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Oral Pathology D2 > Ortho midterm > Flashcards

Ortho midterm Flashcards

1
Q

sibilant sounds

A

s and z

  • problem= lisp
  • anterior open bite and gap between incisors
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2
Q

labiodental fricatives

A

f and v

  • problem= distortion
  • skeletal class 3
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3
Q

lingudental fricatives

A

th, sh, and ch

  • problem= distortion
  • anterior open bite
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4
Q

angle classification

A

1= MB cusp of MX 1M in MB groove of MN 1M

2= MB cusp of MX 1M anterior to MB groove of MN 1M
div 1- incisors proclined
div 2- incisors retroclined

3= MB cusp is posterior

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5
Q

Lischer classification
what are the 3 normal ones?

axiversion=
toriservion=
transverse=

A

nuetrocclusion= normal class 1 position

distocclusion= MN teeth distal to normal (class 2)

mesiocclusion= MN teeth mesial to normal (class 3)

linguoversion and labio/buccoversion

infraversion and supraversion

axiversion= tipped along axis
toriservion= twisted along axis
transverse= incorrect position in arch
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6
Q

primary malocclusion dentition

  • flush terminal plane=
  • distal step=
  • mesial step=
A

based on relationship of DISTAL surfaces of the 2nd molars

  • flush terminal plane= distal surfaces same
  • distal step= MN distal to MX (class 2)
  • mesial step= MN distal surface is mesial to MX (class
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7
Q

What do they DEVELOPE into?

  • flush terminal plane=
  • distal step=
  • mesial step=
A
  • flush terminal plane= end to end or class 1
  • distal step= class 2
  • mesial step= class 3 or class 1
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8
Q

incidence vs prevalence

A 
incidence= # of new cases
prevalence= # over a period of time
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9
Q

facial types

A
  • normalface = mesofacial
  • long face= dolicho facial
  • short face = brachyfacial
  • mesognathic= striahgt jaws
  • prognathic= MN protruded compared to MX (class 3)
  • retronathic= MN retruded compared to MX (class 2)
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10
Q

profile types

A
  • straight= glabella, subnasale and pogonion in line
  • convex= Sn anterior to G and Pg
  • cancave= Sn posterior to G and Pg
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11
Q

facial divergence

A

anterior= lower face slants anterior

posterior= lower face slants posterior

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12
Q

vertical proportions

A 
* normalface = mesofacial
     normal
* long face= dolicho facial
     high MN, weak muscles, anterior bite
*short face = brachyfacial
     low MN angle, strong muscles
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13
Q

line of harmony

A

supraorbital ridge (glabella)
middle of ala of nose
chin (pg)

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14
Q

esthetic plane or E plane or ricketts plane

A

tip of nose
tip of chin
position of UL (4mm) and LL (2mm) from E plane

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15
Q

Ideal nasolabial angle?

A

men= 93-98
** increases with age
women= 95-100

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16
Q

cleidocranial dysplasia? genes?

A

Runx2 and Cbfa1

  • no clavicle
  • failure to shed baby teeth
  • delayed eruption of perm teeth
  • multiple supernumerary teeth
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17
Q

1) growth centers
2) growth sites
3) modeling
4) remodeling

A

1) location at which independent growth occurs (epiphyseal plates)
2) growth occurs (sutures)
3) bone size and shape can be changed
4) resorption by osteoclasts and apposition by osteoblasts

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18
Q

important hormones for bone remodeling?

A

OPG and RANKL

  • both reliesed from stromal cell/osteoblast
  • share the same receptor
  • OPG stops reorption and RANKL causes it
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19
Q

compressive LOAD vs tensile strain

A

compressive load produces bone resorption (catabolic)

tensile strain leads to bone apposition (anabolic)

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20
Q

explain the 3 techniques to calculate crowding?

A

1) wire technique= bend wire and measure
2) segmental length= meaure 4 segments of arch
3) eyeball

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21
Q

measurements and what to do for no, mild, moderate and severe crowding

A

none- no txt
mild (1-3mm)- space maintainer, may need txt later
moderate (4-6mm)- space maintainer, refer
severe (7mm or more)- extractions

22
Q

the size of ________ can predict the size of the unerupted permanent canines and PMs

A

permanent mandibular incisors

23
Q

tanaka-johnson technique

A

sum of 4 perm MN incisors
* MN= sum/2 + 10.5
*MX= sum/2 + 11
THIS IS FOR 1 quadrant! need to double for arch!

