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Essential Skills I > Infection Control and Wound Care > Flashcards

Infection Control and Wound Care Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors for community acquired infections?

A
  1. Young age
  2. Contact sports
  3. Sharing towels or athletic gear
  4. Weakened immune system
  5. Crowded or unsanitary conditions
  6. Healthcare workers
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2
Q

What are the risk factors for hospital acquired infections?

A
  1. Current or recent hospitalization
  2. LTC facilities
  3. Invasive devices or procedures
  4. Recent antibiotic use
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3
Q

What are the most frequently missed spots of the hand in hand washing?

A

Back of the thumb, in between the fingers, tips of fingers

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4
Q

What is the most important factor for preventing the spread of infection?

A

hand washing

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5
Q

About how long should it take to wash your hands?

A

20 sec

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6
Q

What are the 3 ways infection can be transmitted? What is the most common?

A

Contact, Droplet, Airborne; contact

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7
Q

Condition spreads via direct or indirect person-to-person contact; most common cause of hospital acquired infections

A

Contact precautions

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8
Q

What are the standard caution precautions?

A
  1. Pt in private or cohort rooms
  2. Must wear gown and gloves
  3. Limit transport
  4. Patient-care equipment must be disinfected
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9
Q

What are some examples of diseases with contact precautions?

A

MRSA, VRE, C-diff, Hep A, Impetigo, Conjuntivitis

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10
Q

Condition spreads via large respiratory droplets generated by coughing sneezing, talking, etc.; droplets may land on mucous membrane of eyes, nose, or mouth, and may contaminate surfaces

A

Droplet precautions

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11
Q

What are some examples of diseases with droplet precautions?

A

Mumps, rubella, influenza, meningitis, pneumonia, and pertussis

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12
Q

What are the standard droplet precautions?

A
  1. Pt is isolated or with cohort
  2. Must wear gloves and mask (gown and eye protection may be needed)
  3. Hands should be decontaminated after removing gloves
  4. If pt is transported, pt must wear surgical mask
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13
Q

Condition spreads via small respiratory droplets generated by coughing, sneezing, talking, etc.; can remain suspended in the air for long periods of time and travel long distances

A

Airborne precautions

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14
Q

What are some examples of diseases with airborne precautions?

A

Measles, chickenpox, shingles, TB, SARS, smallpox

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15
Q

What are the standard airborne precautions?

A
  1. Pt is in private room with special air handling and ventilation systems (pts can be cohort if private room isn’t available)
  2. Healthcare workers must wear personal fit-tested respirators (N95 most common)
  3. If pt must be transported, pt must wear surgical mask
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16
Q

Diseases spread from person to person as a result of unprotected exposure to blood and other bodily fluids

A

Blood borne pathogens

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17
Q

What are some examples of blood borne pathogens? How can you protect yourself?

A

HIV/AIDS, Hep B, Hep C; standard precautions

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18
Q

What is medical asepsis? surgical asepsis?

A

Medical - universal precautions to limit contamination

Surgical - steps to eliminate contamination

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19
Q

About how big is the epidermis? the dermis?

A

½ mm; 2-4 mm

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20
Q

Outer epithelial layer; protective barrier; avascular; prevents dehydration of underlying tissues

A

Epidermis

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21
Q

Highly vascular; strong and elastic due to collagen and elastin; hair follicles; sebaceous glands; nerve endings; receptors for pain, touch, cold, heat

A

Dermis

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22
Q

What are blisters caused by?

A

Friction between the dermis and epidermis

23
Q

Below the dermis; adipose tissue, connective tissue; provides insulation, support, cushioning; protects underlying tissues

A

Subcutaneous layers

24
Q

What are the 3 wounds that describe depth of tissue involvement?

A
  1. Superficial wounds
  2. Partial-thickness wounds
  3. Full-thickness
25
Q

What skin layer(s) are effected in superficial wounds?

A

Epidermis (1st degree burn)

26
Q

What skin layer(s) are effected in partial-thickness wounds?

A

Epidermis and dermis

-blisters, second-degree burn, category II pressure ulcer, wagner grade 1 ulcer

27
Q

What skin layer(s) are effected in full-thickness wounds?

A

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue (and may extend into deeper tissue layers)

  • 3rd degree burns, 4th degree burns, category III pressure ulcer, wagner grade 2-5 ulcer
28
Q

Phase of wound healing that prepares wound for healing and cleans debris

A

Inflammatory

29
Q

Phase of wound healing that rebuilds the damaged structures and provides strength to the wound; red, beefy, fragile tissue present

A

Proliferative

30
Q

Phase of wound healing that modifies the immature scar to a mature scar

A

Maturation/ remodeling

31
Q

How long does the inflammation stage last? Proliferation? Remodeling?

A

4-6 days; 4-24 days; 21 days-2 years

32
Q

What are the cardinal signs of the inflammatory phase?

A
  1. Swelling
  2. Redness
  3. Warmth
  4. Pain
  5. Decreased function
33
Q

What are the four events that take place in the proliferative phase?

A
  1. Angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels)
  2. Granulation tissue formation (temporary lattice work of connective tissue that fills the void of the wound)
  3. Wound contraction (wound margin pull together)
  4. Epithelialization (cells work way across wound bed)
34
Q

Method of wound closure where edges of the would come together

A

Primary

35
Q

Method of wound closure where edges cannot approximate so skin has to fill in

A

Secondary

36
Q

Method of wound closure where wound is left open and surgically closed later

A

Delayed primary (motorcycle accident)

37
Q

Dead tissue that is dry, dark colored, and hard

A

Eschar

38
Q

Dead tissue that is greenish/yellow in color and moist

A

Slough

39
Q

Tissue around a wound

A

Periwound

40
Q

Dryness to a wound (essentially a scab)

A

Dessication

41
Q

Wound is too wet; usually drainage is causing wetness

A

Maceration

42
Q

Description when wound is larger than it looks; wound is under the edge of opening

A

Undermining

43
Q

Description when there are two openings to a wound, but the wound goes all the way from one opening to another; in abdominal wounds, dressing needs to fill wound so body can close it

A

Tunneling

44
Q

Drainage that is dark yellow in color, more viscous (contains more protein) and normally occurs later on as wound progresses

A

Eudate

45
Q

Drainage that is clear, thin, watery; made up of water salts and maybe a little protein

A

Transudate

46
Q

What are the local factors that effect wound healing?

A

Circulation, sensation, mechanical stress

47
Q

What are systemic factors that effect would healing?

A

Age, inadequate nutrition, comorbidities, medication, behavioral risk taking

48
Q

Wound type that lacks adequate blood supply to the lower extremities

A

Arterial insufficiency

49
Q

Wound type with inadequate return of blood from lower extremities

A

Venous insufficiency

50
Q

Wound characterized by severe pain that increases with elevation; primarily located on distal toes, dorsal of foot, lat. malleolus, ant. leg; pale base, poor granulation, round/regular margins, little or no bleeding, and eschar; cool skin, decreased or absent pedal pulse

A

Arterial insufficiency

51
Q

Wound characterized by mile to moderate pain that decreases with elevation; located medial lower leg, medial malleolus; red wound bed, good granulation, irregular margin, copious drainage; edema, normal to warm skin temp

A

Venous insufficiency

52
Q

Where are pressure ulcers most likely to occur?

A

Bony prominences where you sit or lay

53
Q

Debridement of just dead tissue

A

Selective (sharps, autolytic, enzymatic, biologic)

54
Q

Debridement where there is risk of deriding good tissue as well as bad

A

Nonselective (mechanical, surgical)

Essential Skills I (5 decks)

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