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ORTHO MIDTERMS > Ortho 2 midterm exam > Flashcards

Ortho 2 midterm exam Flashcards

1
Q

Occurs when the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar occludes in the mesiobuccal groove of the lower first molar.

A

Normal occlusion

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2
Q

Same as normal occlusion but characterized by crowding, rotations, and other positional irregularities

A

Class I malocclusion

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3
Q

The non- orthodontic normal models consistently demonstrated that the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first permanent molar occluded with the mesiobuccal groove of the lower first molar.

A

Key 1: Molar relationship.

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4
Q

The gingival portion of the long axes of all crowns was more distal than the incisal portion

A

Key 2: Crown angulation (tip)

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5
Q

refers to the labiolingual or buccolingual inclination of the long axis of the crown, not to the inclination of the long axis of the entire tooth.

A

Key 3: Crown inclination (torque)

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6
Q

The fourth key to normal occlusion is that the teeth should be free of undesirable rotations. Figure below shows superimposed molar outline showing how the molar, if rotated, would occupy more space than normal, creating a situation unreceptive to normal occlusion.

A

Key 4: No rotations

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7
Q

The fifth key is that the contact points should be tight (no spaces). Persons who have genuine tooth-size discrepancies pose special problems, but in the absence of such abnormalities tight contact should exist. Without exception, the contact points on the nonorthodontic normals were tight. (Serious tooth-size discrepancies should be corrected with jackets or crowns, so the orthodontist will not have to close spaces at the expense of good occlusion.)

A

Key 5: No spaces

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8
Q

slight curve of Spee. The planes of occlusion found on the nonorthodontic normal models.

A

Key 6: The occlusal plane

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9
Q
  • deals with the tooth system
  • teeth are malposed
A

Dental dysplasia

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10
Q

-Too forward mx. and md.
- deals with the bone system
Neuromuscular immaturity (habits)
-Deals with the neuromuscular system

A

Skeletal Dysplasia

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11
Q

The mesiobuccal cusp of upper first permanent molar occludes in the embrasure between the lower second premolar and first permanent molar

A

Class II

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12
Q
  1. Bilateral distoclusion with labioversion of the maxillary anterior teeth (Naka palabas yung maxillary)
  2. both side ay class ___
A
  1. Class II Div 1
  2. Class II
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13
Q
  1. unilateral distoclusion with labioversion of the maxillary anterior
A

Class II Div 1 Subdivision

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14
Q
  1. bilateral distoclusion with linguoversion of the maxillary central incisors (nakapalabas)
  2. Both side ay ___
A
  1. Class II Div 2
  2. Class II
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15
Q
  1. unilateral distoclusion with linguoversion of the maxillary central incisors
  2. Isang side lang ang…
A
  1. Class II Division 2 Subdivision
  2. Class II
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16
Q

The MB cusp of the maxillary first molar is situated over the embrasure between the mandibular first and second molar.

A

Class III

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17
Q

Modified Class I malocclusion with-

A

Type 1: Crowded anterior teeth.
Type 2: Protrusive maxillary incisors.
Type 3: Anterior crossbite.
Type 4: Buccoversion or linguoversion of posterior teeth.
Type 5: Mesial or distal drifting of posterior teeth

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18
Q

Dewey’s Modification of Angle’s Class III are-

A

Type 1 : Edge to edge

Type 2 : Crowding, upper incisors labial in relation to the lower incisors
Type 3 : Crowding, (CROSSBITE) upper incisors lingual in relation to the lower incisors

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19
Q

Simon’s Classification are— (craniometric classification)

A

– Frankfurt Horizontal
- Orbital
-Midsagittal

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20
Q

FRANKFURT HORIZONTAL PLANE
1. Away from the plane
2. Near from the plane

A
  1. ATTRACTION
  2. ABSTRACTION
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21
Q

Example of Attraction

A

Open bite

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22
Q

Example of abstraction

A

Deep bite

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23
Q
  1. ORBITAL PLANE are
  2. Anterior to the plane
  3. Posterior to the plane
A
  1. Protraction/Retraction
  2. Protraction
  3. Retraction
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24
Q
  1. Midsagittal plane are..
  2. Away from the plane
  3. Near from the plane
A
  1. Distraction/Contraction
  2. Distraction
  3. Contraction
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25
Q

Ackerman-Proffit Classification are…

A

yung mga group

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26
Q

Ackerman-Proffit Classification Group 1 are:

A

> Alignment
common to all dentitions
universe
* ideal
* crowded
* spacing
* mutilated

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27
Q

What are the group of the ff according ackerman-proffit?
> Alignment
> common to all dentitions
> universe
* ideal
* crowded
* spacing
* mutilated

A

Group 1

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28
Q

what are Ackerman-proffit Group 2?

