Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Orthodontics > Interceptive Ortho 1 > Flashcards

Interceptive Ortho 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Interceptive Orthodontics?

A

Any procedure that reduces or eliminates the severity of a developing malocclusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What shape is an upper gum pad

A

Rounded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What shape is a lower gum pad

A

U shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of skeletal class do most babies have at birth?

A

Skeletal Class 2

Sometimes AOB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When does the deciduous dentition erupt?

A

6mths-2.5yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sequence of eruption for deciduous dentition

A

A-B-D-C-E

Generally lowers before uppers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Differences between deciduous and permanent teeth (3)

A
  1. Incisors more upright
  2. More spaced
  3. Wear - thinner layer of enamel so more susceptible to wear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If a child has no spacing what % will develop crowding in permanent dentition

A

66% crowding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If a child has <3mm spacing what % will develop crowding in permanent dentition

A

50% crowding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If a child has 3-6mm spacing what % will develop crowding in permanent dentition

A

20% crowding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If a child has >6mm spacing what % will develop crowding in permanent dentition

A

No crowding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List 2 issues that deciduous teeth can have?

A
  1. Absent permanent successor

2. Fused teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why can fused teeth be an issue?

A

Patient unlikely to have 2 permanent incisors to succeed these teeth (might only have 1 when they establish permanent dentition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When do 6s erupt?

A

6 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When do 1s erupt?

A

7 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When do 2s erupt?

A

8 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When do 4s erupt?

A

10 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When do 3s + 5s erupt?

A

11-12 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When do 7s erupt?

A

12-13 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Features of the ugly duckling stage (3)

A
  1. Spaced upper incisors
  2. Diasthema
  3. Laterals pointing distally
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many children have a diastema at 6yrs

A

96%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How many children have a diastema at 12yrs

A

7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens to a <2.5mm diastema

A

Should close in the transition between mixed + permanent dentition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why do most diastemas close over by 12 yrs? (3)

A
  • Canines come in at 11-12
  • They take up more space than the deciduous canine
  • They shuffle the incisors together
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How quickly should a contralateral tooth erupt?

A

Within 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

List 3 reasons for un-erupted central incisors (3)

A
  1. Supernumeraries
  2. Trauma/dilacerations
    - Hx of trauma resulting in dilacerations of the permanent tooth
  3. Other pathology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How do we tx un-erupted central incisor supernumeraries? (4)

A
  1. Remove deciduous teeth + supernumeraries
  2. Expose/bond
  3. Create space
  4. Monitor (>1.5yrs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

If a patient has un-erupted 1 due to a supernumerary blocking it from erupting, what appliance would be used to fix this?

A

URA to tip the 2 teeth out the way and make space for the central (after the supernumerary was removed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What % of teeth will erupt if we remove the supernumerary?

A

80% will erupt within an average of 16mths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is a retained deciduous tooth?

A

Tooth that does not exfoliate once the permanent tooth erupts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is a dilaceration?

A

Abnormal bend in the root or crown of a tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Implications of a severely dilacerated tooth

A
  • Can’t straighten it or the root would appear through the labial plate –> leading to loss of vitality + extraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Name 3 reasons for a diastema

A
  1. Small teeth
  2. Supernumerary
    - That is not interfering with the eruption of the teeth
  3. If you’re missing teeth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How can you get a median diastema from missing teeth?

A

If you’re missing a lateral then there is more space for the centrals to space out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What should you do if a patient has a big diastema and is nearly into the permanent dentition?

A

Take a radiograph to check if there are any supernumerary teeth in the midline
OR
Any missing teeth

36
Q

List early mixed dentition interception issues (7)

A
  1. Impacted 6s
    - Not come in when expected/can’t erupt as no room
  2. Potential crowding
  3. Early loss of deciduous teeth
  4. Carious 6s
  5. Cross-bites
  6. Transposed teeth
  7. Habits
37
Q

Define leeway space

A

The difference between EDC and 345

38
Q

Maxillary leeway space

A

Deciduous 1.5mm wider than permanent

39
Q

Mandibular leeway space

A

Deciduous 2.5mm wider than permanent

40
Q

What is the minimum space required at 9yrs old for premolars and canines?

A

18.5mm from lateral to 1st molar for no crowding

41
Q

When is a space requirement assessment carried out?

A

Roughly 9yrs when in mixed dentition

42
Q

How is a space requirement assessment carried out?

A

Measure from distal of 2 to mesial of 6 (the 2 standing permanent teeth

43
Q

Define balancing

in terms of early loss of deciduous teeth

A

If you lose a deciduous tooth on 1 side you should extract the contralateral tooth on the other side to balance

44
Q

Define compensating

in terms of early loss of deciduous teeth

A

If you lose a deciduous tooth in the upper arch you should extract the contralateral tooth in the lower arch

45
Q

What does the effect of early loss of primary teeth vary depending on? (2)

A
  1. Varies with the degree of crowding you have

2. Age you lost the tooth at

46
Q

Protocol if A/Bs are lost

A

No balancing/compensating required

47
Q

Protocol if C’s are lost

A

Balance

48
Q

Why do C’s have to be balanced?

A

Because C’s hang on until the permanent incisors have erupted

  • If you lose 1C theres often a midline shift towards that side
    (leading to a crowded dentition)
49
Q

Protocol if D’s are lost

A

Balance (perhaps)

Small centreline shift (not as big as C’s)

50
Q

Protocol if E’s are lost

A

No balance

Major space loss but little effect to centreline

51
Q

Why does losing an E lead to future crowding problems?

A

E’s can be 11mm wide or more
but the gap is reduced is by 2-4mm simply by mesial drift of the 6

This means you have much less room to fit the 3,4 and 5

52
Q

What arch is mesial drift a bigger issue in?

A

Upper arch

53
Q

How can a midline shift be tx’d in the permanent dentition

A

Fixed appliance

54
Q

How can a midline shift be tx’d in the mixed dentition?

A

If patient roughly 9 and lost 1 canine

  • Consider balancing with extraction
  • Then the midline will naturally move back into the centre again without appliance
55
Q

When is the assessment for carious 6s carried out

A

9yrs

56
Q

What skeletal class are extractions better considered in?

A

Class 2 malocclusion

- Doesn’t work as well on big OJs/reverse OJs

57
Q

Whats the rule if you’re extracting a LOWER 6 (2)

A
  1. Compensate upper FPM if extracting lower
  2. Don’t balance with sound contralateral 6
    - If extracting upper don’t need to take lower
58
Q

When extracting a LOWER 6 why should we compensate with the upper 6 (3)

A
  1. If you don’t take the upper 6 it will over-erupt into the space
  2. Impinge on the gingiva in the lower 6
  3. Prevent mesial movement of the 2nd molar
59
Q

Why do we not need to take the lower 6 if extracting the upper 6?

A

Lowers don’t tend to over-erupt as much as uppers

60
Q

What are some examples of when 6s should be extracted? (4)

A
  1. When the 7s furcation is present
  2. When 8s are present
  3. Class 1 malocclusion/ average or reduced OB
  4. Moderate lower + upper crowding
61
Q

If you have a distally inclined 2nd premolar, why could this possibly cause a problem? (2)

A
  1. If distally inclined, removing the FPM can cause the 2nd premolar to drift quite significantly
    Leading to unsightly spacing in the lower buccal segments
  2. It can also impact against the erupting 2nd molar and end up bashing against it
62
Q

What type of Xbite is orthodontics primarily concerned with?

A

Unilateral posterior crossibte as they can interfere with the way the mandible closes

If there’s a mandibular displacement on closure we would want to tx

63
Q

What appliance would be used to tx a posterior unilateral Xbite?

A

URA with a midline screw

64
Q

How is retention achieved with a URA for a posterior unilateral Xbite?

A

Adams clasps on 4s + 6s

65
Q

How is the baseplate modified in a URA for a posterior unilateral Xbite?

A

Posterior bite planes

66
Q

Patient instructions for a URA for a posterior unilateral Xbite

A

Wear it 24/7

Turn screw 1/4 1x on a Sunday + Wed

No more than twice a week

67
Q

How long does it take to correct a posterior Xbite?

A

6-9months

Following this the patient should wear the appliance, but just inactivated at bed at night

68
Q

How and when is an anterior Xbite fixed?

A

Tx’d with a URA

Tend to treat early - when the 2s are through

69
Q

Active component for a posterior unilateral Xbite appliance

A

Midline screw

70
Q

Active component for an anterior Xbite appliance

A

Z spring

71
Q

Retention for an anterior Xbite appliance

A

Double adams clasps on posteriors

72
Q

Anterior retention for anterior Xbite appliance

A

Adams or southend clasp (less bulky)

73
Q

What can you do if you can’t get anterior retention (Adams/southend on the adjacent incisor to the z spring?)

A

Adams on 6s +Ds on both sides + Z spring on the central

74
Q

Why do we need anterior retention?

A

With only Z spring + Adams on posteriors (no anterior retention) the appliance would just drop down when the Z spring is activated

75
Q

What is the timeframe for a successful anterior Xbite tx?

A

6-8wks

Quicker than posterior

76
Q

What do all posterior + anterior Xbites need

A

Posterior bite planes

77
Q

Why do all posterior + anterior Xbites need PBPs?

A

The patient has to disocclude so we can push the tooth over the bite

78
Q

What does the D become?

A

1st premolar

79
Q

What does the E become?

A

2nd premolar

80
Q

Relapse prognosis for anterior Xbite

A
  1. Won’t relapse
    - -Once incisors over lower incisors the crossbite will remain corrected
  2. Uppers might be angled forward, but they’ll be carried downwards and forwards with the lowers
81
Q

Relapse prognosis for posterior Xbite

A

50% relapse
Which is why we over-correct

Build in relapse first so it still remains even after relapse occurs

82
Q

What are some effects of thumb habits? (3)

A
  1. Can proline + push forward uppers
  2. Can retrocline lowers
  3. Unilateral posterior Xbite
83
Q

What are some effects of digits sucking habits?

A
  1. Procline uppers incisors
  2. AOB or reduced OB
  3. Unilateral posterior Xbite
84
Q

What appliance is used for a digit habit?

A

Digit habit breaker

  • Connected to permanent teeth
  • Cant be removed
  • Double adams on posteriors
85
Q

How long after a digit habit breaker should a patient break their habit?

A

2-3months

Orthodontics (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions