order for a person to use this, they have to have at least a grade 2 strength ind DF and PF

29
Q

What are contracture reducing AFOs used for (PRAFO?

A

Sets its in a neutral ankle, meant for just positioning at rest

30
Q

What would you use for plantar flexion control during swing?

A
  1. Solid ankle AFO
  2. Hinged ankle AFO
  3. Posterior leave spring AFO
  4. Floor reaction AFO
  5. DAFO
31
Q

What would you use for dorsiflexion control during stance?

A
  1. Floor reaction AFO
  2. Hinged ankle AFO with DF stop
  3. DAFO with tibial strap
32
Q

What would you use for mediolateral control during stance and swing?

A
  1. Solid ankle AFO
  2. Hinged ankle AFO
  3. DAFO
33
Q

What are the aspects of the KAFO?

A
  1. Upright
  2. knee joints (lock or unlock)
  3. Knee locks
  4. Frontal plane control
  5. drawback = big and bulky
34
Q

What are indications for KAFO?

A
  1. Paralyzed or weak m’s
  2. Fractures
  3. Soft tissue laxity
35
Q

What are the indications for KO?

A
  1. Weak muscles
  2. Ligamentous laxity
  3. Post op management
    (NOT to prevent injury)
36
Q

Why would you use a custom orthotic over non custom?

A

Custom is generally for a long term problem

37
Q

What are indications for HKAFOs?

A
  1. Severe m. weakness

2. LE orthopedic deformity

38
Q

What are indications for HOs?

A
  1. Congenital hip dislocation
  2. Hip pathology
  3. Orthopedic surgury

Essential Skills I (5 decks)

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