Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ALS > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

Carpal Tunnel

A

Compression of the median nerve (palmar digital branch) as it travels between carpals and flexor retinaculum

RF - repetitive strain, pregnancy, perimenopause, obesity, RA, DM, acromegaly, hypothyroid

= sensory symptoms from thumb to lateral ring finger, reduced thumb abduction, wasting of thenar eminence, Tinel’s (tapping), Phalen’s (pray)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Carpal Tunnel: Management

A

Inv - nerve conduction (prolonged AP in motor and sensory fibres)

-> 6wks conservative management (steroid injection, wrist splint), surgical decompression if severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hip Dislocation

A

Posterior (90%) = shortened, adducted, internally rotated

Anterior: abducted, externally rotated, no shortening

-> reduce under GA <4hrs, physio

Comp - sciatic nerve injury (foot drop), femoral nerve injury (anterior thigh sensation), avascular necrosis, OA, recurrent dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bisphosphonate Holiday

A

MOA - inhibit osteoclasts

SE: oesophagitis, oes ulcers, osteonecrosis of the jaw, atypical stress fractures, APR, v Ca

After 5 years PO or 3 years IV, re-assess with FRAX score and DEXA scan

Continue if; >75yrs, prev hip/ vertebral fracture, high risk FRAX, new fractures whilst on drugs, T score <2.5

Can stop for 2 years and reassess again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Paget’s Disease

A

Increased uncontrolled bone turnover, mostly affects skull, spine, pelvis and leg long bones

RF - age, M

= bone pain

Inv - isolated rise in ALP, normal Ca/ PO4, XR (osteolysis and sclerosis), skull XR (thick vault, OP circumscripta,cotton wool), bone scintigraphy (^uptake)

-> bisphosphonates if symptomatic

Comp - skull bossing, deaf, fractures, high-output HF, tibial bowing, sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Colles’ Fracture

A

Fracture of distal radius with dorsal displacement

Cause - FOOSH

= dinner fork deformity

Comp - median nerve palsy, compartment syndrome, vascular compromise, malunion, EPL rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Smith’s Fracture

A

Reverse Colles’, volar angulation of distal radius fragment

Cause - fall backwards onto palm

= garden spade deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Monteggia Fracture

A

Dislocation of proximal radioulnar joint and ulnar fracture

Cause - FOOSH (forced pronation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bennett’s Fracture

A

Intra articular fracture of 1st CMC (thumb)

Cause - impact on flexed metacarpal (fist fight)

Comp - abductor pollicis longus makes it hard to maintain reduction (unopposed pull)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Other Fractures

A

Galeazzi
= radial shaft fracture + dislocation of distal radioulnar joint

Bartons
= distal radial fracture (C/S) + radiocarpal dislocation

Radial Head Fracture
= tender head of radius, impaired elbow movement

Pott’s
= bimalleolar ankle fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

OP Vertebral Fracture

A

Fragility fracture: mechanical force causes a fracture where in a normal person it would not, common in spine

= acute back pain, breathing issues, GI compressive symptoms, v height, kyphosis, local tenderness

Inv - XR spine (wedging, old sclerotic fractures), CT, MRI

? Future risk - DEXA, FRAX/ Qfracture tools (10yr)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Psoas Abscess

A

Cause - primary (blood, staph aureus) or secondary (Crohn’s, CRC, IVDU, UTI, osteomyelitis, IE)

= fever, back/ flank pain, limp, weight loss, pain on hyperextension and resisted flexion of the hip, may lie in mild external rotation (knee flexed)

Inv - CT abdo

-> Abx and PC drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acetabular Labral Tear

A

Cause - 2nd to trauma or degenerative change

= hip/ groin pain, snapping/ locking sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Achilles Tendon Rupture

A

RF - ^age, FHx, quinolones (-floxacin), steroids, high cholesterol, inflammatory conditions, DM

= audible pop, sudden pain, loss of function, Simmond’s (angle of declination/ dorsiflexion, palpable gap, calf squeeze)

