Ortho Flashcards
Epiphysis
Head, where growth occurs
Metaphysis
Neck
Where remodeling occurs
Diaphysis
Shaft
Cotical and cancellous bone
Torticollis
SCM gets tight, pulls head to one side.
Ear to the gorund, yes to the sky
Can be vongenital or acquired
Clubfoot
1:1,000
Talus plantar flexed
Can be treated with a series of casts
Congenital Hip Dysplasia
2 - 17: 1,000
Breech position
Barlow and ortolani to dx
CHD w/ bony deformity
Surgery is required
Femoral osteotomy
Septic Arthritis of the Hip
Febrile, acutely ill
Hip flexed, externally rotated
Staph A.
I&D, IV Abx
When does foot arch start to form?
Around 4 years.
In-Toeing
Metatarsus Adductus
Treatment rarely indicated
Genu Varum
Bow legs (out).
Usually corrects by age 4.
Blounts dz may need bracing or surgery
Genu Valgum
Knock knees (knees bent in)
Most correct spontaneously.
After age 11 may need surgery
Nursemaid’s Elbow
Radial head subluxation
Caused by sudden pull on extended, pronated arm.
Nursemaid’s elbow tx
Gently flex, supinate elbow and press on radial head.
Happens in x-ray often
Where to clavicle fx’s most offen occur in peds?
MIddle third
Common under age 7
Calcaneal Apophysitis
Sever’s Dz
Heel pain associated w/ overuse
Squeeze test to dx
Calcaneal apophysitis tx
Heel pad
Achilles stretching
NSAIDS
Perthes Dz
Loss of blood supply to femoral head.
Head can collapse and subluxate
Males 6-8 yrs
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
Most common cause of hip pain in adolescents.
Most patients are larger
Males > Females
Surgical Tx
Pelvic Apophysitis
Growth centers in pelvis
Inflammation of avulsion
Usually minimally displaced
Nonsurgical tx
Snapping Hip
IT band slipping over great trochanter.
Often tender over trochanter
Stretch and reassure to tx
Peds knee injuries
Generally at bone tendon jxn
Patellofemoral arthralgia
Patello-femoral arthralgia (PFA)
Chondromalacia patellae
Girls > boys
Sore kneecap, diffuse discomfort.
Pain with stairs, cant sit w/ bent knee
Osgood Schlatter’s
Inflammaiton where patellar tendon inserts tibia
Leaves a lump
Pt usually outgrows it
Prominent, tender tibial tuburcle = ?
Osgood schlatters
Jumper’s knee
Tendonitis where patellar tendon originates (below patella).
Anterior knee pain
RICE tx
IT Band Tendonitis
Lateral, knee pain
Tender lateral epicondyle
Running/biking
RICE tx
Patellar dislocation
2:1 women
Externally rotated or bent knee.
Reduce w/ extension
Shin Splints
Medial tibial stress syndrome.
Tender along posterior medial border or tibia.
Diffuse pain
Most common ligament for sprained ankle
Anterior talo-fibular ligament
RICE tx
Spondylosis
Stress fx of pars
Repetitive hyperextension of back.
Progressive low back pain w/ activity.
RICE, brace
Scoliosis
Side bend of back
Idiopatic or congenital
observation, bracing or fusion
Kyphosis
Increased thoracic curvature.
Postural usually seen in girls, bracing corrects
Scheuermann’s Dz
Osteochondritis of the spine.
Wedged vertebrae
Usually seen in boys
May need surgery
Boxer’s Fx
Fx of 4th or 5th metacarpal neck.
Most heal in 3-4 wks in splint
