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Medical Terminology > Orthopedics > Flashcards

Orthopedics Flashcards

1
Q

acetabul/o

A

hip socket

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2
Q

appendicul/o

A

limb; small attached part

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3
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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4
Q

articul/o

A

joint

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5
Q

cancell/o

A

lattice structure

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6
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneus; heel bone

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7
Q

cartilagin/o

A

cartilage

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8
Q

carp/o

A

wrist

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9
Q

cervic/o

A

cervix; neck

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10
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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11
Q

clavicul/o

A

clavicle; collar bone

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12
Q

coccyg/o

A

coccyx; tail bone

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13
Q

diaphys/o

A

shaft of a bone

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14
Q

epiphys/o

A

enlarged area at the end of a long bone

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15
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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16
Q

crani/o

A

cranium; skull

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17
Q

dactyl/o

A

digit; finger; toe

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18
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex; outer region

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20
Q

femor/o

A

femur; thigh bone

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21
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula; lower leg bone

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22
Q

ethm/o

A

sieve

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24
Q

glen/o

A

socket of a joint

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25
Q

humer/o

A

humerus; upper arm bone

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26
Q

front/o

A

front

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27
Q

ligament/o

A

ligament

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28
Q

medull/o

A

inner region; medulla

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29
Q

ili/o

A

hip bone; ilium

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30
Q

ischi/o

A

hip bone; ischium

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31
Q

ossificat/o

A

changing into bone

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32
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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33
Q

hy/o

A

u-shaped structure

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34
Q

lumb/o

A

area between the ribs and pelvis; lower back

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35
Q

lacrim/o

A

tears

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36
Q

mast/o

A

breast; mastoid process

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37
Q

maxill/o

A

maxilla; upper jaw

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38
Q

mandibul/o

A

lower jaw; mandible

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39
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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40
Q

occipt/o

A

back of the head; occiput

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41
Q

patell/o

A

kneecap; patella

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42
Q

osse/o

A

bone

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43
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

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44
Q

perone/o

A

fibula; lower leg bone

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45
Q

palat/o

A

palate

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46
Q

pelv/o

A

hip bone; pelvis; renal pelvis

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47
Q

pariet/o

A

wall of a cavity

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48
Q

pub/o

A

hip bone; pubis

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50
Q

phalang/o

A

digit; finger; toe

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51
Q

radi/o

A

forearm bone; radiation; x-rays

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52
Q

synovi/o

A

joint membrane; synovium

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53
Q

synov/o

A

joint membrane; synovium

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54
Q

scapul/o

A

scapula; shoulder blade

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55
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

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56
Q

skelet/o

A

skeleton

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57
Q

tars/o

A

ankle

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58
Q

sphen/o

A

wedge shape

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59
Q

spin/o

A

backbone; spine

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60
Q

tibi/o

A

shin bone; tibia

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61
Q

styl/o

A

stake

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61
Q

stern/o

A

breastbone; sternum

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62
Q

tempor/o

A

side of the head; temple

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63
Q

thorac/o

A

chest; thorax

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65
Q

xiph/o

A

sword

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65
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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65
Q

uln/o

A

forearm bone; ulna

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66
Q

a-

A

away from; without

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67
Q

alges/o

A

sensation of pain

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68
Q

alg/o

A

pain

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69
Q

align/o

A

arranged in a straight line

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70
Q

amputat/o

A

cut off

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71
Q

amput/o

A

cut off

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72
Q

ankyl/o

A

fused together; stiff

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73
Q

bunion/o

A

bunion

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74
Q

-centesis

A

procedure to puncture

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75
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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76
Q

communit/o

A

break into small pieces

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77
Q

congenit/o

A

present at birth

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78
Q

de-

A

reversal of; without

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79
Q

-desis

A

procedure to fuse together

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80
Q

dextr/o

A

right; sugar

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81
Q

dis-

A

away from

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82
Q

disk/o

A

disk

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83
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal

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84
Q

fract/o

A

bend; break up

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85
Q

gener/o

A

creation; production

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86
Q

goni/o

A

angle

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87
Q

-gram

A

picture; record

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88
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

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89
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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90
Q

-ia

A

condition; state; thing

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91
Q

-ion

A

action; condition

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92
Q

-itis

A

infection of; inflammation of

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93
Q

kyph/o

A

bent; humpbacked

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94
Q

lev/o

A

left

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95
Q

locat/o

A

place

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96
Q

lord/o

A

swayback

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97
Q

mal-

A

bad; inadequate

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98
Q

malac/o

A

softening

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99
Q

-ment

A

action; state

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100
Q

-meter

A

instrument used to measure

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101
Q

-metry

A

process of measuring

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102
Q

mineral/o

A

electrolyte; mineral

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103
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; myelin; spinal cord

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104
Q

necr/o

A

dead body; dead cells; dead tissue

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105
Q

-oma

A

mass; tumor

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106
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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107
Q

-osis

A

condition; process

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108
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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109
Q

path/o

A

disease

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110
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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111
Q

ped/o

A

child

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112
Q

physic/o

A

body

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113
Q

-phyte

A

growth

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114
Q

-plasty

A

process of reshaping by surgery

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115
Q

por/o

A

pores; small openings

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116
Q

prosthet/o

A

artificial part

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117
Q

sarc/o

A

connective tissue

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118
Q

scoli/o

A

crooked; curved

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119
Q

-scope

A

instrument used to examine

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120
Q

-scopy

A

process of using an instrument to examine

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121
Q

-tome

A

area with distinct edges; instrument used to cut

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122
Q

-ure

A

result of; system

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123
Q

vascul/o

A

blood vessel

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124
Q

The bones of the shoulders, upper extremities, hips, and lower extremities.

A

appendicular skeleton

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125
Q

The bones of the head, chest, and back.

A

axial skeleton

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126
Q

Another word for bones.

A

osseous tissue

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127
Q

Body system that consists of all the bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints in the body.

A

skeletal system

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128
Q

The combined systems of the bones and muscles

A

skeletomuscular system

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129
Q

Bony framework of the body that consists of all 206 bones, plus cartilage and ligaments.

A

skeleton

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130
Q

Domelike bone at the top of the head that contains the cranial cavity and the brain and other structures.

A

cranium

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131
Q

Bone that forms the posterior nasal septum and the medial walls of the eye sockets. It contains many small, hollow spaces.

A

ethmoid bone

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132
Q

“Soft spot” on a baby’s head where the cranial sutures are still open and there is only fibrous connective tissue.

A

fontanel

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133
Q

A hole in a bone.

A

formamen

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134
Q

Bone that forms the forehead and the top of the cranium and ends at the coronal suture.

A

frontal bone

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135
Q

U-shaped bone in the anterior neck.

A

hyoid bone

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136
Q

Facial bones within the eye socket.

A

lacrimal bones

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137
Q

Facial bone that is the lower jaw bone.

A

mandible

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138
Q

Facial bone that is the immovable upper jaw bone.

A

maxilla

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139
Q

Facial bones that form the bridge of the nose and the roof of the nasal cavity.

A

nasal bones

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140
Q

Bone that forms the posterior base of the cranium

A

occipital bone

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141
Q

Three tiny bones in the middle ear that function in the process of hearing.

A

ossicles

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142
Q

Facial bones that are small and flat and form the posterior hard palate.

A

palatine bones

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143
Q

Bones that form the upper sides and posterior of the cranium.

A

parietal bones

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144
Q

Bony structure of the head that consists of the cranium and facial bones.

A

skull

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145
Q

Large, irregular bone that forms the central base and sides of the cranium and the posterior walls of the eye sockets.

A

sphenoid bone

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146
Q

Joint where one cranial bone meets another.

A

suture

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147
Q

Bones that form the lower sides of the cranium.

A

temporal bones

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148
Q

Facial bone that forms the inferior part of the nasal septum and continues posteriorly to join the sphenoid bone.

A

vomer

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149
Q

Facial bone that is a cheek bone and goes to the edge of the eye socket.

A

zygoma

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150
Q

Facial bone that is a cheek bone and goes to the edge of the eye socket.

A

zygoma

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151
Q

Firm, but flexible segments of connective tissue that join the ribs to the sternum.

A

costal cartilage

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152
Q

Twelve pairs of bones that form the sides of the thorax

A

ribs

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153
Q

Vertical bone of the anterior thorax to which the clavicle and ribs are attached

A

sternum

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154
Q

Rib cage.