Inv - US

-> referral to ortho

Tendinitis: gradual onset posterior heel pain, try analgesia and eccentric calf exercises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

AC joint injury

A

1-2: very common, rest in sling

3: depends on the individual

4-6: rare, surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Adhesive Capsulitis

A

Frozen shoulder, inflammation and fibrosis of the joint capsule leads to adhesions which restrict movement

RF - middle-age F, DM

= external rotation worst, active and passive effected, painful freezing, adhesive and recovery phase, 20% bilateral

-> NSAIDs, physio, steroids (PO/ IA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Weber Classification

A

Describes level of fibula fracture in ankle injuries

A - below the syndesmosis
B - fractures start at tibial plafond, may extend proximally to involve the syndesmosis
C - above the syndesmosis

-> all ankle fractues should be promptly reduced, surgery if young and unstable/ high velocity/ proximal injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ottawa Rules for Ankle XR

A

Required only if pain in the malleolar zone + one of;

Bony tenderness at lateral malleolar zone

Bony tenderness at the medial malleolar zone

Inability to walk four weight-bearing steps immediately after the injury and in ED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ankle Sprains

A

Low: involving lateral collateral ligaments, most common, ^ATFL
Cause - inversion
Grade 1-3 based on ligament disruption, bruising, pain

High: involving syndesmosis
Cause - external rotation
= more painful, Hopkins squeeze +ve

Inv - XR (widening), MRI if suspect syndesmotic or persistent pain

-> fixation if widening, cast or orthosis if not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Avascular Necrosis of the Hip

A

Death of bone tissue 2nd to loss of blood supply, leads to bone destruction and v joint function

Causes - steroids, chemo, alcohol, trauma

Inv - MRI best, XR (osteopenia, microfractures)

-> may need joint replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Baker’s Cyst

A

Distension of bursa

= swelling in popliteal fossa, rupture leads to pain, redness, calf swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Biceps Rupture

A

Long tendon to glenoid and short tendon to coracoid process

RF - heavy overhead activity, shoulder overuse, smoking, steroids

Proximal Rupture (90%, long)
= >60yrs, load applied when bicep is lengthened and contracted (descent of pull up)

Distal Rupture (short)
= 40yrs, flexed elbow suddenly extended when biceps are already contracted

= pop, pain, bruising, swelling, popeye in proximal, -ve squeeze (no supination)

Inv - US, urgent MRI for distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cervical Spondylosis

A

Extremely common, 2nd to OA (narrowing of IV spaces)

= neck pain, may refer (headaches)

Comp - radiculopathy, myelopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Charcot Joint

A

Neuropathic joint, disrupted and damaged 2nd to loss of sensation

Cause - DM, syphilis

= extensive bone remodeling / fragmentation involving the midfoot, may be painful, red, hot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

A

Compression of ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel

= tingling and numbness in fingers 4/5, weakness and wasting with time, worse when leaning on elbow

-> physio, steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis

A

Inflammation of sheath containing EPB and AbPL

RF - F, 30-50yrs

= radial wrist pain, tender radial styloid, pain on resisted thumb abduction, Finkelstein’s (pull thumb in ulnar deviation and longitudinal traction)

-> analgesia, steroid injection, immobilise thumb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Discitis

A

Infection of the intervertebral disc space

Cause - bacterial (staph aureus), viral, TB, aseptic

= back pain, fever, rigors, neuro features (suggests epidural abscess)

Inv - MRI, CT-guided biopsy (for Abx), need TT ECHO or TOE to assess for IE

-> 6-8wks IV Abx

Comp - sepsis, epidural abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Dupuytren’s

A

Fascia of the hand becomes thickened and tight

RF - ^age, FHx, M, manual labour (vibrating tools), DM, smoking, alcohol, phenytoin

Cause - inflammatory process related to microtrauma

= cords of dense connective tissue extend into fingers, pulled into flexion, ring/ little finger (rarely Index)