24
Q

moyer’s technique

A

sum of 4 perm MN incisors

*use table to predict space needed for both PMs and canine on each side

25
Q

crowding is also known as?

A

tooth size - arch length discrepancy

26
Q

true TSALD vs environmental? most common?

A

true= teeth to large

enviro= caries (most common)
trauma or malposition/eruption discrepancy

27
Q

space maintainance for MX vs MN?

A 
MX= band and loop and NANCE
MN= band and loop and LOWER lingual holding arch
28
Q

7 reasons mixed dentition should be txted?

A

1) functional habits
2) crossbites
3) psycho-social reasons
4) risk of trauma
5) habit reminder
6) ectopically erupting teeth
7) severe crowding needing series of extractions

29
Q

why mixed dentition shouldn’t be treated?

A 
class 3 skeletin
cost/benefit cannot bevalidated
30
Q

space availble vs space required

A

available= distal of first molar to distal of first molar

required= M-D width of teeth 6-6

31
Q

bolten discrepnacy of ___ is not significant?

A

1.5mm or less

32
Q

bolton overall analysis vs anterior analysis? RATIOS and what they MEAN!!!!
equation????

A

= (sum of MN/sum of MX)x100

overall= first molar to first molar

  • <91.3 MN larger than MX
  • > 91.3 MX is larger

anterior= canine to canine

  • <77.2 MN teeth are larger
  • > 77.2 MX larger
33
Q

cranial base bones?

A

ethmoid
sphenoid
basioccipital

34
Q

nasal capsule bones?

A

ethmoid
inferior concha
nasal septum

35
Q

what happens in 4th month in-utero?

A

Ingrowth of vascular elements and appearance of centers of ossification

36
Q

intra-membranous ossification and examples

A

secretion of bone matrix directly within mesenchymal condensation, without any intermediate formation of cartilage
** vault of skull, MN and MX

37
Q

craniosynostosis

A

premature fusion of cranial sutures

38
Q

craniometry vs anthropemetry

A

craniometry- precise measurement of dry skull
* cross sectional data

anthropometry- measurements of skeletal dimensions in living subjects with soft TISSUE
* longitudinal data aka FARKAS anthropometric studies

39
Q

vital staining and examples

A

dyes that stain mineralizing tissue are injected into animal and later observed in bone/teeth once sacrificed

  • tetracycline (yellow)
  • calcein (green)
  • alizarin red
  • lead acetate
  • xylenol (orange)
  • demeclocline (gold)
40
Q

gamma emitting isotope is used to detect areas of?

A

rapid bone growth

* useful in diagnosis of localized growth problems

41
Q

autoradiography uses what in medium?

A

C-proline and H-thymidine

42
Q

implant radiography

A

superimposing cephalometric radiographs on the implanted pins allows precise observation of BOTH 1) changes in the position of one bone relative to another and 2) changes in the external contours of individual bones

43
Q

all tissue of face and neck originate from?

A

ectoderm (ectomesenchyme) that comes from nueral crest cells

44
Q

what drugs can affect the formation and migration of nueral crest cells?

A

thalidomide and isotretinion

45
Q

fate of meckel’s cartilage

A

malleus, incus
sphenomandibular ligament
anterior malleolar liagment

46
Q

primary vs secondary jaw joint

A

primary

  • meckel’s cartilage ends at malleus
  • early jiont b/w malleus and incus
  • exists for 4 months

secondary

  • begins at 3 months
  • two mesenchymal condensation:
    1) temporal blastema appears first, ossifies first
    2) condylar - which becomes cartilage
47
Q

prenatal development of mandible

A

1) intramembranous ossification lateral to Meckel’s cartilage
2) center of ossification: appears at 6 weeks IU at bifurcation of inferior alveolar nerve

48
Q

prenatal development of maxilla

A

1) intramem ossification (NO CARTILAGE)
2) 7 weeks IU
3) ossification center located at division nof superior dental nerve from inferior orbital nerve

49
Q

malar cartilage is what and does what?

A

secondary cartilage that contributes to the development of maxialla

50
Q

MX sinus begins forming when?

A

16 week in utero

51
Q

3 branches of ortho

A

preventative
interceptive
corrective

52
Q

potential undesirable effects of ortho?

A

1) compromised oral hygeine
* caries and soft tissue probs
2) decalcification
3) root resorption

Oral Pathology D2 (8 decks)

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