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nplex 2 raeforreal > Orthopedic Tests (DONE) > Flashcards

Orthopedic Tests (DONE) Flashcards

1
Q

Adam forward-bend test

A

Procedure: Standing, the pt bends forward at the waist w/ their knees straight. Examiner looks at the pt from behind.

Interpretation: Asymmetry of the spine indicates scoliosis.

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2
Q

Adson and Reverse Adson

A

Procedure: Pt seated/standing, w/ their elbow in full extension. Examiner abducts the pts arm 30° at the shoulder and maximally extended. Examiner palpates for the radial pulse. The pt then extends the neck and turns the head towards the symptomatic shoulder, and examiner asks pt to take a deep breath and hold it. Examiner evaluates the quality of the radial pulse.

Interpretation: The test is (+) if there is a marked decrease/disappearance of the radial pulse and indicates TOS (and compression of the subclavian artery either by hypertonic scalene or a rib).

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3
Q

Braggard test

A

Procedure: Pt supine, examiner lifts the straight leg passively into hip flexion until the pain occurs. Examiner then lowers the leg slightly below the pain threshold and
the foot then pulled into dorsiflexion.

Interpretation: Test is (+) if the pain that occurred at level of pain reoccurs when lowered and moved into dorsiflexion and indicates nerve involvement in the patient’s pain.

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4
Q

Bechterew test

A

Procedure: Pt sitting, the examiner instructs them to extend one leg at a time, while examiner applies a resistive pressure on the distal thigh. Followed by having the pt extend both legs, and same pressure is applied.

Interpretation: Presence of pain indicates a (+) test, or if the pt is unable to perform the test due to pain and indicates disc lesion or nerve root irritation.

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5
Q

Cervical spine compression

A

Procedure: Pt sitting, examiner instructs pt to laterally flex their head to the unaffected side. Examiner then applies an axial compression force through the top of the head. This is repeated on the affected site.

Interpretation: Reproduction of pain may indicate cervical radiculopathy.

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6
Q

Cervical spine distraction

A

Procedure: Pt supine, examiner places their hands either on the pts mastoid processes while standing at their head, or one hand on the forehead and the other on the occiput. Examiner then slightly flexes the patient’s neck and pulls the head towards their torso, applying a distraction force.

Interpretation: The test is (+) when the pts sx are reduced w/ traction and indicating the presence of cervical radiculopathy.

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7
Q

Elevated arm stress test (Roos)

A

Procedure: Pts arms in 90-degree abduction-external rotation position with shoulders and elbows in the frontal plane of the chest. Pt is instructed to
open and close their hands slowly for 3 minutes.

Interpretation: In the presence of TOS, the pt may note gradual increase in pain at the neck and shoulder progressing down the arm, paresthesia in forearms and fingers, reproduction of usual sx that involve the entire extremity, or: Arterial compression: arm pallor with arm elevated reactive hyperemia when limb lowered. Venous compression: cyanosis and swelling. Inability to complete test, and pt drops arms as usual symptoms present.

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8
Q

Hoover test

A

Procedure: Pt supine, the examiner cups one hand under the calcaneus of the pts opposite foot as the pt attempts to lift their leg off the table.

Interpretation: If the pt is genuinely trying to raise their leg, the examiner should feel a downward pressure on the calcaneus. An absence of this downward pressure indicates malingering.

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9
Q

Hyperabduction test (Wrights)

A

Procedure: Seated/standing. Pt looks forward, with examiner bringing their arm into abduction and external rotation to 90 degrees without tilting the head. The elbow is flexed no more than 45 degrees, and the arm is held for 1 minute. Examiner measures and monitors the radial pulse and sx onset. Test is repeated with the extremity in hyperabduction (end range).

Interpretation: The test is (+) if there is a decrease in the radial pulse and/or reproduction of the patient’s symptoms. The pulse disappearing indicates thoracic outlet syndrome.

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10
Q

Kemp test

A

Procedure: Pt seated/standing, examiner flexes the opposite ilium from the side being tested with one hand. The other hand is used to grasp the shoulder from the pt, and leads the pt into extension, ipsilateral side bending, and rotation. The position is maintained for 3 seconds.

Interpretation: The test is (+) if the pt reports pain, numbness, or tingling in the back or lower extremities (on the side being tested). Local pain likely indicates facet cause, while radiating pain is more suggestive of nerve root irritation.

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11
Q

Lindner test

A

Procedure: Used to assess for low back pain. Pt supine, examiner stands behind the pt, enforcing a head, neck, and lumbar flexion (placing pt in large C-shaped curve).

Interpretation: Aggravation or reproduction of radicular pain is indicative of nerve compression.

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12
Q

Milgram test

A

Procedure: Used to assess for low back pain. Pt supine, examiner stands behind the pt, enforcing a head, neck, and lumbar flexion (placing pt in large C-shaped curve).

Interpretation: Aggravation or reproduction of radicular pain is indicative of nerve compression.

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13
Q

Minor test

A

Interpretation: If the pt shifts their weight to the non-painful extremity, it may indicate lumbosacral involvement as a source of their pain.

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14
Q

Shoulder depression test

A

Procedure: Examiner laterally flexes the pts head to one side, while applying a downward pressure to the opposite shoulder.

Interpretation: The test is (+) if the pt experiences increased pain to either side. Pain to the compressed side indicates compression of nerve roots, foraminal encroachment (osteophytes). Pain to the stretched side indicates adhesion surrounding the dural sleeves of the nerve on the stretched side.

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15
Q

Soto-Hall test

A

Procedure: Pt supine. Examiner flexes pts neck, in an attempt to touch their chin to their chest to assess for cervical spine injury.

Interpretation: A “lightning-like” pain with neck flexion indicates injury of the cervical spine.

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16
Q

Straight leg raise (Lasegue)

A

Procedure: Pt supine. Examiner lifts pts leg 30-70 degrees w/ the knee in extension.

Interpretation: Emergence of pain radiating down the same leg, below the knee, indicates lumbar nerve root impingement.

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17
Q

Valsalva test for spinal compression

A

Procedure: The pt is asked to take a normal, deep breath and bear down for 10-15 seconds.

Interpretation: The test is (+) with radicular pain in the upper or lower limb in neurological conditions.

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18
Q

Vertebral artery test

A

Procedure: Pt sitting, examiner instructs pt to rotate their head to tested side maximally and instructed to hold for 10 seconds. Pt then instructed to extend for another 10 seconds. Patient then asked to return to neutral. The test should be repeated on the other side.

Interpretation: The test is (+) if any of the following symptoms are present: Dizziness, diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, drop attacks, nausea and vomiting, sensory changes, or nystagmus and indicates involvement of the vertebral artery to patient’s symptoms.

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19
Q

Apley Scratch test

A

Procedure: Used to assess ROM of shoulders; Pt is asked to reach behind the head to touch the superior aspect of the
opposite scapula (abduction and external rotation).

Interpretation: The test is (+) if pain, side asymmetry appears, and/or limited ROM occur.

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20
Q

Drop-arm (Codmans)

A

Procedure: Pt sitting. Examiner abducts the arm past 90 degrees and instructs the pt to lower the arm slowly.

Interpretation: If pt is unable to lower the arm slowly or it drops suddenly, it may indicate a rotator cuff tear, usually of the supraspinatus.

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21
Q

Glenohumeral apprehension (posterior/anterior)

A

Procedure: Pt supine, examiner flexes the pts elbow to 90 degrees and abducts the shoulder to 90 degrees, maintaining neutral rotation. Examiner then slowly
applies external rotation to the arm to 90 degrees.

Interpretation: Apprehension from the pt (not pain) is considered a (+) test for GH instability, however pain with the maneuver (not apprehension) may indicate impingement of the rotator cuff.

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22
Q

Hawkins-Kennedy test

A

Procedure: Examiner places the pts arm in 90-degree flexion and flexes elbow to 90 degrees. Examiner places one hand on the pts distal lower arm, while the other hand is placed under the elbow. The pts lower arm is internally rotated like a clock hand,resulting in internal rotation of the shoulder

Interpretation: Pain during internal rotation is a non-specific indication of impingement syndrome.

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23
Q

Lippman test

A

Procedure: Pt sitting w/ elbow flexed to 90 degrees. Examiner stabilizes the elbow with one hand and palpates the biceps tendon with the other, moving it from side to side within the bicipital groove.

Interpretation: Pain indicates bicipital tendinitis. Apprehension may indicate a subluxation or dislocation of the tendon out of the groove or a rupture of the transverse humeral ligament.

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24
Q

Neer test

A

Procedure: Examiner places the pts arm in the internal rotation position and uses the hand to stabilize the patient’s scapula. Using the other hand, the examiner raises the pts arm and moves it in a scapular range of motion.

