Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Peds > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

Salter Harris I

A

Through growth plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Salter Harris II

A

Through growth plate and metaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Salter Harris III

A

Though growth plate and epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Salter Harris IV

A

Through metaphysics, epiphysis and physis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Salter Harris V

A

Physeal compression (complete obliteration of the growth plate) - High energy trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Least common fracture

A

Salter Harris V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most common fracture

A

Salter Harris II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Elbow fx associated w/ fat pad sign

A

Blood released into area (REFER)

* Ant sail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Most common elbow fracture in kids

A

Supracondylar fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Biggest concern about supracondylar fx

A

Neuromuscular fxn (Med Nerve - ant interosseous) = OK sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Clinical presentation of supracondylar fx

A

Swelling
Pain
Deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dx supracondylar fx

A

AP
Lateral
Oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mechanism of injury for supracondylar fx

A

FOOSH (distal humerus displaces posteriorly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Type I, II and III supracondylar fxs

A

I- Capitulum aligned w/ ant humeral line
II-Capitulum not aligned
Iii-Cortex separated **

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why aren’t ACE bandages indicated for mgt of supracondylar fxs

A

Can cut off blood flow
I/II- sling and refer, Ibuprofen
III - Emergent ortho consult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pinpoint tenderness to palpation over the lateral condyle w/ associated localized soft tissue swelling

A

Lateral condylar fx of distal humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dx for lateral condylar fx of distal humerus

A

AP, Lat, oblique

MRI to diff from transphyseal fx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mgt for lateral condylar fx of distal humerus

A

Emergent referral for disp >2mm

Splint, sling, NSAIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

complications with lateral condylar fx

A

Fishtail deformity (damages physis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Classic throwing elbow injury w/ pop

A

Medial epicondylar fx of distal humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What imaging do you need if you have elbow dislocation

A

CT- when you cnt find the fractured piece

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dx for epicondylar fx

A

AP, Lat, Oblique grays

R/O incarceration (little chip missing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Complications of medial condylar fx of distal humerus

A

Ulnar nerve palsy
Angular deformity
decreased ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Common cause of Radial neck fracture

