ortho Flashcards
Baker’s cyst history
old woman, twisting motion when getting out a car, pain on weight bearing, 4cm non tender lump just inferior to popliteal fossa, becomes tense on extending the leg
Oedema in a burns patients
hypoalbuminaemia
Cauda equina presentation
loss of anal tone, weakness, loss of sensation
When to offer MRI to patients with back pain
puts where malignancy, infection, fracture, cauda equina, ank spond is suspected
achilles tendon disorders
quinolone use (ciprofloxacin) associated with tendon disorders, hypercholesterolaemia (predisposes to tendon xanthomata)
examination in patient with prolapsed disc
straight leg raise - will not be normal
68 year old obese man, one day history of progressive lower back pain, no obvious trigger, no haemodynamic compromise
leaking abdo aneurysm
facet joint pain
pain worse in morning, and on standing, pain worse on extension of the back
spinal stenosis
gradual onset, pain, worse walking, better sitting down, leaning forwards
ank spond
young man, lower back pain and stiffness, stiffness worse in morning, eases with activity
PAD
pain on walking, relieved by rest
progression of frozen shoulder, aka adhesive capsulitis
initial painful stage followed by a period of joint stiffness, usually resolves with physio although may take up to 2 years to recover
rotator cuff tears
more common in elderly people, may occur following minor trauma, or as a result of long standing impingement, >2cm»_space; surgical repair
Peripheral neuropathy complicated viral illnesses (eg pain and weakness in shoulder having recently been unwell with glandular fever, winging of scapula)
parsonage - tuner syndrome
features of frozen shoulder
develops over days, external rotation more affected than internal rotation or abduction, both active and passive movement affected, patients have a painful freezing phase, adhesive phase, recovery phase
fracture where both sides or cortex are breached
complete
greenstick
unilateral cortical breach on
buckle
incomplete cortical disruption resulting in periosteal haematoma only
salter harris 1-5
1 - physis only, x ray may be normal
2 fracture through physics and metaphysis
3 fracture through physics and epiphysis (right angle going down)
4 fracture that involves physics, metaphysics and epiphysis (line going straight down)
5 - crush involving the physics
features of NIA
delayed presentation, delayed milestones, multiple injuries, lack of concordance
common peroneal nerve
supplies muscles of peroneal and anterior compartment of leg and sensation dorm of foot, travels through popliteal fossa, wraps around the head of the fibula
leg crossing, bed rest, hyperflexion of knee, pressure in obstetric stirrups and conditioning in ballet shoes – injury
metastatic breast cancer
increasing bony rest pain, waking from sleep, bloods –> raised serum calcium and alp
osteoporosis risk factors
age, female gender, steroids
haemarthrosis associations
rapid joint swelling, ACL and PCL
