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Skin MS: Week 6 > Orthopedics: Radiology intro > Flashcards

Orthopedics: Radiology intro Flashcards

1
Q

Xrays: Form of ___________ radiation

A

Electromagnetic

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2
Q

Density Principle: Thicker the object —> ________ penentrability

A

less

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3
Q

Components of xray

A

Xray tube, beam and film plate

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4
Q

Shape idea

A

3D –> 2D based on shape and density

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5
Q

Radiopaque vs Radiolucent

A

Radiopaque (i.e. bone) - relative impenetrability to X rays

Radiolucent (i.e. air) - relative penetrability to X rays

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6
Q

An x-ray (or any test) is only as good as the _______________

A

History and Physical

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7
Q

Treat _____, not xrays

A

people

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8
Q

Understand the test you order and its ____________

A

potential outcomes

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9
Q

Understand ________ and ________ of x rays

A

Strengths and weaknesses

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10
Q

Metaphysis vs. Diaphysis

A

Metaphysis - region next to joint

Diaphysis - long part of bone

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11
Q

Epiphysis

Epiphyseal Plate

A

Epiphyseal plate - growth plate

Epiphysis - bone part distal to growth plate

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12
Q

Apophyseal plate

Apophysis

A

Growth plate w/ tension from tendon (i.e. elbow)

Distal area

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13
Q

Reasons to get Xrays

A

Pain - traumatic or nontraumatic

Miscellaneous (congenital, endocrine)

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14
Q

Complete disrupption in the continuity of bone

A

Fracture

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15
Q

Fracture shows up as ________ on Xray

A

radiolucent line

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16
Q

Fractures: Obtain ________ views (ideally in ________ planes) of involved bones

A

AT least 2 views, perpendicular

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17
Q

Obtain X ray of joint _______ and ________ fracture

A

above and below

18
Q

Consider ________ views in children

A

contralateral

19
Q

Look for __________ of fracture

A

indirect signs

20
Q

Indirect signs of a fracture

A
  • Soft-tissue swelling
  • Obliteration or displacement of fat stripes
  • Periosteal and endosteal reaction
  • Buckling of the cortex
  • Double cortical line
21
Q

Which is fracture?

A

One on left - look at thicker soft-tissue (swelling)

22
Q
A

Periosteal reaction - healing

23
Q
A

Buckling of cortex

24
Q
A

Double cortical line

25
Q

Describing X ray of fracture

A

View

Soft tissue abnormalities

Fracture description

26
Q

Fracture description

A

Anatomic location

Type of fracture

Direction of the fracture line

Alignment of the fracture

Special features

Associated abnormalities (i.e. tumor)

27
Q

Simple vs. comminuted

A

Simple - one line

Comminuted - multiple fracture lines

28
Q

Displacement vs Angulation

A

D - movement away from midline

A - angled away from midline (typically in terms of distal fragment)

29
Q

Valgas vs varus

A

Valgus - knock-kneed (Gum between)

Varus - in

30
Q
A

Foreshortened, distracted

31
Q
A

Compacted

32
Q

Directions of fracture line

A

Transverse, oblique, spiral, longitudinal

33
Q

Site and Extent of Fracture

A

Jct middle/distal third

Supracondylar

Intraarticular

34
Q

Fracture Type

A

Buckle (torus)

Greenstick

35
Q

Differential Dx/Classification of Arthritis (not on test… but good to know)

A
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Inflammatory arthritis (RA, SLE, scleroderma, etc.)
  • Seronegative spondyloarthropathies (Reiter’s, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic, reactive arthritides)
  • Crystal deposition arthropathy (Gout, pseudogout)
  • Metabolic / endocrine
  • Infectious
36
Q

Radiographic dx of arthritis is based on:

A

The morphology of an articular lesion

Its distribution in the skeleton

37
Q

_______ most important radiologic imaging modality of arthritis

A

x rays

38
Q

RAdiographic features of arthritis

A

Periarticular osteoporosis, subchondral sclerosis, soft tissue swelling, subchondral erosion, narrowing of joint space, joint effusion, osteophyte formation, subchondral cystlike lesions

39
Q

Xray appearance of osteoarthritis

A
  • Marginal osteophytes
  • Cortical irregularity
  • Subchondral sclerosis
  • Subchondral cysts
  • Joint space narrowing
40
Q

RA appearance on xrays

A
  • Periarticular osteoporosis
  • Joint effusion
  • Joint space narrowing
  • Articular erosions/destruction
  • Synovial cysts
  • Deformities
41
Q
A

Skin MS: Week 6 (12 decks)

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