Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Surgery Lectures > Orthopaedics Part 1 > Flashcards

Orthopaedics Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which condition is associated with Lost of Joint spcae ?

A

Osteoarthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the acronym for osteoarthritis in the xray ?

A

L oss of joint space
O steophytes
S ubchondral cysts
S ubchondral sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the first line management for osteoarthritis ?

A

Weight Loss (Check BMI)
Analgesia( Paracetamol, Topical NSAIDs)
Physio refferal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the secondline management for osteoarthritis ?

A

Steroid Injection
(Intricately Knee injection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the third line injection?

A

Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What kind of surgeries do you do for osteoarthritis ?

A

Partial Knee replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

osteoarthritis of the hip ?

A

It is a degenerative joint disease characterised by loss of articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the RF of Hip osteoarthritis ?

A

Age
Obesity
Female
Vitamin D Deficiency
Post Traumatic pain to the hip
Anatomic Abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens after a facture of a bone ? Will bone ever be the same ?

A

NO !

When you break a bone Post traumatic arthritis is very common after fracture, therefore the bone will heal by time but it won’t be the same.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the Clinical Features of hip osteoarthritis ?

A
  • Groin pain aggravated by weight bearing & improves with rest
  • Stiffness with crepitus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are you looking for in hx of pts with Hip osteoarthritis ?

A
  • Back Pain
  • difficulty in crossing one leg over the other
  • difficulty in bending down to cut the toe nails
  • Antalgic Gait
    *
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do you look in the examination of someone with hip osteoarthritis ?

A
  • Pain & Stiffness while doing internal & external rotation
  • loss in range of movement
  • Antalgic Gait (abnormal walking)
  • Passive movement is painful (carried by another person)
  • Ask the pt to stand on one leg because they’re putting more weight through that leg & if it hurts that’s also an indication of probloem with the hip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to the people in later stage with hip osteoarthritis ?

A

Fixed Flextion deformity & Trendelenberg’s gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pt 1

70,M, Fall, Interpret the X-ray?

A
  • Osteoarthritis - most common form, classified into primary and secondary which present with loss of function & joint pain.
  • O/E - joint pain, stiffness, locomotor restriction ( restriction in the movement of the limbs)
  • Pain relates to activity & improved by rest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Primary Osteoarthiritis?

A

Primary occurs on its own with no known cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Secondary Osteoarthritis ?

A

Secondary occurs due to another underlying cause including injury, abnormality ( infectious arthritis

17
Q

Pt 2

60yr M, attends primary care complaining of right knee pain & swelling following gardening over the weekend.

On O/E, can actively perform knee flextion & extension but **limited with knee flextion due to swelling. **

Red Flag ?
Diagnosis ?
Key to differentiate in this situation ?

A
  • Pyrexic
  • Pain on active & passive would be concerning

Diagnosis is Bursitis

18
Q

What is Non-specific arthritis and Septic arthritis ?

A
19
Q

What is Septic arthritis ?

A
  • an infection of a joint
  • Symtpoms include pain, tendorness over a joint, pain on moving a joint, feeling unwell
  • Urgent treatment required
  • Local cellulitis
20
Q

Management of septic arthritis ?

A

Antibiotics
Physiotherapy once the infection is healed

21
Q

When would you arrange urgent admission ?

A

When the pt is systemically unwell, pyrexia of 38 degree, hypotensive, tachycardic, evidence of severe infection, immunocomprimised or has developed an abscess

When they have high temp and septic, bp drops and heart rate increases so it compensate

22
Q

When would you refer to Orthopaedics urgently ?

A

If septic arthritis which has not responded to abx

23
Q

What is Knee Bursitis ?

A

Inflammation within bursa,

24
Q

What is Bursa ?

A

A small sac of fluid within a thin lining found around joints and where ligaments & tendons pass over the bones

25
Q

What is the function of bursa?

A

To reduce friction and allow maximum ROM around joints

26
Q

What is housemaids knee ?

A

Prepatellar bursa

27
Q

What are the causes of knee Bursitis ?

A
  • Fall/direct blow,
  • recurrent minor injury
  • infection
  • increased risk and Gout
28
Q

What are the symtoms of knee bursitis ?

A
  • Swelling and Pain
  • erythema
  • reduced range of motion (ROM)
29
Q

What is the management of knee bursitis ?

A

Rest
ice packs
NSAIDS

IV abx only if the pts are systemically unwell

30
Q

What is Greator Tronchantric Bursitis ?

A
  • common and painful condition which affects the outer side of the hip and thigh
  • also called as Lateral hip pain due to inflammation of bursa
31
Q

Where is the pain felt for the Greater Tronchantric Bursitis ?

A

can irritate the illotibial band and the pain extends down lateral aspect of the thigh

32
Q

What are the risk factors of Greater Tronchantric Bursitis ?

A

Females
age 40-60
overweight/obese

33
Q

How do you clinically differentiate someone with back pain but also lateral hip pain & what would they mention in history?

A
  • The pain radiates but does not typically extend below the knee
  • When you examine the pts around the hip joint they’ll jump cuz of the pain
  • They mention tendor on palpation of the Greator tronchantor

They irritate the IT band that’s the reason for the reffered pain

34
Q

What is the symptom of Greater Tronchantric Bursitis ?

A
  • Worse laying down in the affected side
  • Walking up the stairs
  • standing from sitting
    *
35
Q

What is the treatment for Greator Trochantric Bursitis ?

A

If felt tendor on palpation - Ultrasound
If evidence of bursitis - Injection

Surgery Lectures (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions