Orthopaedics

Question 1

X-ray mnemonic

Answer 1

OLD ACID
Open/closed
Location/site
Degree Complete/incomplete
Articulation involvement?
Comminution- simple/wedge, multi-fragmentary, obliqu, spiral, spiral wedge
Intrinsic bone quality
Displacement/anglulation/rotation

Type - traumatic, stress/pathological

Question 2

Fracture types

Answer 2

Simple transverse, wedge, oblique, spiral, spiral wedge

Question 3

Issues with wedge fracture

Answer 3

Poor blood supply

Question 4

Important in examination?

Answer 4

Neurovascular supply, open, swelling

Question 5

Types of fracture healing

Answer 5

Primary and secondary

Question 6

Secondary bone healing

Answer 6

Relative Stability, inflammatory phase, reparative phase - soft callus - hard callus - neovascularisation - woven bone forms - , remodelling

Question 7

Primary bone healing

Answer 7

Absolute stability, rigid fixation, requires good blood supply, little or no callus formation

Question 8

Fracture reduction

Answer 8

Open, MUA (manipulation under anaesthesia)

Question 9

Internal fixation tpes

Answer 9

Plates (tension band, buttress, compression), screws, k-wires, IM devices

Question 10

Indications for internal fixation

Answer 10

open fracture

Neurovascular compromise

Question 11

Local complications of fracture

Answer 11

AVN, chronic regional pain syndrome, myositis ossificans