A

thorax

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155
Q

Vertebrae in the neck.

A

cervical vertebrae

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156
Q

Tail bone.

A

coccyx

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157
Q

Disk between two vertebrae.

A

invertebral disk

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158
Q

Vertebrae of the lower back.

A

lumbar vertebrae

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159
Q

Group of five fused vertebrae inferior to the lumbar vertebrae.

A

sacrum

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160
Q

Bony column of vertebrae.

A

spinal column

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161
Q

Vertebrae in the area of the chest.

A

thoracic vertebrae

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162
Q

Bony structure in the spine.

A

vertebrae

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163
Q

Collar bone.

A

clavicle

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164
Q

Shallow depression in the scapula where the head of the humerus joins the scapula to make the shoulder joint.

A

glenoid fossa

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165
Q

Shoulder blade.

A

scapula

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166
Q

Eight small bones of the wrist joint.

A

carpal bones

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167
Q

Long bone of the upper arm.

A

humerus

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168
Q

Five bones of the hand, one corresponding to each finger.

A

metacarpal bones

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169
Q

One of the individual bones of a finger or toe.

A

phalanx

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170
Q

Forearm bone located along the thumb side of the lower arm.

A

radius

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171
Q

Forearm bone located along the little finger side of the lower arm.

A

ulna

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172
Q

Cup-shaped, deep socket of the hip joint where the femur fits.

A

acetabulum

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173
Q

Most superior hip bone with a broad, flaring crest.

A

ilium

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174
Q

Most inferior hip bone, or “seat bones”.

A

ischium

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175
Q

The hip bones as well as the sacrum and coccyx.

A

pelvis

176
Q

Small bridgelike bone that is the most anterior hip bone.

A

pubis

177
Q

Heel bone.

A

calcaneus

178
Q

Thigh bone.

A

femur

179
Q

Thin bone in the lower leg located on the little toe side.

A

fibula

180
Q

The great toe.

A

hallux

181
Q

Bony projection of the distal tibia or the distal fibula. Often mistakenly called the ankle bones.

A

malleolus

182
Q

The five bones of the midfoot, one corresponding to each toe.

A

matatarsal bones

183
Q

Kneecap.

A

patella

184
Q

Seven bones in the ankle joint.

A

tarsal bones

185
Q

Large, weight-bearing bone of the lower leg located on the great toe side.

A

tibia

186
Q

Area where two bones come together.

A

joint

187
Q

Fibrous bands that hold two bone ends together in a synovial joint.

A

ligament

188
Q

Crescent-shaped cartilage pad found in some synovial joints, such as the knee.

A

meniscus

189
Q

Immovable joint between two cranial bones; it contains no cartilage.

A

suture joint

190
Q

Slightly movable joint between the two pubic bones.

A

symphysis joint

191
Q

A fully movable joint.

A

synovial joint

192
Q

Spongy bone in the epiphyses of the long bones.

A

cancellous bone

193
Q

Dense, compact, weight-bearing bone along the diaphysis or shaft of a long bone.

A

cortical bone

194
Q

The straight shaft of a long bone.

A

diaphysis

195
Q

One of the two widened endss of a long bone.

A

epiphysis

196
Q

Cavity within the shaft of a long bone.

A

medullary cavity

197
Q

Process by which cartilage is changed into bone from childhood through adolescence.

A

ossification

198
Q

Bone cell that deposits new bone.

A

osteoblast

199
Q

Bone cell that breaks down areas of old or damaged bone.

A

osteoclast

200
Q

Bone cell that maintains and monitor the mineral content of a bone.

A

osteocyte

201
Q

Thick, fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of a bone.

A

periosteum

202
Q

Death of cells in the epiphysis of a long bone, often the femur.

A

avascular necrosis

203
Q

Benign tumor of the cartilage

A

chondroma

204
Q

Abnormal softening of the patella because of thinning and uneven wear.

A

chondromalacia patellae

205
Q

Broken bone.

A

fracture

206
Q

Broken bone does not break through the overlying skin.

A

closed fracture

207
Q

Broken bone breaks through the overlying skin.

A

open fracture

208
Q

Broken bone remains in its normal anatomical alignment.

A

nondisplaced fracture

209
Q

Broken bone is pulled out of its normal anatomical alignment.

A

displaced fracture

210
Q

Distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand.

A

Colles’ fracture

211
Q

Bone is crushed in to several small pieces.

A

comminuted fracture

212
Q

Vertebrae are compressed together.

A

compression fracture

213
Q

Cranium is fractured inward toward the brain.

A

depressed fracture

214
Q

Bone is broken on only one side.

A

greenstick fracture

215
Q

Very thin fracture line with the bone pieces still together.

A

hairline fracture

216
Q

Bone is broken on an oblique angle.

A

oblique fracture

217
Q

Bone is broken in a spiral because of a twisting force.

A

spiral fracture

218
Q

Bone is broken in a transverse plane perpendicular to its long axis.

A

transverse fracture

219
Q

Abnormal softening of the bones due to a deficiency of vitamin D.

A

osteomalacia

220
Q

Infection in the bone and bone marrow.

A

osteomyselitiis

221
Q

Abnormal thinning of the bone structure.

A

osteoporosis

222
Q

Chronic inflammation of the vertebrae that leads to fibrosis, fusion, and restriction of movement of the spine.

A

ankylosing spondylitis

223
Q

Humpback.

A

kyphosis

224
Q

Swayback.

A

lordosis

225
Q

Abnormal, excessive C-shaped or S-shaped lateral curvature of the spine.

A

scoliosis

226
Q

Degenerative condition of the spine in which one vertebra moves anteriorly and slips out of proper alignment.

A

spondylolisthesis

227
Q

Pain in the joint from injury, inflammation, or infection.

A

arthralgia

228
Q

Disease of a joint from any cause.

A

arthopathy

229
Q

Displacement of the end of a bone from its normal position within a joint.

A

dislocation

230
Q

Metabolic disorder that occurs most often in men. There is a high level of uric acid in the blood which moves into the soft tissues and forms crystals.

A

gout

231
Q

Blood in the joint cavity from blunt trauma or penetrating wound.

A

hemarthrosis

232
Q

Arthritis caused by a bacterium in the bite of an infected deer tick.

A

lyme disease

233
Q

Chronic inflammatory disease of the joints.

A

osteoarthritis

234
Q

Acute and chronic inflammatory disease of the connective tissue, particularly of the joints.

A

rheumatoid arthritis

235
Q

Overstretching and tearing of a ligament around a joint.

A

sprain

236
Q

Tear of the cartilage pad of the knee because of an injury.

A

torn meniscus

237
Q

Congenital deformity of the bony thorax in which the sternum is bent inward, creating a hollow depression in the anterior chest.

A

pectus excavatum

238
Q

Knock-knee.

A

genu valgum

239
Q

Bowleg.

A

genu varum

240
Q

Deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes.

A

hallux valgus

241
Q

Clubfoot.

A

talipes equinovarus

242
Q

Blood test that is usually positive in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

A

rheumatoid factor

243
Q

Blood test that has an elevated level in patients with gout and gouty arthritis.

A

uric acid

244
Q

Procedure that uses a radiopaque contrast dye that is injected into the joint.

A

arthography

245
Q

Procedure that measures the bone mineral density to determine if demineralization from osteoporosis has occured.

A

bone density tests

246
Q

Nuclear medicine procedure in which a phosphate compound is tagged with the radioactive tracer technetium-99m.

A

bone scintigraphy

247
Q

Procedure in which manual manipulation of a displaced fracture is performed so that the bone ends go back into normal alignment without the need for surgery.

A

closed reduction

248
Q

Procedure in which sound waves produced outside the body are used to break up bone spurs.

A

extracorporeal shock wave therapy

249
Q

Procedure in which a goniometer is used to measure the angle of a joint and its range of motion.

A

goniometry

250
Q

Orthopedic device such as a brace, splint, or collar that is used to immobilize a body part and keep it straight to correct an orthopedic problem.

A

orthosis

251
Q

Procedure to remove an accumulation of fluid from an injured joint by using a needle inserted in the joint space.

A

arthrocentesis

252
Q

Procedure to fuse the bones in a degenerated, unstable joint.

A

arthrodesis

253
Q

Procedure that uses an arthroscope inserted into the joint to visualize structures inside the joint.

A

arthroscopy

254
Q

Procedure that uses whole bone or bone chips to repar fractures.

A

bone graft

255
Q

Procedure to remove bunion.

A

bunionectomy

256
Q

Procedure that replaces damaged cartilage as an alternative to total knee replacement.

A

cartilage transplant

257
Q

Procedure used to treat a complicated fracture. Metal pins are inserted into the bone and connected to a metal frame.

A

external fixation

258
Q

Procedure to replace a joint.

A

joint replacement surgery

259
Q

Procedure to treat a complicated fracture. An incision is made to open the skin, the fracture is realigned, and screws, nails, or plates are inserted.

A

open reduction and internal fixation

260
Q

Over-the-counter drugs aspirin and acetaminophen decrease mild-to-moderate inflammation and pain.

A

analgesic drugs

261
Q

Drugs which inhibit osteoclasts from breaking down bone.

A

bone resorption inhibitor drugs

262
Q

Drugs which decrease severe inflammation.

A

corticosteroid drugs

263
Q

Drugs which inhibit the immune response that attacks the joint and connective tissue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

A

gold compound drugs

264
Q

Drugs like ibuprofen and naproxen which decrease mild-to-moderate inflammation and pain.

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

265
Q

Structure that produces movement of the body.

A

muscle

266
Q

Provides movement for the body in conjunction with support from the bones.

A

muscular system

267
Q

skeletal muscles in one body part or all of the muscles in the body as a whole.

A

musculature

268
Q

One of three types of muscles in the body, but the only one that is under voluntary control.

A

skeletal muscle

269
Q

Wide, white fibrous sheet of connective tissue that attaches a flat muscle to a bone or other structure.

A

aponeurosis

270
Q

Area of greatest mass, usually the center of the muscle midway between the origin and insertion.

A

belly of the muscle

271
Q

Sac of synovial membrane that contains the synovial fluid. It decreases friction where a tendon rubs against a bone near a synovial joint.

A

bursa

272
Q

Thin connective tissue around each muscle. It joins to become part of the tendon.

A

fascia

273
Q

Where the tendon of a muscle ends on a bonethat moves when the muscle contracts or relaxes.

A

insertion

274
Q

Where the tendon of a muscle begins and is attached to a stationary bone.

A

origin

275
Q

Thin, nearly translucent band of fibrous tissue and fascia that holds down tendons that cross the wrist and ankle.

A

retinaculum

276
Q

Cordlike, nonelastic, white fibrous band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone.

A

tendon

277
Q

Moving a body part away from the midline.

A

abduction

278
Q

Moving a body part toward the midline.

A

adduction

279
Q

Turning a body part outward and toward the side.

A

eversion

280
Q

Straightening and extending a joint to increase the angle between two bones or two body parts.

A

extension

281
Q

Bending a joint to decrease the angle between two bones or two body parts.

A

flexion

282
Q

Turning a body part inward.

A

inversion

283
Q

Turning the palm of the hand posteriorly or downward.

A

pronation

284
Q

Moving a body part around its axis.

A

rotation

285
Q

Turning the palm of the hand anteriorly or upward.

A

supination

286
Q

Muscle of the side of the face that moves the cheek.

A

buccinator muscle

287
Q

Muscle of the forehead that moves the forehead skin and eyebrows.

A

frontalis muscle

288
Q

Muscle of the side of the jaw that moves the mandible upward.

A

masseter muscle

289
Q

Muscle around the eye that closes the eyelid.

A

orbicularis oculi muscle

290
Q

Muscle around the mouth that closes the lips.

A

orbicularis oris muscle

291
Q

Muscle of the neck that moves the mandible down.

A

platysma muscle

292
Q

Muscle of the neck that bends the head toward the sternum and turns the head to either side.

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

293
Q

Muscle of the side of the head that moves the mandible upward and backward.

A

temporalis muscle

294
Q

Muscle of the shoulder that raises the arm and moves the arm away from the body.

A

deltoid muscle

295
Q

Muscles between the ribs that work in pairs to spread the ribs apart during inspiration and pull the ribs together during forced expiration, coughing, or sneezing.

