Oral Health Flashcards
When should the first dental visit occur
When teeth erupt (but the age of 1)
How many primary teeth are there
20
When should primary teeth erupt
by 3yo (4-15mos)
What is the normal appearance of the mouth with primary dentition
smooth firm pink gums with space between teeth
What is the major risk with primary teeth
Thin enamel (decay advances quickly)
Which babies are at risk for enamel defect/delayed eruption
- Premature
- Low birth weight
T/F; teeth may erupt out of normal sequence
True
Age of eruption of 1st permanent molar
6yo (6-12yo)
Where does primary dentition shedding begin
lower incisors
First sign of early decay (caries)
*Decalcification (reversible w/ plaque removal + fluoride)- Refer
Moderate caries
Brown/black spots on smooth +/- chewing surfaces - Refer ASAP
major risk of severe caries
Fracture
2nd-Infection
Tx severe carries
OR w/ anesthesia -Refer ASAP
Early childhood caries (ECC)
- # 1 chronic infectious disease
- Transmisible
What food component is ECC dependent on
refined carbs
Risk factors for high risk carries
- Premature/low birthweight
- low socioeconomic/educ level
- Mother/caregiver/siblings hv cavities
- chn w/ special health care needs
- bottle use after 15mo/sweets & starchy snacks >3x/day
Bottle feeding content
breast milk
formula
water
Baby can only fall asleep w/ bottle containing
water
T/F; Breast milk is cariogenic
F
When should oral hygiene begin
once teeth are present (wipe teeth after feeding; breast/bottle)
When to introduce sippy cup
Child can sit unsupported
By what age should you eliminate the bottle
1yo
When can chn hv juice
Mealtime
What can chn hv btwn meals
Milk
Water
What cn child hv at bed/nap time
Water only
What kind of foods should chn avoid
Sticky food
What kind of food should parents provide
Fruits and vegetables
What should you discourage parents from doing/allowing regarding feeding
- Pretasting
- prechewing
- sharing utensils/pacifier
- Grazing (esp carbs)
Term for Emergence of primary teeth
Teething
What is norm w/ teething
Tender swollen gums
What is NOT norm w/ teething
- Diarrhea
- Rashes
- Fever
tips for teething
- Something cold to chew on (pacifier, teething ring)
- Wash teething ring regularly
- Rub gums
- Acetaminophen (Don’t use OTC oral teething gel)
What age should kids quit a pacifier
4yo
Effects of prolonged non-nutritive sucking
Problems w/ teeth/jaws (open bite/overbite)
Norm non-nutritive sucking age range
2-4yo
Tooth brushing
Soft tooth brush (parent)
Tooth brushing 1-2yo
smear of toothpaste (parent)
Tooth brushing 1-6yo
Pea-size fluoride toothpaste 2x/day (parent/supervise)
Tooth brushing >6yo
Brush w/ fluoride toothpaste 2x/day (kid)
Importance of fluoride
Effective prevention of ECC
Sources of fluoride
- Community tap water
- Some bottled water
Danger of excessive systemic Fluoride
Fluorosis (don’t swallow)
At what age does threat of fluorosis appear
8yo
Toddler/infant toothbrush recommendation
Small head, large handle
At what age can a child start brushing his own teeth
6yo
When should flossing begin
When teeth touch (Parent-until 8-10yo)
Most common congenital anomaly of orofacial region
Cleft lip/palate
Orofacial cleft B:G ratio
3:2 (three to two)
Cleft lip & palate cooccurance B:G ratio
2:1 (two to one)
Types of clefts
- Unilateral cleft lip
- Bilateral cleft lip
- Bifid uvula
- cleft palate
- cleft lip and palate
What specialists are on a cleft team
- Gen/Ped dentist + orthodontist
- prosthodontist
- plastic surgeon
- ENT
- Audiologist
- Ped/PA
- Speech pathologist
- Psych
When does a cleft lip happen
5th - 10th wk
%age of clefts in which genetics is implicated
20-30%
Cleft palate feeding problems (2)
- Cnt form -ve pressue for sucking (Use Extended nipple)
- Swallowing air (burping frequently, feed upright)
Why are cleft palate kids susceptible to ear infections
-Slack palate closes middle air space = -drainage -> bacteria accumulate in fluid -> hearing impairment/perm damage
Cleft palate speech problems (4)
- Retardation of consonants
- hypernasality after surgery
- Articulation
- Hearing
Cleft lip/palate associated anomalies
30% club foot - neuro
10% congenital heart disease
10% mental retardation
Goal of tx of cleft palate/lip
- Face that doesn’t attract attn
- Vocal apparatus thf facilitates speech
- Fxnal dentition + Esthetic
How often is nasoalveolar molding worn
24hrs (remove only to clean)
3mo - unilateral
6mo- bilateral
Aim of NAM
Aid w/ feeding
Dental problems w/ cleft lip/palate
Absence of teeth/supernumeraries
