Orthopaedic Injuries Flashcards
Name the 3 types of muscles and where they are found
Skeletal- striated
Smooth- tubes
Cardiac- heart
Skeletal tissue is attached to bone by what? Auto or voluntary?
Attached by tendon
Voluntary muscles
Definition of Fracture
Break in continuity of bone
Fracture that breaks skin is known as what?
Open(Compound) Fracture
What is the difference between displaced and non-displaced fracture?
Displaced = visual deformity
Non-displaced = simple crack, hairline
Transverse Fracture
Straight across bone
Incomplete Fracture
Not completely through bone
Linear Fracture
Up and down bone shaft
Comminuted Fracture
Broken in more than 2 fragments
Epiphyseal Plate fracture
Growth plate on child’s bone
Oblique Fracture
Angle break across bone
Spiral Fracture
Break through and around, long spiral shape
Greenstick Fracture
Bone isn’t completely fractured but splinters
Pathological Fracture
Weakened diseased bone, doesn’t need a lot of pressure to break.
Signs of a fracture
Crepitus(grinding), swelling, tenderness,locked joint and false motion(going wrong way)
Definition of dislocation
Signs
Bone ends are no longer in contact
Can spontaneously reduce
Deformity, numbness, impaired circulation, loss of regular joint movement
Definition of Sprain
Signs
Joint twisted/stretched beyond range of motion
Pain and swelling very prominent
Definition of Strain
Signs
Stretching or muscle causing tearing
Can cause serious long term damage if not treated
No deformity, minimal swelling at sign of injury
General principles of splinting
Remove clothing from extremity, Assess CMS, suspected fracture =stabilize below and above injured joint(complete immobilization)
Fracture of long-bone shaft that causes deformity =
Constant, general manual traction to align limb
If there is no pulse when checking a pulse of a fracture what should you do?
Try to align to get pulse back(two attempts) if it doesn’t work splint in place and rapid transport
Olecranon process of ulna fracture occurs where?
Proximal Ulna(Tip of Elbow)
Collie’s Fracture happens when?
Only the distal radius is broken
Fracture of forearm which bones normally break?
Radius and ulna break at the same time normally