A

> Profile
major sets
* straight
* convex
* concave

  • glabella, subnasale and chin
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29
Q

What are the group of the ff according ackerman-proffit?
> Profile
> major sets
* straight
* convex
* concave

  • glabella, subnasale and chin
A

Group 2

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30
Q

What are under Group 3 ackerman proffit?

A

> Lateral or transverse
types of posterior crossbites
* contraction
* distraction

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31
Q

What are the group of the ff according ackerman-proffit?
> Lateral or transverse
> types of posterior crossbites
* contraction
* distraction

A

Group 3

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32
Q

What are under Group 4 ackerman proffit?

A

Sagittal or anteroposterior
> Angle’s classification
* anterior crossbites
* protraction
* retraction

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33
Q

What are the group of the ff according ackerman-proffit?

> Sagittal or anteroposterior
Angle’s classification
* anterior crossbites
* protraction
* retraction

A

Group 4

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34
Q

What are under Group 5 ackerman proffit?

A

> Vertical
bite depth
* deep bite
* open bite
* attraction
* abstraction

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35
Q

What are the group of the ff according ackerman-proffit?
> Vertical
> bite depth
* deep bite
* open bite
* attraction
* abstraction

A

Group 5

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36
Q

Group 6

A

> intersects 3 & 4
transagittal direction
example:
Class II with posterior crossbite
Class II – sagittal
posterior crossbite - transverse

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37
Q

What are the group of the ff according ackerman-proffit?
> intersects 3 & 4
> transagittal direction
example:
Class II with posterior crossbite
Class II – sagittal
posterior crossbite - transverse

A

Group 6

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38
Q

Group 7

A

Intersects 4 & 5
> Sagitto-vertical direction
> examples:
* Class II overbite of 4 mm
* Class II – aneroposterior plane
* Overbite - vertical

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39
Q

What are the group of the ff according ackerman-proffit?
Intersects 4 & 5
> Sagitto-vertical direction
> examples:
* Class II overbite of 4 mm
* Class II – aneroposterior plane
* Overbite - vertical

A

Group 7

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40
Q

Group 8

A

> intersects 3 & 5
transvertical direction
ex. Deep bite with posterior crossbite

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41
Q

What are the group of the ff according ackerman-proffit?>Intersects 3 & 5
> transvertical direction
> ex. Deep bite with posterior crossbite

A

Group 8

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42
Q

Group 9

A

> Intersects 3, 4 & 5
trans-sagitto-vertical direction
example:
* Class II w/ posterior crossbite and
excessive openbite
* Class II – anteroposterior plane
* post. crossbite - transverse
* open bite - vertical

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43
Q

What are the group of the ff according ackerman-proffit?
> Intersects 3, 4 & 5
> trans-sagitto-vertical direction
> example:
* Class II w/ posterior crossbite and
excessive openbite
* Class II – anteroposterior plane
* post. crossbite - transverse
* open bite - vertical

A

Group 9

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44
Q

Characterized by a short and wide face, usually presents a flat mandibular plane angle. A deep bite is frequently associated with this facial type.

A

Brachyfacial

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45
Q

the average face. If a malocclusion is present, its etiological factors will generally be more dentoalveolar in nature and usually require less complex orthodontic treatment.

A

Mesofacial

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46
Q

A long and narrow face characterizes is? the maxilla exhibits excessive vertical growth and the mandibular plane is steeper than normal. This growth pattern will result in long and narrow alveolar dental arches in the upper arch and produce a clockwise rotation of the mandible during growth.

A

Dolichofacial

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47
Q

Arch form is broad

A

Brachyfacial

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48
Q

Arch form is long and narrow

A

Dolichofacial

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49
Q

Arch form is average

A

Mesofacial

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50
Q

A convex profile indicates a skeletal Class __ jaw relationship

A

Class II

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51
Q

A concave profile indicates a skeletal Class __ jaw relationship.

A

Class III

52
Q

What are under general factors (HEREDITY)?

A

A. Racial Influence
B. Facial Type
C. Growth & Development Pattern
D. Specific Dentofacial Morphologic Characteristics

53
Q

What are under general factors CONGENITAL DEFECTS?

A

A. Cleft lip & palate
B. Cerebral Palsy
C. Torticollis
D. Cleidocranial Dysostosis
E. Congenital Syphilis

54
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF CLEFT
-soft palate w/ possible notching of hard palate.