A

FOOSH w/ valgus stress (skate boarding)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Tenderness to palpation over radial head w/ pain when sup & pronation > flexion & extension, w/ complaint of wrist pain
Radial head fx
26
Dx of radial neck fracture in chn
Clinical (no ossification of radial head)
27
Tx radial head/neck fx
Immobilize wrist (sling older, cast younger) Sling NSAIDS (Naproxen) Refer
28
Dislocation of radial head, 1-4yo
Nursemaid's elbow
29
Cause of nursemaid's elbow
sudden pull of pronated arm
30
Clinical presentation of nursemaid's elbow
Arm fully extended/slightly flexed + pronated | +/- pain, Don't want to supinate
31
Do you need imaging for Nursemaid's elbow
NO, clinical dx unless you suspect associated underlying fx
32
Mgt for nursemaid's elbow
Reduction by: * Supination, flexion w/ pressure over radial head * Hyperpronation w/ pressure over the radial head - Lollipop/popsicle test
33
Ulnar or radial shaft fx w/ dislocation of radial head
Monteggia fx
34
What should you consider when you see an isolated ulnar fx
Monteggia fx
35
What is the most important thing to do w/ Mlonteggia fx
Reducing the radial head or it won't go back in w/ out surgery
36
Dx of Monteggia fx
Xray, make sure you get imaging of elbow!!
37
Common cause of wrist fx
``` FOOSH Direct trauma (Hit by sting) ```
38
Dinner fork deformity
Wrist fx
39
Common locations of wrist fx
Distal radius | Metaphysis
40
Clinical presentation of wrist fracture
Point tenderness, swelling, ecchymosis
41
torus/buckle fx
Fx thru bone
42
Mgt of wrist fx
Splint, cast, reduction | Emergent referral w/ significant deformity or neuromuscular compromise
43
Most common carpal fx
Scaphoid
44
Dx of scaphoid fx
Clinical; TTP over anatomic snuff box Xrays: may be -ve, repeat in 10-14 days MRI; consider in elite athletes
45
Tx for scaphoid fx
Thumb spica splint
46
Major complication of wrist fracture
Avascular necrosis
47
What do you need to consider if child
Child abuse
48
clinical presentation of femur fracture
``` Hx of trauma Pain in groin or buttock Non-weight bearing Slight adduction w/ ext rotation +/- limb shortening ```
49
Dx femur fx
Xray entire length of femur
50
Tx femur fx
Hip spica cast vs surgery
51
Complications of femur fx
Shortening - displacement w/ overlap Lengthening - remodeling w/ extra bone Angulation
52
Fx special to kids
Patellar sleeve fx
53
Most common patellar fx in Kids
Patellar sleeve fx
54
Cause of patellar sleeve fx
Forced ext w/ knee flexion (patella riding high on X-ray)
55
Tx patella sleeve fx
Refer
56
Location of toddler's fx
Tibial shaft
57
Common cause of toddler's fx
falling while running w/ twisting mech
58
Sign of toddler's fx
Limping (Clinical Dx) | Xray: +/- visualized, spiral fx
59
Tx toddler's fx
Immobilize (splint/wee walker) | REFER
60
Cause of ankle fx
Rolling the ankle
61
Clinical presentation of ankle fx
TTP, localized swelling, ecchymosis
62
Dx ankle fx
Clinical (Exquisitely TTP over distal tibia and fib physis)
63
What do you need to rule out w/ ankle fx
Physeal widening (SH I)
64
Mgt ankle fx
Post splint (avoid ACE bandage) Elevate NSAIDS Non-weight bearing
65
Triplane fx mechanism
External rotation = EMERGENT- need surgery
66
How do you assess displacement in triplane fx
CT
67
What do you see on X-ray w/ triplane fx
SH III on AP view | SH II on lat view
68
Jones/ pseudo-jones, avulsion fx
Fx to base of 5th Metatarsal
69
Unilateral contraction of sternocleidomastoid w head tilt to shortened muscle and chin rotation to contralateral side
Torticollis
70
Etiology of torticollis
Compartment syndrome SCM 2˚ to venous outflow obstruction
71
What is torticollis strongly associated with
plagiocephaly
72
Tx for torticollis
Stretching/PT | Positioning educ
73
Lateral curve >10˚ w/ rotational component
Scoliosis
74
Etiology of scoliosis
Idiopathic, F>M, genetic component
75
Infantile/congenital scoliosis
zero to three yrs old
76
Juvenile scoliosis
four to nine yrs old
77
Adolescent scoliosis
older than ten years old
78
PE findings for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Shoulder/pelvic obliquity Assymentry of scapulae Adam's forward flexion exam (paraspinal prominences) Abdominal reflexes
79
Clinical presentation of scoliosis
Asymptomatic +/- pain obstructive lung (severe)
80
Dx scoliosis
Imaging: Cobb angle | AP/PA standing radiographs on LONG cassette
81
Tx scoliosis
TLSO brace - 25˚ (Boston Milwaukee Charleston bending) | Surgery - 45˚
82
Clinical presentation that makes you suspect of septic hip or transient synovitis
Hold leg in flexion and abducion | NWB / walk w/ limp
83
Kocher criteria
Diagnostic for septic hip (2/4) * WBC >12000 * ESR >40 * Fever >101.3 * Non weight bearing
84
How to distinguish btn septic hip and transient synovitis
Admin of high dose NSAIDS resolves transient synovitis temporarily otherwise its septic hip
85
Mgt of septic hip vs transient synovitis
Admiit | Emergent ortho referral (joint aspiration/surgical identification = diagnostic)
86
What do you need to image is s'one complains about knee pain
Hip
87
Thin extremely active male 4-8yo idiopathic AVn of femoral head complaining of hip pain
Legg calve perthes
88
Clinical presentation of legg calve perthes
- limp at the end of the day - Occasional pain in hip / knee region - Ltd ROM
89
Dx of legg calve perthes
Clinical | Xrays
90
Tx legg calve perthes
Observe, PT for ROM | Surgery to realign
91
Gradual course of perthes
Necrosis Fragmentation re-ossificatin Remodelling
92
What is the determinant of prognosis for perthes
Age of onset; younger = better
93
Slippage of femoral epiphysis "ice-cream falling off the cone)
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
94
population affected by SCFE
obese african america male 10-16yo
95
Clinical presentation of SCFE
limp NWB Knee pain Ltd ROM
96
Tx SCFE
urgent surgical consult (legal issue) - single screw fixation
97
What does evaluation of well child check for regarding Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Laxity Subluxation Dislocation
98
Risk factors of DDH
1st born female , BREECH POSITION, Family Hx, twin gestation
99
Dx DDH
Clinical: + Barlow +/- Ortolani = Ortho referal Galeazzi- hip shortening US - no X-ray use no ossification centers (-ve ortolani/barlow w/ risk factors)
100
at what age can you do radiographs for DDH
4-6mos ( four to six months)
101
DDH Tx
Pavlik harness Avoid swaddling Monitor w/ US until normal Radiograph after 6mos (six months)
102
Complication of DDH
Avascular necrosis - legal liability
103
Inflammation and irritation of patellar tendon insertion on tibial tubercle
Osgood Schlatter Dz
104
Clinical prestneaton
Focal tenderness of tibial tubercle w/ enlargement of tibial tubercle
105
Dx Osgood schlatter
Clinical | Xrays to rule out avulsion
106
Mgt osgood schlatter
Rest, ibuprofen, quad exercises, hamstring stretches, chopat strap Pain flares during rapid growth G: 10-11 B: 13-14
107
Inflammation and irritation of calcanea apophysis
Calcaneal apophysisits - Sever's dz
108
Cause of calcanea apophysisits
Overuse | Pull of achilles tendon (6-12yo)
109
Clinical presentation of calcaneal apophysitis
pain at calcaneal apophysis
110
Tx calcaneal apophysitis
Stretches and ice, NSAIDS
111
Risk factors of club foot
FHX, maternal smoking
112
Fixed deformity
Club foot (bilat/unilat)
113
What is the earliest club foot can be diagnosed
fetal US
114
What makes up club foot
``` CAVE C-Cavus (hooking of the foot) A-Adductus (curving foot) V-Varus E-Equinus (pointing down) ```
115
Tx Club foot
Ponseti casting 4-6wks
116
Genu varum and genu valgum
bow legged (Blount's dz, Rickets) vs knock kneed
117
What should you be concerned about with a non-reducing nurse maid's elbow
Entrapment of annular ligament - Refer
118
Goal of pre sports physical
Rule out life threatening conditions | identify conditions the require treatment plan
119
Do you need routine labs for pre sports physical
No
120
How many people are disqualified from play with pre-sports physical
1% (one percent)

Peds (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions