Ortho Final

Question 1

Which bones fuse to make up the innominate?

Answer 1

Isium
ilium
pubis
-all fused at the acetabulum

Question 2

What type of cartilage forms the iliac joint surfaces?

Answer 2

The fibrocartilage

Question 3

What type of cartilage forms the sacral joint surface?

Answer 3

hyline cartilage

Question 4

What type of joint is the SI joint

Answer 4

Synovial (diarthrosis)

Question 5

Which is thicker in the SI joint, the hyline cartilage or the fibrocartilage? By how much?

Answer 5

hyaline cartilage (3-5x thicker than the
fibrocartilage)

Question 6

What are some differences between a gynecoid and android pelvis?

Answer 6

Gynecoid (female):

Android (male):

Question 7

Where does the anterior SI ligament run?

Answer 7

between the anterior and inferior borders of the iliac auricular surface, and the anterior border of the sacral auricular surface

Question 8

What forms the anterior SI ligament?

Answer 8

It is a thickening of the anterior inferior portion of the fibrous capsule in the SI joint.

Question 9

Where is the interossious SI ligament located?

Answer 9

Deep to the dorsal SI ligament

Question 10

Which is the weakest of the SI ligaments?

Answer 10

The Anterior SI ligament?

Question 11

Which SI ligament forms the major connection between the sacrum and the innominate.

Answer 11

The interosseous ligament - It fills the space posterior-superior to the joint between the lateral sacral crest, and the iliac tuberosity

Question 12

What is the AKA for the long ligament?

Answer 12

The dorsal SI ligament

Question 13

What does the dorsal SI ligament fill in?

Answer 13

the PSIS (and a small part of the iliac crest) with the lateral crest of the S3 + S4

Question 14

Describe the motion of the sacrum in nutation vs counter nutation.

Answer 14

Nutation: the anterior movement of the base of the sacrum
Counternutation: the posterior movement of the base of the scarcum

Question 15

How does the movement of the sacrum effect the Dorsal DI Ligament?

Answer 15

In Nutation the Dorsal SI ligament slackens

in counternucation the dorsal SI ligament is pulled taught

Question 16

Where does the sacospinous ligament attach?

Answer 16

PSIS
Lateral Sacrum
Dorsal SI ligament

Question 17

True or false: the sacrotuberous ligament is deep to the sacrospinous ligament.

Answer 17

SO FALSE

the sacrospinous ligament is deep to the sacrotuberous

Question 18

What motions does the sacrospinous ligament limit?

Answer 18

Nutation

Limits/supports the apex of sacrum during weight bearing motions (counteracts dorsal and cranial margination)

Question 19

What muscular tendon is associated with the sacrotuberous ligament?

Answer 19

Biceps femorious tendon

Question 20

Where does the sacrotuberous ligament run?

Answer 20

isical tuberousity to the ilium sacrum and cocxyx

Question 21

What motion do the sacrotuberous ligament limit?

Answer 21

Nutation

Question 22

Which ligaments in the sacrum limit nutation?

Answer 22

Sacrotuberous

Sacrospinous

Question 23

True or false: the pubic symphsis contains synovial fluid.

Answer 23

Nope. Thats why it is a symphsis. No synovium. Instead it has a fibrocartilage disc.

Question 24

What type of cartilage is assocaiated with the pubic symphsis?

Answer 24

Hyplin catilage lines each pubis
the bones (and hyline) are seperated by a fibrocartilage disc.

Question 25

How many muscles attach to the Sacrum or the Innominate?

Answer 25

35

Question 26

What is the funtion of the muscles that attach to the sacrum and the innominate?

Answer 26

Primarily stabilization

Question 27

piriformis: OINAB

Answer 27

``` O: Anterior Sacrum I: the medial greater trocanter N: Nerver to piriformis (from s1s2) A: primary external rotation and thigh ABduction. Also possible internal rotation if hip flexed beyond 90. Restricts SI joint motion B: superior and inferior gluteal artery ```

Question 28

What does the pisifrom pass though to make it to the femer?

Answer 28

The greater sciatic foramen

Question 29

What muscles are considered the "pelvic floor?"

Answer 29

``` Levator Ani Group: made up of 1. pubococcygeus 2. puborectalis 3. iliococcygeus ```

Question 30

What is the funtion of the levator ani group?

Answer 30

1. increase intra-abdominal pressure 2. provide rectal support during defecation 3. inhibit bladder activity 4. help to support the pelvic organs 5. assist in lumbopelvic stability

Question 31

Which nerve roots supply the anterior SI joint?

Answer 31

POSTERIOR rami of L2-S2 That being said specifics are highly varriable, so tracing nerve roots to pain is tricky as it will be different from person to person (or in her words: Contribution from these root levels is highly variable and may differ among the joints of given individuals, because of this a very diffuse pattern of pain referral can come from this area)

Question 32

According to the osteopathic model, how does the SI joint move?

Answer 32

The sacrum rotates around two oblique axes | The innominates are capable of rotating anteriorly and posterior

Question 33

Accoding to the chiropratic model, how doe the SI joint move?

Answer 33

when one hip flexes it will move posterior and inferior and the sacral base on that side will anterior and inferior AT THE SAME TIME: the other innominate extends (AS) and the sacral base it is connected to will move posterior and Superior.

Question 34

How does the biomechanical model explain the movement of the SI joint?

Answer 34

Similar to the DCs --> but flip your view point. SO (in Capsian language): The sacrum nutates (moves anterior) a linear glide occurs between the two L-shaped articular surfaces of the sacroiliac joint. • The shorter of the two lengths, level with S 1, lies in a vertical plane • The longer length, spanning S 2-4, lies in an A-P plane

Question 35

If your patient has SI dysfuntion, where would you expect them to experience pain in a SLR?

Answer 35

At the end range or motion or the very very begining

Question 36

What movements might be a problem if a paitent has SI dysftuntion?

Answer 36

``` Extention Lateral Flexion Standing from seated Standing/Hopping on the involved leg. Patient awoken from pain when trying to turn over ```