A

Class I

55
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF CLEFT
- soft & hard palate but no alveolar ridge affected

A

Class II

56
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF CLEFT
-complete unilateral lip jaw palate cleft

A

Class III

57
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF CLEFT
- complete bilateral lip jaw palate cleft

A

Class IV

58
Q

It has an abnormal muscular function during mastication, deglutition, respiration and speech.

A

Cerebral Palsy

59
Q

what is the general factor of cerebral palsy?

A

Congenital defects

60
Q

bizarre facial asymmetry with uncorrectable dental malocclusion.

A

Torticollis

61
Q
  • maxillary retrusion & mandibular protrusion
  • retained deciduous teeth until middle age
  • late eruption of permanent teeth
  • short and thin roots of permanent teeth
  • supernumerary teeth are common
A

Cleidocranial Dysostosis

62
Q

What are under cleidocranial dysostosis?

A
  • maxillary retrusion & mandibular protrusion
  • retained deciduous teeth until middle age
  • late eruption of permanent teeth
  • short and thin roots of permanent teeth
  • supernumerary teeth are common
63
Q

variation in shape of teeth and malposed teeth

A

Congenital Syphilis

64
Q

Describe Congenital Syphilis

A

variation in shape of teeth and malposed teeth

65
Q

What are under general factor of environment?

A
  1. Prenatal
  2. Postnatal
66
Q

what are under Prenatal?

A

•Pierre Robin Syndrome
- micromandible
•Treacher Collin Syndrome
- mandibular dysostosis
•Vogelgesicht
- inhibited growth of mandible due to ankylosis Of tmj may result to trauma.
•Drug induced deformities
- such as thalidomide that caused absence of limbs.
• German Measles
- congenital deformities

67
Q

What are under postnatal?

A

*Falls
-Facial asymmetry caused by condylar fracture
*Burn
-Extensive scar tissue produces malocclusion
*Plaster neck cast
-Fractured cervical vertebrae has a strong elevating force on the mandible & forced the max incisor to fit into deep impression of the palate.
Prolonged Milwaukee Brace
- Deep bite and labioverted maxillary incisors

68
Q

Pierre Robin Syndrome has…

A

micromandible

69
Q

Treacher Collin Syndrome has…

A

mandibular dysostosis

70
Q

Vogelgesicht___

A

inhibited growth of mandible due to ankylosis of tmj may result to trauma.

71
Q

Drug induced deformities___

A

such as thalidomide that caused absence of limbs.

72
Q

German Measles__

A

congenital deformities

73
Q

Falls–

A

Facial asymmetry caused by condylar fracture

74
Q

Burn

A

Extensive scar tissue produces malocclusion

75
Q

Plaster neck cast

A

Fractured cervical vertebrae has a strong elevating force on the mandible & forced the max incisor to fit into deep impression of the palate.

76
Q

Prolonged Milwaukee Brace

A

Deep bite and labioverted maxillary incisors

77
Q

What are under general factor of PREDISPOSING METABOLIC CLIMATE AND DISEASES?

A

A. Acute febrile disease
B. Exanthematous fever
C. Poliomyelitis
D. Thyroid disturbances
- Hypothyroidism(Cretin)
- Hyperthyroidism

78
Q

Retardation of growth and development

A

Acute Febrile

79
Q

Upset timetable of tooth
development

A

Exanthematous fever

80
Q

bizarre malocclusion and muscle paralysis

A

Poliomyelitis

81
Q

retained dec. teeth, abnormal resorption of deciduous teeth, and delayed in the eruption of permanent dentition.

A

Thyroid disturbances

82
Q

gingival disturbance

A

Hypothyroidism

83
Q

class III, anterior open bite & large tongue

A

Cretin

84
Q

delayed eruption of permanent dentition in general factors

A

Euthyroid/ pituitary dwarf

85
Q

large mandible, post development of condylar growth & multiple resorption

A

Acromegaly/hyperpituitarism

86
Q

What are under general factors of DIETARY PROBLEMS?

A

•Rickets / vit D deficiency
-softening of bones
•Scurvy / vit C deficiency
-spongy gums & loosening
of teeth
•Beri-beri / vit B deficiency
- chapped lips
- inflammation of mouth &

87
Q

softening of bones

A

Rickets / vit D deficiency

88
Q

spongy gums & loosening of teeth

A

Scurvy / vit C deficiency

89
Q
  • chapped lips
  • inflammation of mouth &
A

Beri-beri / vit B deficiency

90
Q
  • prolonged retention of deciduous teeth
    -premature loss
    -abnormal eruptive path
A

Other effects on dentition of dietary problem

91
Q

mandibular retrusion caused by stoop shouldered child with pressure on the chin .

A

Posture

92
Q

Non vital deciduous teeth would result to abnormal resorption pattern.

A

Trauma or accidents

93
Q

No. 1 normal habit

A

Thumbsucking

94
Q

what age of thumsucking, naturally resolved, if persist the use of pacifier is advised?

A

0-3

95
Q

what age of thumb-sucking caused by anxiety palatal crib treatment of choice?

A

3-7 y/o

96
Q

what age of thumbsucking requires psychotherapy/ dentist psychologist/ physician?

A

4 y/o and above

97
Q

what appliance needed in thumb-sucking?

A

Palatal Crib Appliance

98
Q

Effects of thumb-sucking?

A

•Protrusion of maxillary segment
•Retrusion of mandibular segment
•Deep palatal vault
•Open bite
•Cross bite, post. Open bite
• Tongue thrusting habit

99
Q

psychological excessive overjet/overbite, thumbsucking, tonsillitis/pharyngitis

A

Tongue Thrusting

100
Q

Effects of tongue thrusting?

A

-anterior open bite
-labioversion of anterior teeth
-posterior open bite

101
Q

Choice of appliance in tongue thrusting?

A

Tongue crib

102
Q

psychological class 1 type 2 and class II

A

Lip Bitting

103
Q

Effects of lower lip bitting

A

protrusion of max.anterior teeth
& retrusion of mand. anterior teeth

104
Q

Effects of upper lip bitting

A

Retrusion of max. anterior teeth
& protrusion of mand.anterior teeth

105
Q

Appliance of choice in lip bitting

A

lip bumper/ plumper
denholtz – upper lip biting
mayne – lower lip biting

106
Q

effects of cheek bitting

A

post. Open bite
post. Cross bite
ulcer on the mucosa

107
Q

Appliance of choice in cheek bitting

A

Buccal shield appliance

108
Q

Cause is nasal congestion/ obstruction

A

Mouth breathing

109
Q

effects of mouth breating

A

bimaxillary protrusion
open bite
chapped lips

110
Q

Appliance of choice in mouth breathing

A

oral screen appliance

111
Q

cause is psychological overfilled restoration excessive vertical dimension

A

Night grinding

112
Q

Effects of night grinding (bruxism)

A

abrasion
trauma on periodontal tissue

113
Q

Appliance of choice in night grinding

A

Night guard appliance

114
Q

Local factors anomalies in number

A

Supernumerary teeth
Missing Teeth

115
Q

Supernumerary teeth leads to…

A

Crowding

116
Q

Missing teeth leads to…

A

spacing

117
Q

ANOMALIES IN TOOTH SIZE (hereditary sya)

A

MOSTLY IN PREMOLAR

•Macrodontia: leads to crowding
•Microdontia: leads to spacing

118
Q

ANOMALIES IN TOOTH SHAPE

A

• Peg shaped lateral
- most common leads to spacing
• Mandibular 2nd premolar
- may have extra lingual cusp

119
Q

ABNORMAL LABIAL FRENUM

A

•Leads to diastema
•Blanche test
•frenectomy

120
Q

PREMATURE LOSS OF DECIDUOUS TEETH (local factors)

A

*Leads to decrease arch length, drifting of adjacent teeth and insufficient space for the erupting permanent tooth
*Need Space maintainer

121
Q

PROLONGED RETENTION OF DECIDUOUS TEETH

A

•Cause is Hereditary
•Endocrine imbalance
• hypothyroidism

Leads to crowding (permanent successor is erupting but deciduous tooth is still present)

122
Q

DELAYED ERUPTION OF PERMANENT TEETH (local factors)

A

Causes:
*Endocrine imbalance: hypothyroidism
*Road block (supernumerary,root fragments)
*Mucosal barriers
*Early loss of deciduous teeth
*Leads to drifting of adjacent permanent teeth

123
Q

ABNORMAL ERUPTIVE PATH

A

Causes:
•Hereditary, Crowding, supernumerary
•Retained dec teeth, Root fragment
•Bony barrier, Coronal cyst
•Ectopic eruption, accident
•Uneven root resorption of deciduous tooth
•Leads to crossbite; malposed tooth

124
Q

ANKYLOSIS

A

•Bony bridge bet lamina & cementum
• due to accidents/trauma
•Leads to infraversion/nfraocclusion

125
Q

DENTAL CARIES

A

•Premature loss of teeth
•Overeruption
•Drifting of adjacent teeth
•Abnormal axial inclination
•Shorten arch length/perimeter

126
Q

IMPROPER DENTAL RESTORATIONS

A

•Increase/decrease arch length
•Increase/decrease vertical dimension

ORTHO MIDTERMS (9 decks)

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