ENT, Resp ID

Question 1

What age can kids have decongestants?

Answer 1

8 years

Question 2

otitis in 6 mo - 2yo

Answer 2

Treat aggressively w/ abx

Question 3

Otitis Media

Answer 3

Peak incidence 6-36 months

Question 4

Most common OM bug

Answer 4

Strep
H. Flu
M. Cat

Question 5

First-line therapy for AOM

Answer 5

Amoxacillin

Question 6

What if amox fails in first 1-2 days

Answer 6

Augmentin

Question 7

Do abx decrease complications of AOM?

Answer 7

Nope

Question 8

OE Bugs

Answer 8

Staph A
Pseudo (swimmers)
Proteus

Question 9

OE Tx

Answer 9

Clean ear canal w/ hydrogen peroxide and water.
Corticosporin
CIpro HC
Tobradex

Question 10

Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis

Answer 10

More common in older kids.
Uncommon in kids <2 yrs.
Usually VIRAL.

Question 11

Most common bacterial cause of Pharyngitis

Answer 11

Strep Pyogens

Question 12

GABHS Throat Tx

Answer 12

PCN 1st line

Z-pack

Question 13

Epstein-Barr Virus

Answer 13

Mononucleosis
Malaise, beefy red tonsils and exudate.
Splenomegaly
Afebrile

Question 14

What would suggest a viral cause of pharyngitis?

Answer 14

Vessicles

Clear exudate

Question 15

Cobblestoning =?

Answer 15

Allergy

Question 16

Herpangina

Answer 16

Caused by enterovirus

High fever, small ulcers on erythematous base on tonsils, palate and uvula

Question 17

Hand, foot and mouth dz

Answer 17

Coxsackie virus
Vesicles or red papules found on tongue, mouth, hands and feet.
Mild fever, malaise

Question 18

What will a smear show with mono?

Answer 18

Atypical lymphocytes

Question 19

URI symptoms and ST suggest what?

Answer 19

NOT Strep

Viral, allergy

Question 20

Apthous stomatitis

Answer 20

Canker sour
one or several small ulcers on insides of lips or elsewhere in mouth.
Last 1-2 weeks

Question 21

Gingivostomatitis

Answer 21

Caused by HSV
Fever, cervical lymphadenopathy
Lasts about a week
Antivirals, topical prep

Question 22

Croup

Answer 22

Laryngotrachealbronchitis
Often caused by parainfluenza virus.
Ages 6mo - 3 yrs
Barking cough and stridor

Question 23

Croup tx

Answer 23

Dexamethasone

Stridor at rest: racemic epi

Question 24

Most common bug causing epiglottitis?

Answer 24

H. Flu type B

Question 25

Thumb sign =?

Answer 25

Epiglottitis

Question 26

Steeple sign =

Answer 26

Croup

Question 27

S/S of mumps

Answer 27

Parotid gland swelling Aseptic meningitis Pancreatitis Orchitis, epididymitis

Question 28

Heterophile antibody test

Answer 28

EBV Monospot Can be negative early in the course of illness

Question 29

Kawasaki Dz

Answer 29

Vasculitis of unknown origin affecting medium sized arteries. Exclusively pediatric

Question 30

Kawasaki labs

Answer 30

Hypoalbuminemia Thrombocytosis Elevated ESR

Question 31

Kawasaki diagnosis

Answer 31

Fevor for over 5 days PLUS 4 of 5 of these criteria: 1: rash 2: mucous membrane involvement 3: Unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy 4: Nonpurulent conjunctivitis 5: Swollen hands and feet

Question 32

Kawasaki complications

Answer 32

Cardiac: vascilitis, aneurysm, infarction, arrhythmias, CHF

Question 33

Kawasaki dz is leading cause of?

Answer 33

Acquired heart dz in children

Question 34

Kawasaki Tx

Answer 34

High dose ASA | 2 days IVIG

Question 35

Rubeola (Measles)

Answer 35

Direct viral infxn of epidermis. | High fever, dry cough, rhinitis, rash

Question 36

Measles rash?

Answer 36

Koplik spots Tiny white dots on red base appearing on buccal mucosa. Full body rash

Question 37

Rubella

Answer 37

German Measles | Uncommon in US

Question 38

Why do we vaccinate against rubella?

Answer 38

Congenital rubella syndrome | Rash is fainter than rubeola and does not coalesce.

Question 39

Roseola

Answer 39

From HHV-6 Very common Abrupt onset high fever Seizures

Question 40

Roseola rash

Answer 40

Erythematous maculopapular rash following resolution of fever.

Question 41

Fifth Dz

Answer 41

Parvovirus B19 Erythema infectiosum Slapped cheek dz mild illness

Question 42

Dew drop on a rose petal

Answer 42

Varicella (chickenpox)

Question 43

What rash does rubella cause in newborn?

Answer 43

Blueberry muffin rash

Question 44

Pityriasis Rosea

Answer 44

Idiopathic, harmless dz | First sign is herald patch followed by central trunk lesions

Question 45

Herald sign

Answer 45

Pityriasis Rosea

Question 46

Bronchiolitis

Answer 46

Inflammation of lower airways. RSV is usual cause Can progress to respiratory failure. Supportive mgmt

Question 47

Bronchitis

Answer 47

Coarse bronchial sounds Nornal CBC, CXR Usually viral

Question 48

Pneumonia

Answer 48

Most peds cases are viral | Unable to predict, so treat with abx

Question 49

Pertussis

Answer 49

Whooping cough | Making a comeback

Question 50

What causes whooping cough

Answer 50

Bordetella pertussis

Question 51

How long does pertussis last?

Answer 51

4 - 12 wks

Question 52

Pertussis course

Answer 52

Insidious onset, URI sx | After 2 wks, whooping cough starts (2-4 wks)

Question 53

Pertussis tx

Answer 53

Erythromycin for 2 wks | Azithromycin for 5-7 days

Question 54

Bronchiectasis

Answer 54

ABnormal dilation and distortion of bronchial tree | CF is most common cause.

Question 55

Varicella rash

Answer 55

Starts centrally and on neck, spreads outward