Interpretation: Pain during flexion between 90-120 degrees (+ Neer test) and pain reduction in external rotation is a non-specific indication of impingement syndrome.

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25
Q

Speed test

A

Procedure: Examiner slightly abducts pts arm with elbow at 90 degrees flexion and the forearm supinated. The pt is asked to bend the elbow against the examiner’s resistance.

Interpretation: Inability to flex the elbow against resistance or the occurrence of pain (+ test) indicates pathologies of the long head of the bicep’s tendon and/or
SLAP lesions.

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26
Q

Yergason test

A

Procedure: Pts elbow flexed 90 degrees, examiner grasps the pts arm above the elbow and the wrist. The pt actively attempts to supinate the forearm and to flex the elbow against resistance.

Interpretation: Pain while flexing the elbow against resistance (+ test) indicates biceps tendon inflammation (concomitant biceps tendonitis commonly occurs in pts with rotator cuff inflammation) or instability.

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27
Q

Cozen and Reverse Cozen

A

Procedure: Pt makes a fist, deviates the wrist radially, and extends it against examiner resistance from a neutral position, while the examiner stabilizes the elbow and palpates the lateral epicondyle with their thumb. Reverse cozen is done with wrist deviated ulnarly, and stabilization of the medial epicondyle.

Interpretation: Emergence of pain in the area of the lateral epicondyle indicates lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow). Reverse cozen is positive with pain at medial epicondyle indicating medial epicondylitis (golfer’s elbow)

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28
Q

Finkelstein test

A

Procedure: Examiner grasps the patient’s affected thumb and exerts longitudinal traction across the palm of the hand towards the ulnar side.

Interpretation: Pain in the thumb indicates de Quervain tenosynovitis.

29
Q

Mill and Reverse Mill

A

Procedure: Examiner fully extends the pts elbow, flexes the wrist, and pronates the forearm with one hand while palpating the lateral epicondyle with the other hand.

Interpretation: Emergence of pain around the lateral epicondyle indicates lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)

30
Q

Phalen test

A

Procedure: Examiner flexes the pts wrist to 90 degrees and holds it for 1 minute.

Interpretation: Paresthesia in the areas innervated by the median nerve indicates carpal tunnel syndrome.

31
Q

Retinacular test

A

Procedure: Examiner holds the MCP joint in an extended position and then passively flexes the PIP making note of the available range. Test is then repeated with the MCP joint in flexion.

Interpretation: If no change in motion is detected between the 2 tests, this indicates capsular restriction at the PIP joint is implicated. If the motion increases when the MCP joint is flexed, then lumbrical muscle tightness is implicated.

32
Q

Tinel test (wrist)

A

Procedure: Examiner taps the area over the examinee’s carpal canal.

Interpretation: Shooting pain and/or tingling in the areas innervated by the median nerve suggest carpal tunnel
syndrome.

33
Q

Valgus stress (elbow)

A

Procedure: Examiner cups the posterior aspect of the pts elbow with one hand and holds their wrist with the other. The examiner then forces the forearm laterally (valgus stress) to assess at 0, 30, and 90 degrees of elbow flexion.

Interpretation: The test is (+) if the pt experiences pain, or if the examiner feels medical joint gapping and may indicate a sprain of the medial collateral ligament.

34
Q

Varus stress (elbow)

A

Procedure: Examiner cups the posterior aspect of the pts elbow with one hand and holds their wrist with the other, forces the forearm medially (varus stress)

Interpretation: The test is (+) if the pt experiences pain or laxity in the lateral joint of the elbow and may indicate lateral collateral ligament pathology.

35
Q

Ely test

A

Procedure: Pt prone, with legs extended and relaxed. Examiner stands at the side of the bed of the leg in which is to be tested. One hand placed on lower back, the other is holding the leg at the heel. Examiner passively flexes the knee in rapid fashion, and the heel should
touch the glute. Repeat B/L.

Interpretation: Test is considered (+) if the hip on the ipsilateral side spontaneously flexes and may indicate rectus femoris muscle contracture or femoral nerve irritation if radicular symptoms are present.

36
Q

Fabere (Patrick) test

A

Procedure: Flexion, abduction, external rotation; the pt supine, while
examiner sequentially performs passive hip flexion, abduction, and external rotation so that the pts legs are in a figure-4. After performing the final movement, examiner gently pushes down on the knee of the folded leg.

Interpretation: Emergence of pain in the hip or SI joint indicates pathology in the corresponding structure.

37
Q

Gaenslen test

A

Procedure: Pt supine, leg not being tested is kept in extension while the tested leg is brought to maximal flexion. Examiner places one hand on the anterior thigh of the non-tested leg and the other hand on the knee of the tested leg to apply a flexion overpressure.

Interpretation: Test is considered (+) if low back pain is produced and indicates pain originating from the SI joint.

38
Q

Hibb test

A

Procedure: Pt prone, the knee is flexed to 90 degrees and the examiner internally rotates the hip by pulling the ankle laterally while stabilizing the SI joint.

Interpretation: The test is (+) if there is pain or reduced mobility at the SI joint and is indicative of SI joint or ligament pathology.

39
Q

Nachlas test

A

Procedure: Pt is prone. The examiner passively flexes the knee, bringing the heel towards the buttocks.

Interpretation: The test is (+) if pain is felt in the lumbar, glute, or posterior thigh and is indicative of lumbar or femoral nerve root pathology.

40
Q

Ober test

A

Procedure: Pt is side lying, with the affected hip up. Examiner abducts the leg and flexes the knee to 90 degrees. While keeping the hip joint in neutral position, the examiner releases the leg.

Interpretation: Under normal circumstances, the thigh should drop to the adducted position. If the thigh remains abducted when the leg is released, it indicates contracture of the IT band.

41
Q

Ortolani click

A

Procedure: Examiner’s hand placed over the child’s knees with their thumbs on medial thigh, and fingers placing a gentle upward stress on lateral thigh and greater trochanter area.

Interpretation: With slow abduction, a dislocated and reducible hip will reduce with a described palpable “clunk”

42
Q

Pelvic rock test

A

Procedure: Pt side lying, with the hips and knees bent for stability. Examiner places one hand over another and places it on the pts ilium. Using their body weight, examiner applies a compressive force directed through the ilium towards the floor.

Interpretation: A (+) test is one which either reproduces the pain, or is localized to either SI joint, suggesting an SI sprain, mechanism dysfunction, or pathological lesion.

43
Q

Telescoping test

A

Procedure: Examiner applies traction to the femur with one hand at the level of the knee and uses the other hand to stabilize the pelvis and placing thumb on the greater trochanter. The trochanter should displace distally when traction is applied to the femur and return to its previous position.

Interpretation: An abnormal movement of the trochanter is consistent with telescoping and indicates congenital hip dislocation.

44
Q

Thomas test

A

Procedure: Pt supine with the pelvis level and square to their trunk. Examiner stabilizes the pelvis by placing their hand under the lumbar spine, and passively flexes the pts opposite hip joint.

Interpretation: if a flexion contracture is present, the ipsilateral leg bends independently as a reflex response.

45
Q

Trendelenburg test

A

Procedure: Pt standing, examiner stands behind the pt and observes the dimples overlying the PSIS. The examiner then instructs the pt to stand on one leg. Normally, the gluteus medius on the supporting leg should contract as soon as the other leg leaves the ground, to prevent the unsupported hip from dropping and causing instability.

Interpretation: The pelvis should elevate on the supported side. If (+), the pelvis on the unsupported side remains in the same position or descends and indicates a weak or non-functioning gluteus medius on the supported side.

46
Q

Yeoman’s test

A

Procedure: Pt prone, and the examiner flexes pts knee to 90 degrees and extends the hip off the table.

Interpretation: The test is considered (+) if there is pain in the SI joint (pathology in the anterior sacroiliac ligaments), lumbar region (lumbar involvement), or anterior thigh paresthesia (femoral nerve irritation).

47
Q

Anterior/Posterior Drawer sign (knee)

A

Anterior:
* Procedure: Pt supine with hips flexed 45° and knees flexed to 90°. The examiner sits on the pts feet to secure them in place, holds the leg at the upper 1/3 of calf with both hands, and pushes leg
forward.
* Interpretation: Laxity at the endpoint represents a (+) test; positive anterior drawer test indicates anterior cruciate ligament tear. Increased anterior tibial gliding (compared to the opposite knee) and a soft endpoint indicate an ACL tear

Posterior:
* Procedure: Pt supine with hips flexed 45° and knees flexed to 90°. The examiner sits on the pts feet to secure them in place, holds the leg at the upper 1/3 of calf with both hands, and pushes leg
forward.

  • Interpretation: Laxity at the endpoint represents a (+) test; a positive posterior drawer test indicates posterior cruciate ligament injury.
48
Q

Apley compression test (knee)

A

Procedure: Pt prone and flexes their knee to 90°. The examiner holds the thigh in place with one hand, grasps the foot with the other hand and pulls/pushes on the foot while internally and externally
rotating the tibia.

Interpretation: Rotation plus distraction more painful or shows increased rotation relative to the other side, the examiner should suspect ligamentous injury compared to compression.

49
Q

Apley Distraction test (knee)

A

Procedure: Pt prone and flexes their knee to 90°. The examiner holds the thigh in place with one hand, grasps the foot with the other hand and pulls/pushes on the foot while internally and externally
rotating the tibia.

Interpretation: Pain during external rotation is a sign of medial meniscus injury. Pain during internal rotation is a sign of lateral meniscus injury. Pain on pulling the foot is a sign of injury to the capsule and ligaments of the knee joint. Pain on pushing down the foot is a sign of meniscal injury.

50
Q

Bulge test (minor effusion)

A

Procedure: Examiner applies pressure about the patella to milk fluid from
the suprapatellar pouch and then applies pressure behind the lateral margin of the patella.

Interpretation: The appearance of a bulge on the medial aspect of the knee indicates the presence of knee joint
effusion.

51
Q

Lachman’s test

A

Procedure: Pt supine and flexes the knee 20-30° with the heel of the foot resting on the examining table. The examiner stabilizes the femur and moves the proximal tibia anteriorly.

Interpretation: Excessive anterior movement indicates anterior cruciate ligament tear. Most sensitive test for ACL tear. Increased tibial anterior gliding (compared to the opposite knee) and a soft endpoint indicate an ACL tear.

52
Q

McMurray’s test

A

Procedure: Pt supine. Examiner holds pts knee in one hand and palpates joint spaces while holding their ankle in the other. Examiner brings the pts knee to maximal flexion. For medial meniscus tear – examiner performs external rotation of the tibia and applies valgus stress while extending the knee. For lateral meniscus tear – examiner performs internal rotation of the tibia and applies varus stress while extending the knee.

Interpretation: Pain on palpation; palpable or audible pop/click with maneuvers.

53
Q

Patellar apprehension test

A

Procedure: Pt spine, knee is flexed to 30° or knee in full extension. Examiner applies pressure from medial patella (patella is forced laterally by medial pressure). Pt tightens quadriceps muscle.

Interpretation: (+) test is painful, pt may refuse to do this in anticipation of pain; (+) in patellofemoral syndrome, patellar subluxation (recent acute knee injury) or lateral patellofemoral instability.

54
Q

Patellar ballottement test

A

Procedure: Pt supine with knee extended. Examiner uses one hand
to push from the thigh to move any fluid into the knee, and with other hand
gently taps the patella.

Interpretation: (+) when floating or bouncing of the patella occurs and is indicative of knee joint effusion. Always compare bilaterally.

55
Q

Patella femoral grind test (including Clark test)

A

Procedure: Pt supine or long-sitting with the involved knee extended. Examiner places the web space of their hand just superior to the patella while applying pressure. The pt is instructed to
gradually contract the quadriceps muscle.

Interpretation: A (+) sign is pain in the
patellofemoral joint and indicates the presence of patellofemoral joint disorder.

56
Q

Valgus stress test (knee)

A

Procedure: Pt supine with knee flexed to 30°. The examiner holds the pts ankle with one hand and uses the other to apply
pressure to the medial aspect of the knee joint (valgus stress).

Interpretation: Laxity at the endpoint is interpreted as a (+)test. A (+) valgus stress test indicates medial collateral ligament injury.

57
Q

Varus stress test (knee)

A

Procedure: Pt supine with knee flexed to 30°. The examiner holds the pts ankle with on hand and uses the other to apply
pressure to the lateral aspect of the knee joint (varus stress).

Interpretation: Laxity at the endpoint is interpreted as a (+) test. A (+) varus stress test indicates lateral collateral ligament injury.

58
Q

Anterior/Posterior drawer (ankle)

A

Anterior:
* Procedure: Pt supine/sitting, the examiner stabilizes the anterior lower leg with one hand and grasps the calcaneus with the other. The examiner then moves the pts foot into 10–15-degree plantar flexion and translates the rear foot anteriorly.
* Interpretation: If the talus translates forward, this indicates a (+) test and indicates ligamentous laxity or instability of the ankle, originating from the anterior talofibular ligament.