A

intercostal muscles

296
Q

Muscle of the back that moves the arm posteriorly and medially toward the vertebral column.

A

latissimus dorsi muscle

297
Q

Muscle of the chest that moves the arm anteriorly and medially across the chest.

A

pectoralis major muscle

298
Q

Muscle of the shoulder that raises the shoulder, pulls the shoulder blades together, and elevates the clavicle.

A

trapezius muscle

299
Q

Muscle of the anterior upper arm that bends the upper arm toward the shoulder and bends the lower arm toward the upper arm.

A

biceps brachii muscle

300
Q

Muscle of the anterior lower arm that bends the lower arm toward the uppper arm.

A

branchioradialis muscle

301
Q

Muscle that extends the fingers or toes.

A

extensor digitorum muscle

302
Q

Group of muscles in the palm side of the hand that bends the thumb and moves it towards the palm.

A

thenar muscles

303
Q

Muscle of the posterior upper arm that straightens the lower arm.

A

triceps brachii muscle

304
Q

Muscle of the side of the abdomen that bends the upper body forward, rotates the side of the body medially, and compresses the side of the abdominal wall.

A

external abdominal oblique muscle

305
Q

Muscle of the anterior abdomen that bends the upper body forward and compresses the anterior abdominal wall.

A

rectus abdominas muscle

306
Q

Muscle of the posterior leg that moves the upper leg posteriorly and bends the lower leg towards the buttocks.

A

biceps femoris muscle

307
Q

Muscle of the posterior lower leg that bends the foot downward and lets you stand on tiptoe.

A

gastrocnemius muscle

308
Q

Muscle of the buttocks that moves the upper leg posteriorly and rotates it laterally

A

gluteus maximus muscle

309
Q

Collective name for three muscles in the posterior upper leg that move the upper leg posteriorly and bends the lower leg toward buttocks.

A

hamstrings

310
Q

Muscle of the lateral lower leg that raises the lateral edge of the foot and bends the foot downward.

A

peroneus longus muscle

311
Q

Collective name for four muscles in the anterior and lateral upper leg that straighten the lower leg.

A

quadriceps femoris

312
Q

Muscle of the anterior upper leg that bends the upper leg toward the abdomen and rotates it laterally.

A

sartorius muscle

313
Q

Muscle of the posterior upper leg that moves the upper leg posteriorly, bends the lower leg toward the buttock, and rotates the leg medially.

A

semitendinosus muscle

314
Q

Muscle of the anterior lower leg that bends the upper leg toward the abdomen and straightens the lower leg.

A

vastus lateralis muscle

315
Q

Neurotransmitter that initiates a muscle contraction

A

acetylcholine

316
Q

Shortening of the length of all the muscle fibers and of the muscle itself.

A

contraction

317
Q

A bundle composed of many muscle fibers.

A

fascicle

318
Q

An increase in the size of a muscle

A

hypertrophy

319
Q

One muscle cell.

A

muscle fiber

320
Q

Section of a muscle fiber that contains thin strands and thick strands that give it its characteristic striated appearance under a microscope.

A

myofibril

321
Q

Area on a muscle fiber where a single nerve cell connects to it.

A

neuromuscular junction

322
Q

Chemical messenger between a nerve cell and a muscle fiber.