-> consider surgery when MCP can’t be straightened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Fat Embolism

A

= ^HR, ^RR, v sats, fever, red/ brown flat petechial rash, oral bleeds, confusion, agitation, retinal bleeds

Inv - lipuria

-> fixation of fracture, supportive, DVT prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome

A

Trochanteric bursitis

Cause - repeated movement of IT band causing inflammation of the bursa

= 50-70yr F, pain over lateral side of hip/ thigh, tender over greater trochanter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Hip Fracture

A

= hip pain, shortened, externally rotated, may weight bear if non-displaced, blood supply risk if displaced

Garden system
1 - stable fracture
2 - complete fracture, not displaced
3 - displaced but still boney contact
4 - complete boney disruption

Intracapsular
-> Undisplaced: internal fixation, hemiarthroplasty if unfit
-> Displaced: THR/ hemiarthroplasty

Extracapsular
-> Stable intertrochanteric: dynamic hip screw
-> Reverse oblique, transverse or subtrochanteric: intramedullary device

Surgery <48hrs, weight bear asap after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

IT Band syndrome

A

= lateral knee pain in runners, tender 2-3cm above joint line

-> modify activity, stretches, physio

33
Q

Knee Ligament injuries

A

Unhappy triad: ACL, MCL and meniscus

ACL
Cause - twisting with bent knee
= loud crack, pain, rapid joint swelling, +ve lachman and anterior drawer

PCL
Cause - dashboard injuries (hyperextension)

MCL
Cause - leg forced into valgus e.g., skiing
= abnormal passive abduction of the knee

Meniscus
Cause - twisting
= locking and giving way, delayed swelling, Thessaly’s test (weight bear at 20° knee flexion, twisting causes pain)

34
Q

Chondromalacia Patellae

A

Common in teenage girls, following an injury

= pain going downstairs or at rest, tender, quad wasting

35
Q

Osteochondritis Dissecans

A

Mainly affects subchondral bone

= kid/ young adults, subacute knee pain and swelling, locking of the knee, painful clunk

Inv - XR (subchondral crescent, loose bodies), MRI

36
Q

Tibial Plateau Fractures

A

Knee forced into varus or valgus, knee fractures before ligaments rupture

RF - elderly, sig trauma in young

Schatzker Classification
1) vertical split of lateral condyle
2) lateral condyle + load bearing part
3) depression of articular surface
4) medial tibial condyle
5) both condyles
6) condylar and subcondylar fractures

37
Q

Le Riche Syndrome

A

Atheromatous disease of iliac vessels, comprises blood flow to pelvic viscera

= buttock claudication, impotence

Inv - angiography

-> endovascular angioplasty, stent

38
Q

Lower Back Pain: Red Flags

A

<20yrs or >50yrs
Hx cancer
Night pain
Hx trauma
Weight loss, fever

39
Q

Lower Back Pain: Management

A

Inv - MRI only if likely to change management.

-> NSAIDs 1st line (w/ PPI if >45), exercise programme, manual therapy with this

40
Q

Prolapsed Disc

A

= dermatomal leg pain, associated neuro defects

L3: sensory loss of anterior thigh, weak hip flexion/ hip adduction/ knee extension, v knee reflex, +ve femoral stretch

L4: sensory loss of anterior knee and medial leg, weak knee extension/ hip adduction, v knee reflex, +ve femoral stretch

L5: sensory loss of dorsum of foot, weak hip abduction/ foot dorsiflexion, normal reflexes, +ve sciatic

S1 - sensory loss of posterolateral leg and lateral foot, weak plantar flexion, v ankle reflex, +ve sciatic

Inv - consider MRI if persist 4-6wks

41
Q

Femoral, Obturator and LCN

A

Femoral
Motor: knee extension, hip flexion
Sensory: anterior and medial thigh, lower leg
Cause - hip/ pelvis fracture

