Intro to Ortho Flashcards
Define orthodontics (3)
- Specialty concerned with:
- Growth + development of teeth, face + jaws
- Diagnosis, prevention + correction of dental and facial irregularities
What is the maxilla attached to?
Anterior cranial base
How do we determine anterior/posterior skeletal face relationship?
Class I II or III Skeletal relationships
Class I skeletal relationship
Maxilla 2-3mm in front of mandible
What do we use to get the patients orientation correct?
Frankfurt plane horizontal to the floor
Class II skeletal relationship
Maxilla more than 3mm in front of mandible
Class III skeletal relationship
Mandible in front of maxilla
What can cause a class II skeletal relationship?
Mandibular hypoplasia
- V small mandible
- Mandible going back + up
What is mandibular retronaphia?
Mandible is the right size but just further back in the skull base
What is mandibular prognathism?
A big lower jaw
What is Hemimandibular hypertrophy?
Facial asymmetry
- Tends to happen in females (late teens, early 20s)
What does hemimandibular hypertrophy cause in terms of dental problems? (2)
- Lack of eruption of max teeth on LHS
2. Over-eruption of max teeth on RHS
Tx for facial asymmetries
Costacondral graft
- Piece of rib with cartilage strapped onto ramus
- Works in a 3rd of cases
What skeletal classes are cephalograms taken for?
Class II or III
TX options for skeletal discrepancies in growing patients? (3)
Growth modification techniques to promote/restrict growth of either jaw
- Functional appliances
- Headgear
- Reverse pull facemask and RME
TX options for skeletal discrepancies in adults who have completed growth? (2)
- Orthognathic surgery
2. Single jaw/bimaxillary procedures
Dangers of orthognathic surgery
10-15% cases associated with permanent nerve damage
- numb lip
What tests do we use to reach an orthodontic diagnosis? (5)
- Study models
- Radiographs
- OPG
- Lateral Ceph - Photographs
- Sensibility tests
- Cone beam CT scan
Function of removable appliances
Tip teeth
Open bites
Maintain space
Function of functional appliances
Modify jaw growth
Benefits of orthodontic tx (4)
- Improve function
- anterior xbites / AOBmake it difficult to incise food - Improve appearance
- aesthetics - Improve dental health
- Make teeth easier to clean
- Reduce risk of trauma - Facilitate other dental tx
- rearranges spaces in hypodontia cases prior to bridges or implants
Risks of orthodontic tx (8)
- Decalcification
- Relapse
- Root resorption
- Pain/discomfort
- Soft tissue trauma
- Failure to complete tx
- Loss of tooth vitality
- Candidal infections