Orthopaedics

Question 1

GE OM ED

Answer 1

Giant cell tumor - Epiphysis, Osteosarcoma - Metaphysis, Ewing sarcoma - Diaphysis

Question 2

OSteosarcoma vs Ewings Systemic symptoms

Answer 2

Systemic symptoms generally absent in OSteosarcoma, maybe present in Ewings

Question 3

Homan’s sign

Answer 3

Calf swelling + Homan’s sign (Pain when the ankle is dorsiflexed). Seen in DVT > popliteal cyst ruptures.

Question 4

one, two – buckle my shoe, three, four – kick the door, five, six – pick up sticks, seven, eight – shut the gate

One-two, buckle my shoe. Three-four, kick the door. Five-six, pick up sticks. Seven-eight, lay them straight.

Answer 4

Explanation - https://www.baronerocks.com/index.php/mnemonics/mnemonics-anatomy/482-barone-memonic-stretch-reflex

Question 5

L4, L5, S1weakness

Answer 5

L4 - weakness knee jerk, L5 - weakness big toe dorsiflexion, S1 - weakness plantar flexion

Question 6

Femoral artery bleed

Answer 6

Hypotensive, absence of proximal and distal pulses. Femur fracture-femoral artery bleed.

Question 7

Saphenous vein bleed

Answer 7

Open wound, clear blood loss.

Question 8

Posterior tibial artery supplies

Answer 8

Posterior compartment of leg and plantar of foot

Question 9

SUFE - Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis

Answer 9

S- Shortened affected limb
U- Unable to abduct the affected limb
F- Flexed hip will rotate externally
E- External rotation of the thigh. Cannot rotate internally.
**Pain may be acute, sometimes chronic for weeks.

Question 10

Toddler’s fracture

Answer 10

-Spiral fracture
-Twisting injury from tripping or falling
-May not be seen in X-ray
-Not walking after fall
-Mid shin tenderness
-Analgesia, and then review in OP clinic in 2 weeks.

Question 11

Knee injury popping and locking + other points

Answer 11

read comments on SS 1002 and GEMS topics

Question 12

The radial artery is a branch of?. This explains why absent radial pulse in supracondylar # humerus

Answer 12

The radial artery is one of two continuations of the brachial artery, the other being the ulnar artery. Question OP 1018

Question 13

Fingers

Answer 13

See comments OR 3570

Question 14

Nerve affected

Answer 14

See comments OR 1352

Question 15

Tests for knee injury

Answer 15

See comments OR 4100

Question 16

Nerve root and movement

Answer 16

See comments CS 3290

Question 17

OA vs RA

Answer 17

See explanation OR 4160 and comments

Question 18

Fracture NOF vs Ant/Post hip dislocations - LEG

Answer 18

Fracture NOF: Shortened and EXTernally rotated; can’t bear weight
Ant hip dislocation: Shortened and EXTernally rotated; aBducted
Post hip dislocation: Shortened and INTernally rotated; aDducted

Question 19

Skeletal Survey vs Bone Scan vs Dexa

Answer 19

Bone scan a/k/a Skeletal Scintigraphy a/k/a Bone Scintigraphy - nuclear medicine scan (radioactive material taken up by osteoblast cells that build bone) - look at unusual bone rebuilding activity such as for bone metastasis

Skeletal survey - multiple myeloma, suspected non-accidental injury in children

DEXA - fragility #, osteoporosis

Question 20

Olecranon Bursitis

Answer 20

Q CS 4350

Question 22

Laxity to Varus stress Vs Valgus

Answer 22

Laxity to varus stress - lateral collateral ligament
Laxity to valgus stress - MCL ligament