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Primary care II > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

impingement syndrome tests

A

neer and hawkins

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2
Q

carpal tunnel tests

compression of what nerve?

A

phalen and tinel

medial

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3
Q

mcl tear test

A

valgus

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4
Q

acl tests

A

anterior drawer, lachman

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5
Q

patella dislocation tests

A

apprehension test

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6
Q

achilles rupture test

A

thompson test (first 48 hours)

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7
Q

cervical compression test

A

sperling test

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8
Q

back pain tests

A

leg raise-pain less than 70 degrees involves SI greater than 70 lumbar

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9
Q

frozen shoulder risk factors

A

women over 40, diabetes, thyroid

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10
Q

frozen shoulder aka
PE
Dx
Tx

A

ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS-adhesion/scarring of joint capsule

PE: 50% limited ROM, pain, tenderness

Dx: xray (rule out fracture, osteophytes), MRI (rule out rotator tear)

Tx: NSAIDS, moist heat, injectins, PT

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11
Q

impingement syndrome - cause

PE

A

inflammation of bursa and rotator cuff

tenderness and crepitus with motion; pain against resistance; + Neer & Hawkins signs

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12
Q

rotator cuff occur from:
sx

PE

A

overuse, injury, trauma, repeated over the head motion

Pain, weakness, catching & grating when lifting the arm overhead

PE: sunken; active ROM limited; shrug & can not hold arm elevated

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13
Q

radial head disengaged from humerus=

A

nurse maid elbow

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14
Q

nurse maid elbow- how will patient hold arm?

tx

A

close to body with thumb pronated, avoids use

reduction, splint, NSAIDS, ice

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15
Q

biceps tendon rupture tx

A

Rest, ice, NSAIDS, intermittent splinting,

physical therapy

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16
Q

epicondylitis aka

1) - - pain with ____
2) - pain with ___

tx

A

golfers, bowlers- medial, pain with flexion
tennis elbow-lateral, pain with extension

BRACE*, Modify or eliminate activity causing symptoms, NSAIDS, ice, injections, physical therapy

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17
Q

olecranon bursitis PE

tx

A

Swelling, pain, limited ROM
Red and warm with infection

Aspiration, antibiotics, NSAIDs, elbow pads, activity modification

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18
Q

unable to grip or move thumb=

A

scaphoid fracture

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19
Q

jammed finger aka

A

mallet finger

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20
Q

boxer fracture
fx of what metatarsal?

sx
PE

tx

A

5th metatarsal

Pain, tenderness, swelling, deformity and/or decrease range of motion

may appear shortened or depressed; rotated especially with partial fist

Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)

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21
Q

slipped capital femoral epiphyses PE presentation

A

one leg shorter, adolescent

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22
Q

trochanteric bursitis sx

A

Pain & tenderness over the greater trochanter**PALPATION

Pain may radiate to knee or ankle but not to foot nor buttock
Worsens when rising from seated position, walking stairs, from laying on side

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23
Q

trochanteric bursitis risk factors

PE (pain with ____)

tx

A

Obesity, Gait disturbance, women 50 and older

PAIN WITH ABDUCTION-

NSAIDs, activity modifications, short term use of assistive device when ambulating, injection

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24
Q

groin pull sx
pain with _____, _____, _____

refer?

A

pain with adduction, ecchymosis, swelling

if cant actively adduct, refer to ortho

25
Q

osteoarthritis of hip
loose ___ rotation first and cant _______knee

tx

A

internal rotation, cant flex more than 90 degrees

Tx: Joint activity, NSAIDs, Physical therapy

26
Q

ACL- tear from ___ force

MCL- tear from___ force

A

hyperextension or rotational - ACL

abduction force- MCL

27
Q

ACL subjective:

MCL subjective:

A

pop, unable to ambulate

locking, able to ambulate

28
Q

tx acl mcl

A

NSAIDs, ice, rest, protective weight
bearing, immobilize, & physical therapy

surgical repair

29
Q

meniscal tear subjective

A

Swelling, stiffness, locking, catching, decrease motion with tightness sensation

mcmurray test positive

30
Q

patella dislocation sx

A

Pain, swelling, deformity, impaired mobility

+apprehension test

31
Q

osgood schlatter def

A

Rupture of the growth plate at the tibial tuberosity

32
Q

sprain vs strain

A

Strain: stretching or tear of muscle; sudden stretch on actively contracting muscle

Sprain: stretching or tearing of a ligament***; sudden trauma

33
Q

avulsion fx def

A

5th metatarsal of foot

34
Q

plantar fascitis presentation

dx

A

pain with dorsiflexion:
Heel pain, tenderness; pain intense by rising from a resting position, standing & walking

X-ray: rule out heel spur or fracture

35
Q

muscle contusion monitor for

A

compartment syndrome

6ps PAIN, PALLOR, PARESTHESIA, PULSELESSNESS, PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE-WARM TO TOUCH

36
Q

shin splits def

dx- imaging?

tx

A

Inflammation of tibial periosteum secondary to repetitive muscle contraction; small muscle tears

xray rule out stress fx

Limit activity to soft surfaces, decrease activity, NSAIDs, ice massage, orthotics, stretching

37
Q

treatment stress fracture (meds+ other)

dx imaging again at? other imaging?

A

NO NSAIDS, TYLENOL ONLY

Rest, activity modifications, splint/brace, protective weight bearing

xray again at 3-4 weeks, bone scan/MRI to confirm

38
Q

arthritis types

A

osteo, rheumatoid, septic, gouty

39
Q

burner and stingers
def

sx- describe sensation

PE

tx- return to sports?

A

Injury to nerve roots exiting the spinal cord

sx Electric shock or lightening bolt down arm into hand; burning; numbness; weakness

weakness, decrease sensation, reflexes

No return to contact sports until resolved; physical therapy

40
Q

whiplash

dx- imaging?

A

Acceleration-deceleration of the neck with rapid flexion-extension; ligament/muscle injury

xray and mri

41
Q

low back pain def acute vs chronic

A

Acute: fracture vs muscle/ligamentous injury
Chronic: pain for 3 months or longer

42
Q

PE low back pain acute vs. chronic

A

Acute: tenderness, decrease forward flexion

Chronic: tenderness, exhibit side or forward stance, may have + straight-leg raise test; inconsistent actions → sensitivity to light touch, inappropriate pain behaviors, nonanatomic localization of symptoms

43
Q

ligaments connect?

tendons connect?`

A

bone to bone

muscle to bone

44
Q

vertebrae spine

A 
Cervical- 7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar- 5
Sacral- 5
Coccygeal Vertebrae- 3 - 4
45
Q 
musculoskeletal change with age
-
-
-
-
-
A 
tendons less elastic
Decreased reaction time & ROM
Increased bone resorption
Decreased bone density
Deterioration of cartilage around joints
46
Q

parts of cerebral cortex and what they control

A 
Frontal: Concerned with personality, behavior, emotions, and intellectual function
Parietal: Primary center for sensation
Occipital: Primary visual 
receptor center
Temporal: Primary auditory
reception center
47
Q

wernickes
broca
basal ganglia

what do they control?

A

Wernicke’s Area: language, temporal
Broca’s Area: speech, frontal
Basal Ganglia: bands of gray matter, control automatic associated movements of the body, eg: arm swing alternating with the legs during walking.

48
Q

thalmus

hypothalmus

A

sensory, movement

hypo- temp regulation, emotion, hunger, thirst, circadian rhythm

49
Q

cerebelum located?

controls

A

occipital

movement, balance, posture

50
Q

brain stem controls

A

Breathing
Heart Rate
Blood Pressure

51
Q

where does spinal cord end

A

Cauda equina - a bundle of nerves occupying the spinal column below the spinal cord in most vertebrates that consists of nerve roots and rootlets attached to the spinal cord. It serves the legs.

52
Q

peripheral nerve function

send ___ between ___ and ____

A

send messages between body and spinal cord

53
Q

reflex normal

A

2+

54
Q

cranial nerve function mneumonic

A

Some Say Marry Money; But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter Most

55
Q

cranial nerves

A

On (olf) old (optic) Olympus’s (oculomotor) towering (trochlear) top (trigeminal) a (abducens) Finn (facial) and (acoustic- vestibulo) German(glossopharyngeal) viewed (vagus) some (spinal) hops (hypoglossal)

56
Q

chronic low back pain meds

imaging?

A

nsaid, opiate, topamax

do not unless suspect fracture, cauda

57
Q

patellar tracking test

A

lie flat leg straight, hold patella on medial and lateral side

+= normal movement

58
Q

mcmurray

A

meniscal tear

59
Q

how to do reduction of nurse maid elbow

A

90 degrees in supination

Primary care II (13 decks)

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