Posterior:
* Procedure: Pt supine and knee slightly flexed, the examiner holds the ankle joint at 10-15 degrees of plantar flexion, with one hand on the heel and other hand stabilizing the tibia anteriorly. The examiner then moves the foot posteriorly at the ankle joint while continuing to hold the tibia with the other hand.
* Interpretation: Test is (+) if the talus moves posteriorly and rotates medially, indicating an injury to the posterior talofibular or calcaneofibular ligaments.

59
Q

Dorsiflexion test

A

Procedure: Pt seated/supine, the examiner flexes the knee and attempts to dorsiflex the ankle. Test is then repeated with the extended knee.

Interpretation: A (+) test is observed when ankle dorsiflexes only with the knee flexed (gastrocnemius hypertonicity) or inability for ankle to dorsiflex (soleus hypertonicity)

60
Q

Forefoot adduction test

A

Procedure: The examiner analyzes pts feet from a supine position, assessing for excessive adduction. Test only performed in infants.

Interpretation: Inability to move feet into neutral position indicates a (+) test.

61
Q

Motron’s test (forefoot) squeeze)

A

Procedure: The examiner grasps the medial and lateral aspects of the forefoot
and squeezes without increasing the concavity of the transverse arch.

Interpretation: Reproduction of characteristic pain may indicate a Morton’s neuroma between metatarsal bones in the intermetatarsal plantar digital nerve.

62
Q

Talar tilt test

A

Procedure: Pt supine/sitting, the examiner stabilizes the distal leg in neutral, and inverts the ankle, analyzing the amount of inversion present.

Interpretation: The amount of inversion is graded on a 4-point scale of 0-3 (0= no laxity, 3 = gross laxity) and high laxity/ increased inversion indicating an injury to the lateral ligaments of the ankle.

63
Q

Test for rigid or supple flat feet

A

Procedure: Pt standing with feet flat on the ground and weight-bearing, examiner examines the arches of the feet, asks the pt to stand on toes, and while in seated position.

Interpretation: A (+) result (arch formation) results from flat foot being flexible, while a negative result (no arch formation) results in flat foot being rigid. Rigid flat foot: arch absent in standing, standing on toes, and seated. Supple flat foot: arch absent only while standing.

64
Q

Gastrocnemius-soleus squeeze test (Thompson)

A

Procedure: Ptprone with foot over the edge of the examination table, the examiner squeezes the calf muscle (gastrocnemius-soleus complex) with their hand.

Interpretation: Squeezing the calf should cause contraction of the Achilles tendon, resulting in plantar flexion. If ruptured, there will be no observed plantar flexion.

65
Q

Tibial torsion test

A

Procedure: Tibial torsion is measured by having the pt seated with the knees flexed to 90 degrees over the examination table in a relaxed position and asked to dorsiflex. The examiner places the thumb of one hand over the apex of one malleolus, and the index finger on the apex of the other. The examiner then visualizes the axes of the knee and ankle.

Interpretation: Normal position is 13-18 degrees, pigeon toe is below 13 degrees, out-toe is above 18 degrees.

66
Q

Reduction Click (Thessaly test) (knee)

A

Procedure: Pt stands flat footed on one leg while the examiner supports the patient by holding their outstretched hands. The pt then flexes the knee to 5° and rotates the femur on the tibia medially and laterally 3 times, while maintaining the 5° flexion. The uninjured leg is tested first so the pt may be trained with regard to how to keep the knee in the flexed position. The test is then repeated at 20° flexion.

Interpretation: The test is considered (+) for a meniscus tear if the patient experiences medial or lateral joint line discomfort or a sense of locking/catching of the knee.

67
Q

Homan’s Sign

A

Procedure: Pt seated/supine, and knee actively extended, the examiner raises the pts leg straight to 10 degrees, then passively and abruptly dorsiflexes the foot and squeezes the calf with the other hand.

Interpretation: Deep calf pain and tenderness may indicate the presence of a DVT with abrupt passive dorsiflexion.

68
Q

Rotational stress test (foot)

A

Procedure: Pt supine/seated, the examiner maintains ankle dorsiflexion and externally rotates the foot on a stabilized leg.

Interpretation: Recreation of pain in the area over the interosseous membrane indicates a (+) test and may indicate a high ankle sprain.

nplex 2 raeforreal (27 decks)

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