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Medical Terminology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

facial pain

A

gnathalgia

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2
Q

overstretching or tearing of a ligament around a joint

A

sprain

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3
Q

overstretching of a muscle

A

strain

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4
Q

grinding sound when bone ends grind together

A

crepitus

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5
Q

chronic inflammation of the vertebrae that leads to fibrosis, fusion, and restriction of movement of the spine

A

ankylosing spondylitits

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6
Q

infection in the bone and bone marrow

A

osteomyelitis

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7
Q

chronic inflammatory disease of the joints

A

osteoarthritis

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8
Q

a bony projection in bone process

A

spine

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9
Q

a type of continuous, slightly movable joint

A

ampiarthroses

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10
Q

procedure to remove an accumulation of fluid from an injured joint by using a needle inserted into the joint space

A

arthrocentesis

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11
Q

total hip replacement

A

arthroplasty

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12
Q

procedure to remove the lamina (the flat area of the arch of the vertebra)

A

laminectomy

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13
Q

autoimmune disorder with abnormal and rapid fatigue of the muscles, particularly in the muscles of the face, where there is drooping of the eyelids, caused by the body producing antibodies against its own acetylcholine receptors

A

myasthenia gravis

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14
Q

autoimmune disorder in which the patient’s own antibodies attack cartilage and connective tissue causing redness and swelling of the joints, especially the hands and feet

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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15
Q

pain located at specific, hyperirritable trigger points in the muscles of the neck back or hips which are tender to the touch and feel firm

A

fibromylagia

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16
Q

arm or leg muscle becomes progressively flexed and drawn into a position where it becomes nearly immovable from inactivity or paralysis

A

contracture

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17
Q

pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve to the leg

A

sciatica

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18
Q

degenerative condition of the spine where one vertebra moves anteriorly and slips out of proper aligment

A

spondylolithesis

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19
Q

swelling and inflammation on a toe

A

bunion

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20
Q

displacement of the end of a bone from its normal position within a joint

A

dislocation

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21
Q

slight misalignment of the vertebrae

A

subluxation

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22
Q

abnormal thinning of bone structure

A

osteoporosis

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23
Q

softening of the bones through vitamin D deficiency

A

osteomalacia

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24
Q

a type of joint which permits very little or no movement

A

synarthoses

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25
Q

a type of joint with free movement

A

diarthroses

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26
Q

surgical immobilization of a joint

A

arthrodesis

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27
Q

procedure to treat a spinal compression fracture where cement is injected to create an internal cast

A

kyphoplasty

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28
Q

suture of a muscle

A

myorraphy

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29
Q

repair of a tendon and muscle, usually for a hernia

A

tenomyoplasty

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30
Q

surgical fusion of the joints of the backbone

A

spondylosyndesis

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31
Q

ankle bone

A

malleolus

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32
Q

long bony blade on scapula

A

acromium

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33
Q

elbow bone

A

olecranun

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34
Q

shoulder joint

A

glenoid fossa

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35
Q

the gradual replacing of cartilage with bone that takes place during childhood and adolescence

A

ossification

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36
Q

name for growth plates at the end of long bones where new bone is formed as the body grows taller

A

epiphyseal growth plates

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37
Q

percent of skeleton that is broken down and rebuilt every year

A

10%

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38
Q

cells which break down areas of old or damaged bone

A

osteoclasts

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39
Q

cells which deposit new bone tissue

A

osteoblasts

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40
Q

cells which maintain and monitor the mineral content of the bone

A

osteocytes

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41
Q

spongy bone in the epiphyses of long bones which is filled with red bone marrow that makes blood cells

A

cancellous bone

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42
Q

dense, compact, weight bearing bone along the diaphysis or shaft of a long bone

A

cortical bone

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43
Q

the straight shaft of a long bone

A

diaphysis

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44
Q

one or two widened ends of a long bone

A

epiphysis

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45
Q

cavity within the shaft of a long bone which contains yellow bone marrow (fatty tissue)

A

medullary cavity

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46
Q

thick fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of a bone

A

periosteum

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47
Q

death of cells in the epiphysis of a long bone caused by an injury, fracture, or dislocation that damages nearby blood vessels or by a blood clot that interrupts blood supply of the bone

A

avascular necrosis

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48
Q

benign tumor of the bone

A

osteoma

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49
Q

cancerous tumor of the bone

A

osteosarcoma

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50
Q

cancerous bone tumor occurs mainly in young men

A

ewings sarcoma

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51
Q

benign tumor of cartilage

A

chondroma

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52
Q

abnormal softening of the patella because of thinning and uneven wear

A

chondromalacia patellae

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53
Q

broken bone

A

fracture

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54
Q

fracture caused by force or torsion during an accident or sports activity

A

stress fracture

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55
Q

fracture caused by a disease process such as osteoporosis, bone cancer, or mestases to the bone

A

pathological fracture

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56
Q

fracture which involves the epiphyseal plate of a bone and is a common injury found in children

A

salter-harris fracture

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57
Q

broken bone does not break through skin

A

closed fracture

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58
Q

broken bone breaks through skin

A

open fracture

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59
Q

broken bone remains in its normal alignment

A

nondisplaced fracture

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60
Q

broken bone is pulled out of its normal alignment

A

displaced fracture

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61
Q

distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand

A

colles fracture

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62
Q

bone is crushed into several small pieces

A

comminuted fracture

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63
Q

vertabrae are compressed together when a person falls on buttocks

A

compression fracture

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64
Q

cranium is fractured inward

A

depressed fracture

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65
Q

bone is broken only on one side

A

greenstick fracture

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66
Q

very thin fracture line with the bone pieces still together

A

hairline fracture

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67
Q

bone is broken on an angle

A

oblique fracture

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68
Q

bone is broken from a twisting force

A

spiral fracture

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69
Q

bone is broken straight across

A

transverse frature

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70
Q

abnormal softening of the bones due to a deficiency of vitamin D

A

osteomalacia

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71
Q

infection in the bone and bone marrow

A

osteomyelitis

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72
Q

abnormal thinning of the bone structure from demineralization

A

osteoporosis

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73
Q

chronic inflammation of the vertebrae that leads to fibrosis, fusion, and restriction of the movement of the spine

A

ankylosing spondylitis

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74
Q

humpback or hunchback

A

kyphosis

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75
Q

swayback

A

lordosis

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76
Q

abnormal curvature of the spine

A

scoliosis

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77
Q

degenerative condition of the spine in which one vertebra moves and slips out of alignment

A

spondylolisthesis

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78
Q

pain in the joint from injury, inflammation, or infection

A

athralgia

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79
Q

disease of a joint from any cause

A

arthropathy

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80
Q

displacement of the end of a bone from its normal position within a joint

A

dislocation

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81
Q

metabolic disorder usuallly in men where there is a high level of uric acid in the blood which causes sudden severe pain after uric acid moves from the blood into the soft tissues and forms tophi (crystals)

A

gout

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82
Q

blood in the joint cavity from blunt trauma or a penetrating wound

A

hemarthrosis

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83
Q

arthritis caused by a bacterium in the bite of an infected deer tick

A

lyme disease

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84
Q

chronic inflammatory disease of the joints which causes pain and stiffness

A

osteoarthritis

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85
Q

acute and chronic inflammatory disease of the connective tissue of the joints where the patients own antibodies attack cartilage and connective tissue

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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86
Q

overstretching or tearing of a ligament around a joint

A

sprain

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87
Q

tear of the cartilage pad of the knee because of an injury

A

torn meniscus

88
Q

congenital deformity of the bony thorax in which the sternum is bent inward creating a hollow depression in the chest

A

pectus excavatum

89
Q

knock-knee

A

genu valgum

90
Q

bowleg

A

genu varum

91
Q

deformity where the great toe is angled towards the other toes and often develops a bunion

A

hallux valgus

92
Q

clubfoot

A

talipes equinovarus

93
Q

blood test that shows an increased level of antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

A

rheumatoid factor

94
Q

blood test that has an elevated level in patients with gout

A

uric acid

95
Q

procedure that uses a radiopaque contrast dye injected in the joint which coats and outlines the bone ends and joint capsules and can be seen on an x-ray, CT, or MRI

A

arthrography

96
Q

procedure that measures the bone mineral density to determine if demineralization from osteoporosis has occured

A

bone density tests

97
Q

two types of bone density tests

A

DEXA (dual-energy x-ray absorpotiometry) and QCT (quantitative computerized tomography)

98
Q

nuclear medicine procedure in which a phosphate compound is tagged with a radioactive tracer, injected, and taken up into the bone and measured by a gamma scintillation camera

A

bone scintigraphy

99
Q

procedure in which manual manipulation of a displaced fracture is performed so the bone can go back in alignment without surgery and then a cast is applied

A

closed reduction

100
Q

procedure in which sound waves produced outside the body are used to break up bone spurs

A

extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT)

101
Q

procedure where the angle of a joint and its range of motion is measured

A

goniometry

102
Q

orthopedic device such as a brace, splint, or collar that is used to immobilize a body part and keep it straight or correct an orthopedic problem

A

orthosis

103
Q

procedure that uses exercises to improve a patients range of motion, joint mobility, strength, and balance

A

physical therapy

104
Q

orthopedic device such as an artificial leg

A

prosthesis

105
Q

procedure that uses a weight to pull the bone ends of a fracture into correct alignment

A

traction

106
Q

procedure to remove all or part of an extremity

A

amputation

107
Q

procedure to remove an accumulation of fluid from an injured joint by using a needle inserted into the joint space

A

athrocentesis

108
Q

procedure to fuse the bones in a degenerated, unstable joint

A

athrodesis

109
Q

procedure that uses a scope inserted into the joint to visualize structures

A

athroscopy

110
Q

procedure that uses whole bone or bone chips to repair fractures with extensive bone loss or defects due to bone cancer

A

bone graft

111
Q

bone graft which uses bone taken from the patients own body

A

autograft

112
Q

bone graft which uses bone from a cadaver

A

allograft

113
Q

procedure to remove the prominent part of the metatarsal bone that is causing a bunion in patients with hallux valgus

A

bunionectomy

114
Q

procedure that replaces damaged cartilage as an alternative to a total knee replacement

A

cartilage transplantation

115
Q

procedure to treat a complicated fracture where an orthopedic device with metal pins is inserted into the bone on either side of the fracture and connected to a metal frame to immobilize it

A

external fixation

116
Q

procedure to replace a joint that has been destroyed where a metal or plastic joint prosthesis is inserted

A

joint replacement therapy

117
Q

procedure to treat a complicated fracture where an incision is made to open the skin, the fracture is realigned, and an internal fixation procedure is done using screws, nails or plates

A

open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)

118
Q

loss of muscle bulk in one or more muscles caused by lack of use or by malnutrition

A

atrophy

119
Q

condition in which the muscle tears away from the tendon or the tendon tears away from the bone

A

avulsion

120
Q

condition in which a severe blunt or crushing injury causes bleeding in the muscles of the leg and the fascia holds in the accumulating blood

A

compartment syndrome

121
Q

condition where inactivity or paralysis can cause an arm or leg muscle to become progressively flexed and drawn into a position where it becomes nearly immovable

A

contracture

122
Q

condition where pain is located at trigger points and are tender to the touch and firm

A

fibromyalgia

123
Q

whiplash

A

hyperextension-hyperflexion injury

124
Q

bruise

A

muscle contusion

125
Q

sudden severe involuntary contraction of a muscle

A

muscle spasm

126
Q

overstretching of a muscle

A

muscle strain

127
Q

condition where a genetic mutation of a gene which lacks a muscle protein and muscles weaken and then atrophy beginning in early childhood

A

muscular dystrophy

128
Q

pain in a muscle due to injury or muscle disease

A

myalgia

129
Q

autoimmune disorder with abnormal and rapid fatigue of muscles of the face and drooping of the yelids

A

myasthenia gravis

130
Q

category that includes many different diseases of the muscles

A

myopathy

131
Q

inflammation of the muscle with localized swelling and tenderness caused by injury or strain

A

myositis

132
Q

condition which occurs as a result of trauma caused by repetitive movements over an extended period of time

A

repetitive strain injury

133
Q

benign tumor in a muscle

A

rhabdomyoma

134
Q

cancerous tumor in a muscle

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

135
Q

tear in the rotator muscles of the shoulder that surround the head of the humerus

A

rotator cuff tear

136
Q

incoordination of the muscles during movement, particulary incoordination of the gait

A

ataxia

137
Q

abnormally slow muscle movements

A

bradykinesia

138
Q

abnormal motions that occur because of difficulty controlling voluntary muscle

A

dyskinesia

139
Q

abnormally increased amount of muscle movements

A

hyperkinesis

140
Q

uncomfortable restlessness and twitching of the leg muscles

A

restless leg syndrome

141
Q

small involuntary sometimes jerky back and forth movements of the head hands jaw or extremeties

A

tremor

142
Q

inflammation of the bursal sac, also called housemaids knee

A

bursitis

143
Q

progressive disease in which the collagen fibers in the fascia in the palm of the hand become thickened and shortened

A

dupuytrens contracture

144
Q

inflammation of the fascia around a muscle

A

fascitis

145
Q

cyst that develops on a tendon

A

ganglion

146
Q

overuse injury caused by repeated flexing of the wrist while the fingers tightly grasp

A

pitchers elbow

147
Q

overuse injury common to athletes who run

A

shin splints

148
Q

inflammation of any tendon from injury or overuse

A

tendinitis

149
Q

overuse injury caused by repeated extension and supination of the wrist

A

tennis elbow

150
Q

inflammation and pain due to overuse of a tendon and inability of the synovium to produce enough lubricating fluid

A

tenosynovitis

151
Q

test that detects antibodies again its acetylcholine receptors and is used to diagnose myasthenia gravis

A

acetylcholine receptor antibody test

152
Q

test that measure the level of serum CPK-MM and can indicate muscular dystrophy

A

creatine phosphokinase (CPK-MM)

153
Q

procedure to diagnose muscle disease or nerve damage where a needle electrode is inserted into a muscle and records electrical activity as the muscle contracts and relaxes

A

electromyography (EMG)

154
Q

procedure in which the drug edrophonium is given to confirm myasthenia gravis by showing increased muscle strength

A

edrophonium test

155
Q

orthosis that supports and straightens a body part

A

brace

156
Q

device which increases mobility and independence

A

adaptive device

157
Q

procedure that tests whether the muscular-nervous pathway is functioning normally by tapping briskly on a tendon and causing in involuntary automation contraction of the muscle

A

deep tendon reflexes (DTR)

158
Q

procedure used to test the motor strenght of certain muscle groups by having a patient push against the physicians hand

A

muscle strength test

159
Q

physical therapy that includes exercises to increase muscle strength and improve coordination and balance

A

rehabilitation exercises

160
Q

procedure to treat fibromyalgia where a local anesthetic and a corticosteroid drug are injected

A

trigger point injections

161
Q

procedure to partially or totally remove the fascia that is causing dupuytrens contracture

A

fasciectomy

162
Q

procedure to cut the fascia and release pressure from built-up blood and tissue fluid in a patient with compartment syndrome

A

fasciotomy

163
Q

procedure to remove a ganglion from a tendon

A

ganglionectomy

164
Q

procedure to diagnose muscle weakness where an incision in made and a piece of muscle tissue is removed and examined

A

muscle biopsy

165
Q

procedure to suture together a torn muscle

A

myorrhaphy

166
Q

procedure to suture together a torn tendon

A

tenorrhaphy

167
Q

procedure to remove the thymus gland in a patient with myasthenia gravis

A

thymectomy

168
Q

bending a joint to decrease the angle between two bones or body parts

A

flexion

169
Q

straightening and extending a joint to increase the angle between two bones or two body parts

A

extension

170
Q

moving a body part away from the midline of the body

A

abduction

171
Q

moving a body part toward the midline of the body

A

adduction

172
Q

moving a body part around its axis

A

rotation

173
Q

turning the palm of the hand anteriorly or upward

A

supination

174
Q

turning the palm of the hand posteriorly or downward

A

pronation

175
Q

turning a body part outward and toward the side

A

eversion

176
Q

turning a body part inward

A

inversion

177
Q

-trophy

A

process of development

178
Q

-physis

A

state of growing

179
Q

-desis

A

procedure to fuse together

180
Q

syn-

A

together

181
Q

inter-

A

between

182
Q

epicondyl/o

A

protuberance above or on the condyl of a long bone

183
Q

-plasty

A

process of reshaping by surgery

184
Q

-malacia

A

softening of the tissues

185
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal

186
Q

peri-

A

around

187
Q

condyl/o

A

round bump on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone

188
Q

olecran/o

A

bony point of the elbow

189
Q

-plasia

A

formation

190
Q

-listhesis

A

slipping

191
Q

-centesis

A

procedure to puncture

192
Q

dia-

A

complete; completely through

193
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; myelin; spinal cord

194
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

195
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction and internal fixation

196
Q

CTS

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

197
Q

TMJ

A

temporomandibular joint

198
Q

DJD

A

degenerative joint disease

199
Q

vertebrae in the neck

A

cervical C1-C7

200
Q

vertebrae in the chest

A

thoracic T1-T12

201
Q

vertebrae in the lower back

A

lumbar L1-L5

202
Q

five fused vertebrae joined with the hip bones

A

sacral

203
Q

tail bone vertebrae

A

coccygeal

204
Q

ribs attached to the vertebrae posteriorly and the sternum anteriorly by costal cartilage

A

true ribs

205
Q

ribs attached to the vertebrae posteriorly but only indirectly attached to the sternum by long lengths of costal cartilage

A

false ribs

206
Q

ribs attached to the vertebrae posteriorly but not attached to the sternum

A

floating ribs

207
Q

joint between two cranial bones that is immovable and contains no cartilage

A

suture joint

208
Q

slightly movable joint with a cartilage pad or disk between the bones

A

symphasis joint

209
Q

fully movable joint

A

synovial joint

210
Q

synovial joint that allows motion in two directions

A

hinge joint

211
Q

synovial joint that allows motion in many directions

A

ball-and-socket joint

212
Q

scan which combines a series of x-ray images taken from different angles and uses computer processing to create cross-sectional images of the bones, blood vessels, and soft tissues inside your body

A

CT scan

213
Q

bone density scan which is used to measure bone loss

A

DEXA scan

214
Q

imaging scan to evaluate conditions of joints

A

arthrography

215
Q

diagnostic procedure where electrical signals that cause muscles to contract are translated into graphs, sounds, or numerical values

A

electromyography (EMG)

216
Q

scan where a magnetic field and radio waves create detailed images of the organs and tissues in your body

A

MRI

217
Q

scan that uses sound waves to produce images on a screen which allows providers to view internal structures of the body

A

ultrasonography

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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