A

neurotransmitter

323
Q

volunt/o

A

person’s own free will

324
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

325
Q

anter/o

A

before; front part

326
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

327
Q

buccinat/o

A

cheek

328
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

329
Q

cleid/o

A

clavicle, collar bone

330
Q

contract/o

A

pull together

331
Q

cost/o

A

rib

332
Q

delt/o

A

triangle

333
Q

duct/o

A

bring; duct; move

334
Q

extens/o

A

straightening

335
Q

extern/o

A

outside

336
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia

337
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber

338
Q

flex/o

A

bending

339
Q

front/o

A

front

340
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

341
Q

insert/o

A

introduce; put in

342
Q

intern/o

A

inside

343
Q

masset/o

A

chewing

344
Q

mast/o

A

breast; mastoid process

345
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle

346
Q

my/o

A

muscle

347
Q

myos/o

A

muscle

348
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

349
Q

orbicul/o

A

small circle

350
Q

pector/o

A

chest

351
Q

perone/o

A

fibula; lower leg bone

352
Q

pronat/o

A

face down

353
Q

radi/o

A

forearm bone; radiation; xrays

354
Q

rotat/o

A

rotate

355
Q

stern/o

A

breastbone; sternum

356
Q

supinat/o

A

lying on the back

357
Q

tempor/o

A

side of the head; temple

358
Q

tendin/o

A

tendon

359
Q

ten/o

A

tendon

360
Q

then/o

A

thumb

361
Q

tibi/o

A

shin bone; tibia

362
Q

transmitt/o

A

send across; send through

363
Q

troph/o

A

development

364
Q

vers/o

A

travel; tern

365
Q

vert/o

A

travel; turn

366
Q

Loss of muscle bulk in one or more muscles.

A

atrophy

367
Q

Condition in which the muscle tears away from the tendon or the tendon tears away from the bone.

A

avulsion

368
Q

The result of a severe blunt or crushing injury that causes bleeding in the muscles of the leg.

A

compartment syndrome

369
Q

Inactivity or paralysis combined wither continuing nerve impulses can cause an arm or leg muscle to become progressively flexed and drawn into a position where it becomes nearly immovable.

A

contracture

370
Q

Pain located at specific, hyperirritable trigger points in the muscles of the neck, back, or hips which are tender to the touch and feel firm.

A

fibromyalgia

371
Q

Injury that occurs during a car accident as a person’s head snaps forward and then backward in response to the car’s changing speed.

A

hyperextension-hyperflexion injury

372
Q

Condition in which blunt trauma causes some bleeding in the muscle, also known as a bruise.

A

muscle contusion

373
Q

Painful but temporary condition with a sudden, severe, involuntary contraction of a muscle, often in the legs.

A

muscle spasm

374
Q

Overstretching of the muscle, often due to physical overexertion.

A

muscle strain

375
Q

Genetic mutation of the gene that normally makes the muscle protein dystrophin which causes the muscles to weaken and then atrophy.

A

muscular dystrophy

376
Q

Pain in a muscle due to injury or muscular disease.

A

myalgia

377
Q

Autoimmune disorder with abnormal and rapid fatigue of the muscles, particularly in the muscles of the face, where there is drooping of the eyelids.

A

myasthenia gravis

378
Q

Category that includes many different diseases of the muscles.

A

myopathy

379
Q

Inflammation of a muscle with localized swelling and tenderness.

A

myositis

380
Q

Condition affecting the muscles, tendons, and sometimes the nerves.

A

repetitive strain injury

381
Q

Benign tumor in a muscle.

A

rhabdomyoma

382
Q

Cancerous tumor in a muscle.

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

383
Q

Tear in the rotator muscles of the shoulder that surround the head of the humerus.

A

rotator cuff tear

384
Q

Incoordination of the muscles during movement, particularly incoordination of the gait.

A

ataxia

385
Q

Abnormally slow muscle movements or a decrease in the number of spontaneous muscle movements.

A

bradykinesia

386
Q

Abnormal motions that occur because of difficulty controlling the voluntary muscles.

A

dyskinesia

387
Q

An abnormally increased amount of muscle movements.

A

hyperkinesis

388
Q

An uncomfortable restlessness and twitching of the muscles of the legs.

A

restless leg syndrome

389
Q

Small, involuntary, sometimes jerky, back-and-forth movements of the hands, head, jaw, or extremeties.

A

tremor

390
Q

Inflammation of the bursal sac because of repetitive muscle contractions or pressure on the bone underneath the bursa.

A

bursitis

391
Q

Progressive disease in which collagen fibers in the fascia in the palm of the hand become thickened and shortened.

A

Dupuytren’s contracture

392
Q

Inflammation of the fascia around a muscle.

A

fascilitis

393
Q

Semisolid or fluid-containing cyst that develops on a tendon, often in the wrist, hand, or foot.

A

ganglion

394
Q

Inflammation and pain of the flexor and pronator muscles of the forearm where their tendons originate on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. This is an overuse injury caused by repeating flexing of the wrist while the fingers tightly grasp.

A

pitcher’s elbow

395
Q

Pain and inflammation of the tendons of the flexor muscles of the anterior lower leg over the tibia. It is an overuse injury common to athletes who run.

A

shin splints

396
Q

Inflammation of any tendon from injury or overuse.

A

tendinitis

397
Q

Inflammation and pain of the extensor and supinator muscles where their tendons originate on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. This is an overuse injury caused by repeated extension and supination of the writst.

A

tennis elbow

398
Q

Inflammation and pain due to overuse of a tendon and inability of the synovium to produce enough lubricating fluid.

A

tenosynovitis

399
Q

Test that detects antibodies that the body produces against its acetycholine receptors. Used to diagnose myasthenia gravis.

A

acetylcholine recepter antibody test

400
Q

Test that measure the level of serum CPK-MM, an isoenzyme found in the muscles. High levels are found in patients with musclular dystrophy.

A

creatine phosphokinase

401
Q

Procedure to diagnose muscle disease or nerve damage. A needle electrode is inserted into a muscle and records electrical activity as the muscle contracts and releases.

A

electromyography (EMG)

402
Q

Procedure in which the drug edrophonium is given to confirm a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. Positive tests show temporarily increased muscle strength during the test.

A

edrophonium test

403
Q

Medical devices that support and straighten a body part or increases mobility and independence.

A

braces and adaptive devices

404
Q

Procedure that tests whether the muscular-nervous pathway is funtioning normally. Tapping briskly on a tendon causes an involuntary, automation contraction of the muscle connected to that tendon.

A

deep tendon reflexes (DTR)

405
Q

Procedure used to test the motor strength of certain muscle groups.

A

muscle strength test

406
Q

Physical therapy that includes exercises to increase muscle strength and improve coordination and balance.

A

rehabilitation exercises

407
Q

Procedure to treat fibromyalgia. A combination of a local anesthetic drug and a corticosteroid drug are injected into each fibromyalgia trigger point.

A

trigger point injections

408
Q

Procedure to partially or totally remove the fascia that is causing Dupuytren’s contracture.

A

fasciectomy

409
Q

Procedure to cut the fascia and release pressure from built-up blood and tissue fluid in a patient with compartment syndrome.

A

fasciotomy

410
Q

Procedure to remove a ganglion from a tendon.

A

ganglionectomy

411
Q

Procedure to diagnose muscle weakness that could be caused by many kinds of muscular diseases. An incision is made in the muscle and a piece of tissue is removed and sent to pathology.

A

muscle biopsy

412
Q

Procedure to suture together a torn muscle after an injury.

A

myorrhaphy

413
Q

Procedure to suture together a torn tendon after an injury.

A

tenorrhaphy

414
Q

Procedure to remove the thymus gland which is used to treat patients with myasthenia gravis.

A

thymectomy

415
Q

Over-the-counter drugs like aspirin and acetaminophen which decrease mild-to-moderate inflammation and pain.

A

analgesic drugs

416
Q

Drugs which block the action of epinephrine to suppress essential familial tremor.

A

beta-blocker drugs

417
Q

Drugs which decrease severe inflammation.

A

corticosteroid drugs

418
Q

Drugs which stimulate dopamine receptors to treat restless leg syndrome.

A

dopamine stimulant drugs

419
Q

Drugs which include an oral muscle relaxant drug, injected local anesthetic drus, and oral pregabalin.

A

drugs for fibromyalgia

420
Q

Drugs which inhibit the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine.

A

drugs for myasthenia gravis

421
Q

Drugs which relieve muscle spasm and stiffness.

A

muscle relaxant drugs

422
Q

Drugs which block acetycholine receptors to prevent muscle contraction.

A

neuromuscular drugs

423
Q

Drugs which decrease mild-to-moderate inflammation and pain.

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

424
Q

syn-

A

together

425
Q

inter-

A

between

426
Q

peri-

A

around

427
Q

dia-

A

complete; completely through

428
Q

-trophy

A

process of development

429
Q

-physis

A

state of growing

430
Q

-desis

A

procedure to fuse together

431
Q

-plasty

A

process of reshaping by surgery

432
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal

433
Q

-plasia

A

development; formation

434
Q

-listhesis

A

process of slipping

435
Q

-centesis

A

procedure to puncture

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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