Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
facial pain
A
gnathalgia
2
Q
overstretching or tearing of a ligament around a joint
A
sprain
3
Q
overstretching of a muscle
A
strain
4
Q
grinding sound when bone ends grind together
A
crepitus
5
Q
chronic inflammation of the vertebrae that leads to fibrosis, fusion, and restriction of movement of the spine
A
ankylosing spondylitits
6
Q
infection in the bone and bone marrow
A
osteomyelitis
7
Q
chronic inflammatory disease of the joints
A
osteoarthritis
8
Q
a bony projection in bone process
A
spine
9
Q
a type of continuous, slightly movable joint
A
ampiarthroses
10
Q
procedure to remove an accumulation of fluid from an injured joint by using a needle inserted into the joint space
A
arthrocentesis
11
Q
total hip replacement
A
arthroplasty
12
Q
procedure to remove the lamina (the flat area of the arch of the vertebra)
A
laminectomy
13
Q
autoimmune disorder with abnormal and rapid fatigue of the muscles, particularly in the muscles of the face, where there is drooping of the eyelids, caused by the body producing antibodies against its own acetylcholine receptors
A
myasthenia gravis
14
Q
autoimmune disorder in which the patient’s own antibodies attack cartilage and connective tissue causing redness and swelling of the joints, especially the hands and feet
A
rheumatoid arthritis
15
Q
pain located at specific, hyperirritable trigger points in the muscles of the neck back or hips which are tender to the touch and feel firm
A
fibromylagia
16
Q
arm or leg muscle becomes progressively flexed and drawn into a position where it becomes nearly immovable from inactivity or paralysis
A
contracture
17
Q
pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve to the leg
A
sciatica
18
Q
degenerative condition of the spine where one vertebra moves anteriorly and slips out of proper aligment
A
spondylolithesis
19
Q
swelling and inflammation on a toe
A
bunion
20
Q
displacement of the end of a bone from its normal position within a joint
A
dislocation
21
Q
slight misalignment of the vertebrae
A
subluxation
22
Q
abnormal thinning of bone structure
A
osteoporosis
23
Q
softening of the bones through vitamin D deficiency
A
osteomalacia
24
Q
a type of joint which permits very little or no movement
A
synarthoses
25
a type of joint with free movement
diarthroses
26
surgical immobilization of a joint
arthrodesis
27
procedure to treat a spinal compression fracture where cement is injected to create an internal cast
kyphoplasty
28
suture of a muscle
myorraphy
29
repair of a tendon and muscle, usually for a hernia
tenomyoplasty
30
surgical fusion of the joints of the backbone
spondylosyndesis
31
ankle bone
malleolus
32
long bony blade on scapula
acromium
33
elbow bone
olecranun
34
shoulder joint
glenoid fossa
35
the gradual replacing of cartilage with bone that takes place during childhood and adolescence
ossification
36
name for growth plates at the end of long bones where new bone is formed as the body grows taller
epiphyseal growth plates
37
percent of skeleton that is broken down and rebuilt every year
10%
38
cells which break down areas of old or damaged bone
osteoclasts
39
cells which deposit new bone tissue
osteoblasts
40
cells which maintain and monitor the mineral content of the bone
osteocytes
41
spongy bone in the epiphyses of long bones which is filled with red bone marrow that makes blood cells
cancellous bone
42
dense, compact, weight bearing bone along the diaphysis or shaft of a long bone
cortical bone
43
the straight shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
44
one or two widened ends of a long bone
epiphysis
45
cavity within the shaft of a long bone which contains yellow bone marrow (fatty tissue)
medullary cavity
46
thick fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of a bone
periosteum
47
death of cells in the epiphysis of a long bone caused by an injury, fracture, or dislocation that damages nearby blood vessels or by a blood clot that interrupts blood supply of the bone
avascular necrosis
48
benign tumor of the bone
osteoma
49
cancerous tumor of the bone
osteosarcoma
50
cancerous bone tumor occurs mainly in young men
ewings sarcoma
51
benign tumor of cartilage
chondroma
52
abnormal softening of the patella because of thinning and uneven wear
chondromalacia patellae
53
broken bone
fracture
54
fracture caused by force or torsion during an accident or sports activity
stress fracture
55
fracture caused by a disease process such as osteoporosis, bone cancer, or mestases to the bone
pathological fracture
56
fracture which involves the epiphyseal plate of a bone and is a common injury found in children
salter-harris fracture
57
broken bone does not break through skin
closed fracture
58
broken bone breaks through skin
open fracture
59
broken bone remains in its normal alignment
nondisplaced fracture
60
broken bone is pulled out of its normal alignment
displaced fracture
61
distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand
colles fracture
62
bone is crushed into several small pieces
comminuted fracture
63
vertabrae are compressed together when a person falls on buttocks
compression fracture
64
cranium is fractured inward
depressed fracture
65
bone is broken only on one side
greenstick fracture
66
very thin fracture line with the bone pieces still together
hairline fracture
67
bone is broken on an angle
oblique fracture
68
bone is broken from a twisting force
spiral fracture
69
bone is broken straight across
transverse frature
70
abnormal softening of the bones due to a deficiency of vitamin D
osteomalacia
71
infection in the bone and bone marrow
osteomyelitis
72
abnormal thinning of the bone structure from demineralization
osteoporosis
73
chronic inflammation of the vertebrae that leads to fibrosis, fusion, and restriction of the movement of the spine
ankylosing spondylitis
74
humpback or hunchback
kyphosis
75
swayback
lordosis
76
abnormal curvature of the spine
scoliosis
77
degenerative condition of the spine in which one vertebra moves and slips out of alignment
spondylolisthesis
78
pain in the joint from injury, inflammation, or infection
athralgia
79
disease of a joint from any cause
arthropathy
80
displacement of the end of a bone from its normal position within a joint
dislocation
81
metabolic disorder usuallly in men where there is a high level of uric acid in the blood which causes sudden severe pain after uric acid moves from the blood into the soft tissues and forms tophi (crystals)
gout
82
blood in the joint cavity from blunt trauma or a penetrating wound
hemarthrosis
83
arthritis caused by a bacterium in the bite of an infected deer tick
lyme disease
84
chronic inflammatory disease of the joints which causes pain and stiffness
osteoarthritis
85
acute and chronic inflammatory disease of the connective tissue of the joints where the patients own antibodies attack cartilage and connective tissue
rheumatoid arthritis
86
overstretching or tearing of a ligament around a joint
sprain
87
tear of the cartilage pad of the knee because of an injury
torn meniscus
88
congenital deformity of the bony thorax in which the sternum is bent inward creating a hollow depression in the chest
pectus excavatum
89
knock-knee
genu valgum
90
bowleg
genu varum
91
deformity where the great toe is angled towards the other toes and often develops a bunion
hallux valgus
92
clubfoot
talipes equinovarus
93
blood test that shows an increased level of antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid factor
94
blood test that has an elevated level in patients with gout
uric acid
95
procedure that uses a radiopaque contrast dye injected in the joint which coats and outlines the bone ends and joint capsules and can be seen on an x-ray, CT, or MRI
arthrography
96
procedure that measures the bone mineral density to determine if demineralization from osteoporosis has occured
bone density tests
97
two types of bone density tests
DEXA (dual-energy x-ray absorpotiometry) and QCT (quantitative computerized tomography)
98
nuclear medicine procedure in which a phosphate compound is tagged with a radioactive tracer, injected, and taken up into the bone and measured by a gamma scintillation camera
bone scintigraphy
99
procedure in which manual manipulation of a displaced fracture is performed so the bone can go back in alignment without surgery and then a cast is applied
closed reduction
100
procedure in which sound waves produced outside the body are used to break up bone spurs
extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT)
101
procedure where the angle of a joint and its range of motion is measured
goniometry
102
orthopedic device such as a brace, splint, or collar that is used to immobilize a body part and keep it straight or correct an orthopedic problem
orthosis
103
procedure that uses exercises to improve a patients range of motion, joint mobility, strength, and balance
physical therapy
104
orthopedic device such as an artificial leg
prosthesis
105
procedure that uses a weight to pull the bone ends of a fracture into correct alignment
traction
106
procedure to remove all or part of an extremity
amputation
107
procedure to remove an accumulation of fluid from an injured joint by using a needle inserted into the joint space
athrocentesis
108
procedure to fuse the bones in a degenerated, unstable joint
athrodesis
109
procedure that uses a scope inserted into the joint to visualize structures
athroscopy
110
procedure that uses whole bone or bone chips to repair fractures with extensive bone loss or defects due to bone cancer
bone graft
111
bone graft which uses bone taken from the patients own body
autograft
112
bone graft which uses bone from a cadaver
allograft
113
procedure to remove the prominent part of the metatarsal bone that is causing a bunion in patients with hallux valgus
bunionectomy
114
procedure that replaces damaged cartilage as an alternative to a total knee replacement
cartilage transplantation
115
procedure to treat a complicated fracture where an orthopedic device with metal pins is inserted into the bone on either side of the fracture and connected to a metal frame to immobilize it
external fixation
116
procedure to replace a joint that has been destroyed where a metal or plastic joint prosthesis is inserted
joint replacement therapy
117
procedure to treat a complicated fracture where an incision is made to open the skin, the fracture is realigned, and an internal fixation procedure is done using screws, nails or plates
open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)
118
loss of muscle bulk in one or more muscles caused by lack of use or by malnutrition
atrophy
119
condition in which the muscle tears away from the tendon or the tendon tears away from the bone
avulsion
120
condition in which a severe blunt or crushing injury causes bleeding in the muscles of the leg and the fascia holds in the accumulating blood
compartment syndrome
121
condition where inactivity or paralysis can cause an arm or leg muscle to become progressively flexed and drawn into a position where it becomes nearly immovable
contracture
122
condition where pain is located at trigger points and are tender to the touch and firm
fibromyalgia
123
whiplash
hyperextension-hyperflexion injury
124
bruise
muscle contusion
125
sudden severe involuntary contraction of a muscle
muscle spasm
126
overstretching of a muscle
muscle strain
127
condition where a genetic mutation of a gene which lacks a muscle protein and muscles weaken and then atrophy beginning in early childhood
muscular dystrophy
128
pain in a muscle due to injury or muscle disease
myalgia
129
autoimmune disorder with abnormal and rapid fatigue of muscles of the face and drooping of the yelids
myasthenia gravis
130
category that includes many different diseases of the muscles
myopathy
131
inflammation of the muscle with localized swelling and tenderness caused by injury or strain
myositis
132
condition which occurs as a result of trauma caused by repetitive movements over an extended period of time
repetitive strain injury
133
benign tumor in a muscle
rhabdomyoma
134
cancerous tumor in a muscle
rhabdomyosarcoma
135
tear in the rotator muscles of the shoulder that surround the head of the humerus
rotator cuff tear
136
incoordination of the muscles during movement, particulary incoordination of the gait
ataxia
137
abnormally slow muscle movements
bradykinesia
138
abnormal motions that occur because of difficulty controlling voluntary muscle
dyskinesia
139
abnormally increased amount of muscle movements
hyperkinesis
140
uncomfortable restlessness and twitching of the leg muscles
restless leg syndrome
141
small involuntary sometimes jerky back and forth movements of the head hands jaw or extremeties
tremor
142
inflammation of the bursal sac, also called housemaids knee
bursitis
143
progressive disease in which the collagen fibers in the fascia in the palm of the hand become thickened and shortened
dupuytrens contracture
144
inflammation of the fascia around a muscle
fascitis
145
cyst that develops on a tendon
ganglion
146
overuse injury caused by repeated flexing of the wrist while the fingers tightly grasp
pitchers elbow
147
overuse injury common to athletes who run
shin splints
148
inflammation of any tendon from injury or overuse
tendinitis
149
overuse injury caused by repeated extension and supination of the wrist
tennis elbow
150
inflammation and pain due to overuse of a tendon and inability of the synovium to produce enough lubricating fluid
tenosynovitis
151
test that detects antibodies again its acetylcholine receptors and is used to diagnose myasthenia gravis
acetylcholine receptor antibody test
152
test that measure the level of serum CPK-MM and can indicate muscular dystrophy
creatine phosphokinase (CPK-MM)
153
procedure to diagnose muscle disease or nerve damage where a needle electrode is inserted into a muscle and records electrical activity as the muscle contracts and relaxes
electromyography (EMG)
154
procedure in which the drug edrophonium is given to confirm myasthenia gravis by showing increased muscle strength
edrophonium test
155
orthosis that supports and straightens a body part
brace
156
device which increases mobility and independence
adaptive device
157
procedure that tests whether the muscular-nervous pathway is functioning normally by tapping briskly on a tendon and causing in involuntary automation contraction of the muscle
deep tendon reflexes (DTR)
158
procedure used to test the motor strenght of certain muscle groups by having a patient push against the physicians hand
muscle strength test
159
physical therapy that includes exercises to increase muscle strength and improve coordination and balance
rehabilitation exercises
160
procedure to treat fibromyalgia where a local anesthetic and a corticosteroid drug are injected
trigger point injections
161
procedure to partially or totally remove the fascia that is causing dupuytrens contracture
fasciectomy
162
procedure to cut the fascia and release pressure from built-up blood and tissue fluid in a patient with compartment syndrome
fasciotomy
163
procedure to remove a ganglion from a tendon
ganglionectomy
164
procedure to diagnose muscle weakness where an incision in made and a piece of muscle tissue is removed and examined
muscle biopsy
165
procedure to suture together a torn muscle
myorrhaphy
166
procedure to suture together a torn tendon
tenorrhaphy
167
procedure to remove the thymus gland in a patient with myasthenia gravis
thymectomy
168
bending a joint to decrease the angle between two bones or body parts
flexion
169
straightening and extending a joint to increase the angle between two bones or two body parts
extension
170
moving a body part away from the midline of the body
abduction
171
moving a body part toward the midline of the body
adduction
172
moving a body part around its axis
rotation
173
turning the palm of the hand anteriorly or upward
supination
174
turning the palm of the hand posteriorly or downward
pronation
175
turning a body part outward and toward the side
eversion
176
turning a body part inward
inversion
177
-trophy
process of development
178
-physis
state of growing
179
-desis
procedure to fuse together
180
syn-
together
181
inter-
between
182
epicondyl/o
protuberance above or on the condyl of a long bone
183
-plasty
process of reshaping by surgery
184
-malacia
softening of the tissues
185
-ectomy
surgical removal
186
peri-
around
187
condyl/o
round bump on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone
188
olecran/o
bony point of the elbow
189
-plasia
formation
190
-listhesis
slipping
191
-centesis
procedure to puncture
192
dia-
complete; completely through
193
myel/o
bone marrow; myelin; spinal cord
194
spondyl/o
vertebra
195
ORIF
open reduction and internal fixation
196
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
197
TMJ
temporomandibular joint
198
DJD
degenerative joint disease
199
vertebrae in the neck
cervical C1-C7
200
vertebrae in the chest
thoracic T1-T12
201
vertebrae in the lower back
lumbar L1-L5
202
five fused vertebrae joined with the hip bones
sacral
203
tail bone vertebrae
coccygeal
204
ribs attached to the vertebrae posteriorly and the sternum anteriorly by costal cartilage
true ribs
205
ribs attached to the vertebrae posteriorly but only indirectly attached to the sternum by long lengths of costal cartilage
false ribs
206
ribs attached to the vertebrae posteriorly but not attached to the sternum
floating ribs
207
joint between two cranial bones that is immovable and contains no cartilage
suture joint
208
slightly movable joint with a cartilage pad or disk between the bones
symphasis joint
209
fully movable joint
synovial joint
210
synovial joint that allows motion in two directions
hinge joint
211
synovial joint that allows motion in many directions
ball-and-socket joint
212
scan which combines a series of x-ray images taken from different angles and uses computer processing to create cross-sectional images of the bones, blood vessels, and soft tissues inside your body
CT scan
213
bone density scan which is used to measure bone loss
DEXA scan
214
imaging scan to evaluate conditions of joints
arthrography
215
diagnostic procedure where electrical signals that cause muscles to contract are translated into graphs, sounds, or numerical values
electromyography (EMG)
216
scan where a magnetic field and radio waves create detailed images of the organs and tissues in your body
MRI
217
scan that uses sound waves to produce images on a screen which allows providers to view internal structures of the body
ultrasonography
