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Orthodontics > Ortho Assessment > Flashcards

Ortho Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we do an ortho assessment?

A
  1. To determine if any malocclusion is present
  2. Identify any underlying causes
  3. Decide if tx is indicated
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2
Q

What causes asymmetry issues to occur?

A

Issues with growth of condyles

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3
Q

What age do ortho assessments occur?

A
  1. Brief exam at 9 years

2. Comprehensive exam when premolars and canines erupt (11-12yrs)

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4
Q

What do we look for in an ideal occlusion? (6)

A
  1. Molar relationship
    - Distal side of upper molar occluding with mesial side of lower molar
  2. Crown angulation
  3. Crown inclination
  4. No rotations
  5. No spaces
  6. Flat occlusal planes
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5
Q

PMH:

List some conditions that are now a contra-indication to orthodontic tx (3)

A
  1. Allergy
  2. Epilepsy
  3. Drugs
    - Certain drugs lead to gingival inflammation
    - Could be difficult cleansing or cleaning brackets
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6
Q

Questions to ask in PDH

A
  1. Frequency of attendance
  2. Nature of previous tx
  3. Co-operation w previous tx
  4. Trauma to perm dentition
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7
Q

What are some habits that can influence ortho issues?

A
  1. Thumb sucking
    - Procline uppers
  2. Lower lip sucking
    - Procline uppers
  3. Tongue thrust
    - OJ
  4. Chewing finger nails
    - Root resorption
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8
Q

What are the steps of an ortho assessment (5)

A 
Hx
Examination - look at skeletal bases
SI
Diagnosis
TX
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9
Q

Extra-oral exam

A
  1. Skeletal base
  2. Soft tissues
    Lips:
    Competent / incompetent
    Tongue:
    Position, habitual + swallowing
    Habits:
    Thumb sucking
    Speech:
    Lisping
  3. TMJ
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10
Q

What 3 planes should a facial skeletal pattern be considered in?

A
  1. Antero-posterior
  2. Vertical
  3. Transverse
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11
Q

What are the 2 ways to carry out an AP skeletal assessment? (2)

A
  1. Visual assessment
    - Skeletal assessment vertical + lateral (asymmetry)
  2. Palpate skeletal bases
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12
Q

How do we carry out a vertical assessment?

A

Involves the Frankfort - Mandibular planes angle (FMPA)

2 lines should meet at the back of the head

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13
Q

How does a reduced FMPA angle present?

A

2 lines don’t meet at the back of the head

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14
Q

How does an increased FMPA angle present?

A

2 lines meet well before the back of the head

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15
Q

Define incompetent lips

A

Lips that don’t meet at rest

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16
Q

What can a lip trap cause?

A

Proclined upper incisors

May lead to relapse of OJ if persists at the end of tx

17
Q

What can a hyperactive low lip cause?

A

Retroclined lower incisors

18
Q

What is a tongue thrust associated with?

A

AOB

Some people push their tongue forward when they swallow (ant tongue thrust)

2 types:

Adaptive
- we can close the AOB

Endogenous
-tx will relapse

19
Q

What does digit sucking cause? (4)

A
  1. Proclined upper incisors
  2. Retroclined lower incisors
  3. Localised AOB or incomplete OB
  4. Narrower upper arch +- unilateral posterior Xbite
20
Q

What do we check the TMJ for as part of the extra-oral exam?

A
  1. Path of closure
  2. Range of movement
  3. Pain
  4. Click from joint
  5. Deviation on opening
  6. Muscle tenderness
21
Q

What is mandibular displacement?

A

Displacement of the mandibule up and to the right from RCP to ICP

22
Q

What to check as part of intra-oral exam (7)

A
  1. OHI + Perio health
  2. Count teeth from back
  3. Teeth of poor prognosis
  4. Assess crowding/spacing/rotations
  5. Inclination/angulation
  6. Palpate for canines if not erupted
  7. Note teeth of abnormal shape/size
23
Q

What are the 3 main risks of ortho tx?

A
  1. Decalcification
  2. Root resorption
  3. Relapse
24
Q

Course of action for mesially tipped canine?

A

Extract 4 and canine will just tip back

25
Q

How do we assess the angulation of incisors to the mandibular plane?

A
  • Pull down the lower lip

- Assess the angle the lower incisors make to your finger

26
Q

What should the angulation of incisors to the frankfort plane be?

A

110 degrees

27
Q

Where does the FF measure from?

A

Top of the ear to bottom of the orbit

28
Q

What do we look for when studying teeth in occlusion (7)

A
  1. Incisor relationship (BSI)
  2. OJ
  3. OB/ open bite
  4. Molar relationship (angles classification)
  5. Canine relationship
  6. Cross bites
  7. Centre lines
29
Q

What are the incisor relationship classifications? (4)

A
  1. Class I
  2. Class II (Div 1 +2)
  3. Class III
  4. OJ,OB + Centrelines
30
Q

Class I incisor relationship

A

Normal OJ + OB

31
Q

Class II div 1 incisor relationship

A

Increased OJ, front teeth beyond lowers

32
Q

Class II div 2 incisor relationship

A

Centrals retroclined

33
Q

Class III incisor relationship

A

Anterior positioning of mandible to maxilla

34
Q

What teeth do we measure for an OJ?

A

Any of the 4 incisors

35
Q

Canine relationship classification (3)

A

Class I
- Upper canine distal to lower

Class II
- Upper canine anterior to lower

Class III
- Upper canine posterior to lower

36
Q

Function of lateral ceph

A

Measurement on angles and distances between points of the skull

37
Q

Ortho checklist for basis of referral letter (7)

A
  1. Name/age/sex of patient
  2. H/CO
  3. Incisor relationship
    - Skeletal base (AP, V, T)
  4. Teeth present/absent
    - OH
    - Poor prognosis
  5. Lower + upper arch
  6. OJ
    - OB
    - Centrelines
    - Molar relationship
    - Xbites
  7. IOTN score

Orthodontics (8 decks)

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