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virology > orthomyxovirus and paramyxovirus > Flashcards

orthomyxovirus and paramyxovirus Flashcards

1
Q

Orthomyxovirus-Influenza virus

2 types of glycoprotein

A

hemagluttinin activity

neuraminidase activity

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2
Q

Orthomyxovirus-Influenza virus

Anchoring the bases of each spikes on the inside of the viral lipid
bilayer are membrane proteins___

A

M proteins

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3
Q

Can attach to host sialic acid receptors

A

hemagluttinin

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4
Q
  • important component of mucin, the substance
    covering mucosal epithelial cells
  • Form an integral part of the host’s upper respiratory
    defense barrier
A

Neuraminic acid

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5
Q
  • Mucin disruption

- Expose sialic acid binding sites

A

neuraminidase

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6
Q

3 types of influenza virus

A

o Influenza A - humans, mammals, birds
o Influenza B - Humans
o Influenza C - Humans

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7
Q

▪ During viral replication, mutations can occur in
the HA or NA, leading to change in the antigenic
nature of these glycoproteins.
▪ The resulting new strains are only partially
attacked by our immune system, resulting in
milder disease in adults who have previously
acquired antibodies.

A

antigenic drift

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8
Q

▪ Complete change of HA/NA or both
▪ Can only occur with the influenza A because the
mechanism involves the trading of RNA segments
between animal and human strain.

A

antigenic shift

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9
Q

Orthomyxovirus-Influenza virus

MOT

A
  1. Transmission mainly person to person by sneezing, coughing,
    or simply talking.
  2. Influenza can also be transmitted by saliva, nasal secretions,
    feces and blood.
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10
Q

Orthomyxovirus-Influenza virus

complication

A

o Secondary Bacterial Respiratory Infections
o Reye’s Syndrome
▪ Aspirin given to children, severe liver damage and brain damage
▪ Instead, give acetaminophen

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11
Q

Orthomyxovirus-Influenza virus

dx

A
  1. Viral culture
  2. Detection of Viral Proteins
  3. PCR- very sensitive method
  4. Serology- 4x increase in sera for 2 weeks
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12
Q

Orthomyxovirus-Influenza virus

tx

A
  1. Amantadine & Rimantidine- prevent viral uncoating

2. Sanamavir & Oseltamivir- NA Inhibitors

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13
Q

paramyxo difference with orthomyxo

A
  1. The (-) stranded RNA is in a single strand NOT segmented.
  2. HA and NA are part of the same glycoprotein spike NOT 2 different spikes.
  3. Has a FUSION PROTEIN, that cause the infected cells to fuse together into multinucleated giant cells.
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14
Q

Paramyxoviridae
Parainfluenza virus

clinical findings:
clue=UVCB

A 
o URTI in Adults
▪ Bronchitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis
o Viral pneumonia
▪ (type 3) in children, elderly, immunocompromised
o CROUP/Laryngotracheobronchitis
▪ (types 1 and 2), swelling, airway narrowing
▪ Stridor/ Barking cough
o Bronchiolitis
▪ Type 3
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15
Q

Paramyxoviridae
RSV

no HA/NA activity. t/f

A

t

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16
Q

Paramyxoviridae
RSV

clin findings:
clue=PA

A

o Pneumonia
▪ MCC of Pneumonia in infants <6mos
o Acute Otitis Media

17
Q

Paramyxoviridae
mumps virus

susceptible to what antibiotic

A

ribavirin

18
Q

Paramyxoviridae
mumps virus

Rapidly inactivated by chemical agents, heat and ultraviolet light. t/f

A

t

19
Q

Paramyxoviridae
mumps virus

clin findings:
clue=PTIM

A

o Parotid gland swelling
o Testicular inflammation
o Meningitis
o Inflammation

20
Q

Paramyxoviridae
mumps virus

IP

A

14-18days

21
Q

mumps:
o Nonspecific prodrome of low-grade fever, headache, malaise and myalgia
o Parotitis in 30%-40%.
t/f

A

t

22
Q

May present as lower respiratory illness, particularly in preschool-aged children

A

mumps

23
Q

Acute onset of unilateral or bilateral tender, self-limited swelling of the parotid or other salivary gland lasting >2 days without other apparent cause

A

mumps

24
Q

Paramyxoviridae
mumps virus

complications

A 
o CNS involvement- 15% of clinical cases
o Orchitis- 20%-50% of post-pubertal males
o Pancreatitis- 2%-5%
o Deafness- 1/20,000
o Death- 1-3/10,000
25
Q

Paramyxoviridae
mumps virus

lab dx

A

isol of mumps virus

sero testing

  • (+) IgM
  • increased IgG b/w acute and convalescent
26
Q

Paramyxoviridae
Rubeola

clin findings:
o_____-
▪ High fever, hacking cough, conjunctivitis
o ____-
▪ Small, red-based, blue white centered lesions in the mouth
o ___-
▪ Cephalocaudal, as it progresses, it coalesces

A

Prodrome
Koplik spots
Rash

27
Q

Paramyxoviridae
Rubeola

complications

A

o Pneumonia, eye damage, myocarditis, encephalitis
o IUFD
o SSPE

28
Q

Paramyxoviridae
Rubeola

IP

A

▪ 9 to 10 days to onset of 1st symptoms

▪ Rash occurs 14 days after exposure

29
Q

Paramyxoviridae
Rubeola

Prodrome:
clue=f ,3cs, 4th “c”,p

A

▪ Fever, 3C’s: Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis
▪ 4th “C”: Koplik’s spots
▪ Photophobia

30
Q

Paramyxoviridae
Rubeola

clin features:

A

▪ Exanthem: Maculopapular confluent
▪ 2-4 days after prodrome, 14 days after exposure
▪ Begins on face and head, behind the ear
▪ Persists 5-6 days
▪ Fades in order of appearance
▪ Hyperpigmentation
▪ Brawny desquamation

31
Q

▪ Koplik’s spots

▪ Appear 1-2 days after onset of symptoms

A

enanthem

32
Q

Paramyxoviridae
Rubeola

complications

A

▪ Persistence of high-grade fever beyond the 4th day of rash
▪ Pneumonia: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenza
▪ Otitis media
▪ Laryngitis, Laryngotracheobronchitis
▪ Bacterial pharyngitis
▪ Other complications: Tuberculosis, progression of course and inactivates latent infection, Myocarditis, Pericarditis, Encephalitis, Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

33
Q

Measles vaccine for the Filipino Infant:
o 1st dose: 9 mos (as early as 6 mos of age)
o 2nd dose: as MMR 15 months (12 months if measles was given at 6mos old)
o 3rd dose: as MMR 4 to 6 yrs old (If not given, catch up during adolescent years); 2nd dose as early as 4 weeks after the first dose
t/f

A

t

34
Q

measles(Rubeola): Patients are contagious from 1 to 2 days before the onset of symptoms (3 to 5 days before the rash) to 4 days after appearance of the rash
t/f

A

t

virology (5 decks)

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