Obturator
Motor: thigh adduction
Sensory: medial thigh
Cause - anterior hip dislocation

LCN of the Thigh (L2/L3)
Sensory: lateral and posterior thigh
Cause - compression near ASIS (meralgia paresthetica, RF incl. obesity, pregnancy, trauma)

42
Q

Gluteal, Tibial, Common Peroneal Nerves

A

Superior Gluteal
Motor: hip abduction
Cause - posterior hip dislocation, IM injection, hip surgery, pelvic fracture (= Trendelenburg)

Inferior Gluteal
Motor: hip extension, external rotation
Cause - with sciatic nerve (= can’t stand from seat or jump)

Tibial
Motor: plantarflexion, inversion
Sensory: sole of foot
Cause - uncommon, popliteal laceration

Common Peroneal
Motor: dorsiflexion, eversion, EHL
Sensory: dorsum of foot, lateral lower leg
Cause - neck of fibula, tight cast

43
Q

Spinal Stenosis

A

Narrowing of the central lumbar canal

Cause - tumour, prolapse/ herniated disc, degenerative changes, fractures

= back pain, claudication-like symptoms, better when sitting/ bending/ walking uphill (canal widens)

Inv - MRI

-> laminectomy

44
Q

Metatarsal Fracture

A

Proximal 5th is most common, 1st is least likely

Types
Proximal avulsion (pseudo-Jones): ^common, proximal tuberosity fracture 2nd to lateral ankle sprain/ inversion

Jones: transverse fracture at meta-diaphyseal junction

Stress: athletes, ^2nd shaft

Inv - XR (non/displaced, periosteal change at 2-3wks), MRI

45
Q

Froment’s Sign

A

Test for ulnar nerve palsy

= pull piece of paper out from between thumb and index finger, can’t hold and try to compensate with FPL

46
Q

Management of Open Fractures

A

-> image the area, check NV status distally, cover with dressing, Abx, early debridement, 6L saline to irrigate, stabilise the fracture

47
Q

OA

A

RF - FHx, F, >55yrs, prev. trauma, obesity, hypermobility, occupation, DDH, (OP is protective)

Hand
= bilateral, CMC and DIP, episodic ache, worse with movement, better with rest, short periods of stiffness
*Heberden’s DIP, Bouchard’s PIP, thumb squaring

Hip
2nd most common area (after knee)
-> THR (SE: VTE, posterior dislocation, aseptic loosening needs revision)

Gradual mobilisation over 6wks

48
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Infection of the bone

Haematogenous: kids (metaphysis), vertebral if adults
RF - sickle cell, IVDU, IS, HIV, IE

Non-haematogenous: adults, polymicrobial
RF - DM foot ulcers/ pressure sores, PAD

Cause - staph aureus, salmonella in sickle cell

Inv - MRI

-> flucloxacillin for 6wks (clindamycin if not)

49
Q

Osteoporosis Risk Assessment

A

Assess if; F>65 or M>75 or younger with RF

FRAX: 10yr fracture risk, age 40-90
-> low risk (lifestyle), moderate (DEXA), high (treat)
With BMD
-> reassure, consider, strongly consider

Qfracture: 10yr fracture risk, age 30-99, uses more RF

BMD Assessment with DEXA
- when starting sex hormone deprivation
- <40yrs with major RF (Hx of multiple/ major fracture, high dose steroids >3m)

Recalculate risk after 2 years or change of RF

50
Q

Risk factors for OP fractures

A

Age
Prev fragility fracture
Steroids
Falls
FHx of hip fracture
2nd OP (Cushing’s, hyperthyroid, renal disease)
Low BMI
Smoking
Over 14 units alcohol

51
Q

Growth Plate Fractures

A

Salter Harris system

1) through physis only (XR may be normal)
2) physis and metaphysis
3) physis and epiphysis
4) all three
5) crush injury (XR may be normal)

