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Primary care II > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

impingement syndrome tests

A

neer and hawkins

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2
Q

carpal tunnel tests

compression of what nerve?

A

phalen and tinel

medial

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3
Q

mcl tear test

A

valgus

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4
Q

acl tests

A

anterior drawer, lachman

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5
Q

patella dislocation tests

A

apprehension test

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6
Q

achilles rupture test

A

thompson test (first 48 hours)

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7
Q

cervical compression test

A

sperling test

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8
Q

back pain tests

A

leg raise-pain less than 70 degrees involves SI greater than 70 lumbar

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9
Q

frozen shoulder risk factors

A

women over 40, diabetes, thyroid

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10
Q

frozen shoulder aka
PE
Dx
Tx

A

ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS-adhesion/scarring of joint capsule

PE: 50% limited ROM, pain, tenderness

Dx: xray (rule out fracture, osteophytes), MRI (rule out rotator tear)

Tx: NSAIDS, moist heat, injectins, PT

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11
Q

impingement syndrome - cause

PE

A

inflammation of bursa and rotator cuff

tenderness and crepitus with motion; pain against resistance; + Neer & Hawkins signs

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12
Q

rotator cuff occur from:
sx

PE

A

overuse, injury, trauma, repeated over the head motion

Pain, weakness, catching & grating when lifting the arm overhead

PE: sunken; active ROM limited; shrug & can not hold arm elevated

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13
Q

radial head disengaged from humerus=

A

nurse maid elbow

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14
Q

nurse maid elbow- how will patient hold arm?

tx

A

close to body with thumb pronated, avoids use

reduction, splint, NSAIDS, ice

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15
Q

biceps tendon rupture tx

A

Rest, ice, NSAIDS, intermittent splinting,

physical therapy

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16
Q

epicondylitis aka

1) - - pain with ____
2) - pain with ___

tx

A

golfers, bowlers- medial, pain with flexion
tennis elbow-lateral, pain with extension

BRACE*, Modify or eliminate activity causing symptoms, NSAIDS, ice, injections, physical therapy

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17
Q

olecranon bursitis PE

tx

A

Swelling, pain, limited ROM
Red and warm with infection

Aspiration, antibiotics, NSAIDs, elbow pads, activity modification

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18
Q

unable to grip or move thumb=

A

scaphoid fracture

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19
Q

jammed finger aka

A

mallet finger

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20
Q

boxer fracture
fx of what metatarsal?

sx
PE

tx

A

5th metatarsal

Pain, tenderness, swelling, deformity and/or decrease range of motion

may appear shortened or depressed; rotated especially with partial fist

Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)

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21
Q

slipped capital femoral epiphyses PE presentation

A

one leg shorter, adolescent

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22
Q

trochanteric bursitis sx

A

Pain & tenderness over the greater trochanter**PALPATION

Pain may radiate to knee or ankle but not to foot nor buttock
Worsens when rising from seated position, walking stairs, from laying on side

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23
Q

trochanteric bursitis risk factors

PE (pain with ____)

tx

A

Obesity, Gait disturbance, women 50 and older

PAIN WITH ABDUCTION-

NSAIDs, activity modifications, short term use of assistive device when ambulating, injection

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24
Q

groin pull sx
pain with _____, _____, _____

refer?

A

pain with adduction, ecchymosis, swelling

if cant actively adduct, refer to ortho

25
osteoarthritis of hip loose ___ rotation first and cant _______knee tx
internal rotation, cant flex more than 90 degrees Tx: Joint activity, NSAIDs, Physical therapy
26
ACL- tear from ___ force | MCL- tear from___ force
hyperextension or rotational - ACL abduction force- MCL
27
ACL subjective: | MCL subjective:
pop, unable to ambulate locking, able to ambulate
28
tx acl mcl
NSAIDs, ice, rest, protective weight bearing, immobilize, & physical therapy surgical repair
29
meniscal tear subjective
Swelling, stiffness, locking, catching, decrease motion with tightness sensation mcmurray test positive
30
patella dislocation sx
Pain, swelling, deformity, impaired mobility +apprehension test
31
osgood schlatter def
Rupture of the growth plate at the tibial tuberosity
32
sprain vs strain
Strain: stretching or tear of muscle; sudden stretch on actively contracting muscle Sprain: stretching or tearing of a ligament***; sudden trauma
33
avulsion fx def
5th metatarsal of foot
34
plantar fascitis presentation dx
pain with dorsiflexion: Heel pain, tenderness; pain intense by rising from a resting position, standing & walking X-ray: rule out heel spur or fracture
35
muscle contusion monitor for
compartment syndrome 6ps PAIN, PALLOR, PARESTHESIA, PULSELESSNESS, PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE-WARM TO TOUCH
36
shin splits def dx- imaging? tx
Inflammation of tibial periosteum secondary to repetitive muscle contraction; small muscle tears xray rule out stress fx Limit activity to soft surfaces, decrease activity, NSAIDs, ice massage, orthotics, stretching
37
treatment stress fracture (meds+ other) dx imaging again at? other imaging?
NO NSAIDS, TYLENOL ONLY Rest, activity modifications, splint/brace, protective weight bearing xray again at 3-4 weeks, bone scan/MRI to confirm
38
arthritis types
osteo, rheumatoid, septic, gouty
39
burner and stingers def sx- describe sensation PE tx- return to sports?
Injury to nerve roots exiting the spinal cord sx Electric shock or lightening bolt down arm into hand; burning; numbness; weakness weakness, decrease sensation, reflexes No return to contact sports until resolved; physical therapy
40
whiplash dx- imaging?
Acceleration-deceleration of the neck with rapid flexion-extension; ligament/muscle injury xray and mri
41
low back pain def acute vs chronic
Acute: fracture vs muscle/ligamentous injury Chronic: pain for 3 months or longer
42
PE low back pain acute vs. chronic
Acute: tenderness, decrease forward flexion Chronic: tenderness, exhibit side or forward stance, may have + straight-leg raise test; inconsistent actions → sensitivity to light touch, inappropriate pain behaviors, nonanatomic localization of symptoms
43
ligaments connect? | tendons connect?`
bone to bone muscle to bone
44
vertebrae spine
``` Cervical- 7 Thoracic- 12 Lumbar- 5 Sacral- 5 Coccygeal Vertebrae- 3 - 4 ```
45
``` musculoskeletal change with age - - - - - ```
``` tendons less elastic Decreased reaction time & ROM Increased bone resorption Decreased bone density Deterioration of cartilage around joints ```
46
parts of cerebral cortex and what they control
``` Frontal: Concerned with personality, behavior, emotions, and intellectual function Parietal: Primary center for sensation Occipital: Primary visual receptor center Temporal: Primary auditory reception center ```
47
wernickes broca basal ganglia what do they control?
Wernicke’s Area: language, temporal Broca’s Area: speech, frontal Basal Ganglia: bands of gray matter, control automatic associated movements of the body, eg: arm swing alternating with the legs during walking.
48
thalmus hypothalmus
sensory, movement hypo- temp regulation, emotion, hunger, thirst, circadian rhythm
49
cerebelum located? | controls
occipital movement, balance, posture
50
brain stem controls
Breathing Heart Rate Blood Pressure
51
where does spinal cord end
Cauda equina - a bundle of nerves occupying the spinal column below the spinal cord in most vertebrates that consists of nerve roots and rootlets attached to the spinal cord. It serves the legs.
52
peripheral nerve function | send ___ between ___ and ____
send messages between body and spinal cord
53
reflex normal
2+
54
cranial nerve function mneumonic
Some Say Marry Money; But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter Most
55
cranial nerves
On (olf) old (optic) Olympus's (oculomotor) towering (trochlear) top (trigeminal) a (abducens) Finn (facial) and (acoustic- vestibulo) German(glossopharyngeal) viewed (vagus) some (spinal) hops (hypoglossal)
56
chronic low back pain meds imaging?
nsaid, opiate, topamax do not unless suspect fracture, cauda
57
patellar tracking test
lie flat leg straight, hold patella on medial and lateral side += normal movement
58
mcmurray
meniscal tear
59
how to do reduction of nurse maid elbow
90 degrees in supination

Primary care II (13 decks)

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