Straight through
Above
Low
Through
Erasure

52
Q

Common fractures in children

A

Complete - both sides of cortex breached
Toddlers - oblique tibial fracture
Plastic - deformity with no cortex disruption
Greenstick - unilateral cortical breach

53
Q

Patella Fracture

A

Inv - XR (AP and lateral)

-> 6wk hinged knee brace if non-displaced, consider surgery if displaced (lose extensor mechanism) then brace

54
Q

Plantar Fasciitis

A

Inflammation of the plantar fascia, connective tissue attaching calcaneus to flexor tendons

= most common heel pain in adults, worse at medial tuberosity

-> rest, supportive shoes, insoles

55
Q

Rib Fractures

A

= severe sharp chest pain, tender chest wall, bruising

Inv - CT best

-> resolve on own, pain relief, deep breathing

Flail chest: 2+ fractures along 3+ consecutive ribs, paradoxical movement during respiration

56
Q

Rotator Cuff Injury

A

Encompasses subacromnial impingement (60-120°), calcific tendonitis, cuff tears and arthropathy

= pain on abduction, tender anterior acromion

57
Q

Sarcoma

A

Malignant tumours of mesenchyme, bone or soft tissue

= painful, growing mass, fractures, v function

Osteosarcoma - 20% of primary (most common), ^meta of long bones, kids, Rb, XR (Codman triangle, sunburst)

Ewing’s sarcoma - small round blue cell tumour, ^pelvis and long bones, kids, t(11:22), XR (onion skin)

Chondrosarcoma - tumour of cartilage, middle-age, ^axial skeleton

58
Q

Scaphoid Injury

A

Most common carpal fracture, dorsal carpal branch of radial artery supplies 80% of blood (risk of AVN)

Cause - FOOSH, contact sport

= pain on radial side of wrist, v grip strength, tender snuffbox and scaphoid tubercle, effusion (4hrs-4d), pain on telescoping thumb and ulnar deviation of wrist

Inv - XR, CT, MRI definitive

-> Futero splint/ elbow backslab to immobilise, ortho review <7-10d if imaging inconclusive
Non-displaced: cast for 6-8wks
Displaced/ proximal scaphoid pole: surgical fixation

59
Q

Shoulder Dislocation

A

Most common dislocation, 95% anterior

-> if recent then may reduce with no analgesia/ sedation

60
Q

Subluxation of the Radial Head

A

Most common upper limb injury <6yrs, weak annular ligament covering radial head

= elbow pain, limited supination and extension

-> pain relief, passive supination of the elbow whilst flexed to 90 degree

61
Q

Talipes Equinovarus

A

Club foot, inverted and plantarflexed

RF - 2M:1F, 50% bilateral

-> Ponsetti method, manipulation and casting from soon after birth, 85% need Achilles tenotomy

62
Q

Trigger Finger

A

Thickening of tendon or tightening of the sheath, MCP joint A1 pulley

RF - F, RA, DM

= thumb, middle and ring finger, stiffness and snapping when extending, nodule at base of finger

-> steroid injection and splint, surgery

63
Q

Msc, Axillary and Radial Nerve

A

Musculocutaneous (C5-C7)
Motor: elbow flexion, supination
Sensory: lateral forearm
Cause - part of brachial plexus injury

Axillary (C5-C6)
Motor: shoulder abduction
Sensory: inferior region of deltoid
Cause - humeral neck fracture (collar and cuff for non-displaced)

Radial (C5-C8)
Motor: elbow, wrist, finger extension
Sensory: small area between dorsal 1st and 2nd MC
Cause - humeral midshaft fracture (= wrist drop)

64
Q

Median, Ulnar and Long Thoracic Nerve

A

Median (C6, C8, T1)
Motor: LOAF
Sensory: palmar aspect of lateral 3.5 fingers
Cause - carpal tunnel
= (at wrist) paralysis of thenar muscles and opponens pollicis, (at elbow) v pronation and wrist flexion

Ulnar (C8, T1)
Motor: intrinsic hand excl. LOAF, wrist flexion
Sensory: medial 1.5 fingers
Cause - medial epicondyle fracture (= claw hand)

Long Thoracic (C5-C7)
Motor: serratus anterior
Cause - blow to ribs, mastectomy (= winged scapula)

65
Q

Benign Bone Tumours

A

Osteoma - overgrowth of bone, ^skull, link to FAP/ Gardner’s syndrome

Osteochondroma (exostosis) - most common benign, M <20yrs, cartilage-capped bony projection

Giant cell tumour - 20-40yrs, ^epiphysis of long bones, XR (double bubble, radiolucent)

66
Q

Management of Ankle fractures

A

Weber A and B - cast / boot and weight bear as tolerated
Weber C or unstable - ORIF

67
Q

Femoral Neck: Blood Supply

A

Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries join the femoral neck proximal to intertrochanteric line, and run along the surface of the femoral neck within the capsule

I.e., an intracapsular fracture can affect blood supply

68
Q

Sciatica

A

L4-S3, travels down back of leg, divides at knee into tibial and common peroneal

Causes - spinal stenosis, herniated disc, spondylolisthesis (anterior displacement of a vertebra)
*if bilateral think cauda equina

= pain from buttock down back of thigh, to below knee or foot, paraesthesia, numbness, motor weakness

69
Q

Cauda Equina Syndrome

A

Compression of lumbrosacral nerve roots that extend below the spinal cord (terminates at L2/ L3)

Causes - prolapsed disc (L4/5 or L5/S1), tumour, abscess, discitis, trauma, haematoma, spondylolisthesis

= low back pain, bilateral sciatica, v perianal sensation, v anal tone, incontinence

Inv - urgent MRI

-> surgical decompression

70
Q

Metastatic SCC

A

Oncological emergency, 5% of cancer patients

RF - lung, breast, prostate cancer

= back pain, worse coughing/ lying down/ straining, lower limb weakness, sensory loss (UMN signs if above L1, LMN signs below L1), ^reflexes below the lesion

-> high dose PO dex, surgery or radiotherapy

71
Q

Osgood-Schlatter

A

Inflammation of the tibial tuberosity

Cause - traction apophysitis due to repeated avulsion where patella tendon inserts

72
Q

Fat Pad Atrophy

A

Wasting of the fat pad under heel of foot

= presents like plantar fasciitis

73
Q

Morton’s Neuroma

A

Dysfunction of a nerve in the intermetatarsal space, ^between 3rd and 4th

= sensation of lump in shoe, pain at front of foot, p+n

74
Q

Injuries with Ant. Shoulder Dislocation

A

Bankart lesions: tear to anterior portion of labrum

Hill-Sachs: compression fractures of the posterolateral head of humerus

Axillary nerve damage: C5/6, v sensation over lat deltoid, weak deltoid

75
Q

Epicondylitis

A

Inflammation where tendons of forearm insert onto the epicondyles

Lateral (Tennis) - worse on wrist extension or supination
Medial (Golfer’s) - worse on wrist flexion and pronation

76
Q

Ganglion

A

Sac of synovial fluid originating from tendon sheath or joint

= ^dorsal wrist, F, firm well-circumscribed mass, transilluminates

-> disappear over months, excise if severe symptoms

77
Q

Nerve Supply to Hand

A

Rock - finger flexion - median
Paper - finger extension - radial
Scissors - abduction and adduction - ulnar

78
Q

Volkmann’s Ischaemia

A

Cause - supracondylar fracture of the humerus leading to vascular compromise

= persistent pain first (worse on passive extension of fingers), pallor, poor CR, absent radial pulse, paraesthesia in median nerve area

Comp - contracture (claw), gangrene

79
Q

Supracondylar Humeral Fracture

A

Common paeds elbow injury

-> urgent ortho review

Comp - nerve palsy (ant. interosseus nerve, ulnar post-op), posterior displacement of the distal fragment is common, varus deformity due to malunion, Volkmann’s

ALS (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions