Oropharyngeal Disorders Flashcards
what type of cancer is most oral cavity cancer?
squamous cell carcinoma
name three exposures that are risks for oral cavity cancer
tobacco
alcohol
betel
what are the two most common causes of oropharyngeal cancer in older individuals?
tobacco and alcohol
what is the most common cause of oropharyngeal cancer in young individuals?
HPV
how do you treat oropharyngeal cancer?
chemoradiation and surgery in select cases
what type of disorder is sjogren syndrom?
autoimmune
what is the most common symptom of sjogren syndrome?
xerostomia/salivary dysfunction
primary sjogrens leads to what and is caused by what?
salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction…primary is just sjogren developing
secondary sjogrens is caused by what?
other autoimmune disorders
what are the three antibodies associated with sjogren syndrome?
anti Ro and anti-La and rheumatoid factor
what cell predominates in exocrine tissues in sjogren syndrome?
T cells
what is treatment for sjogren syndrome?
steroids or immunosuppressants
what is oral hairy leukoplakia associated with? where does it occur?
immunosuppression
along lateral surface of tongue
what is a risk for hairy leukoplakia to develop into? what does this mean it is important to do when you have oral hairy leukoplakia?
carcinoma in situ…want to do biopsy
what causes lichen planus?
immunologic T cell disease in response o antigenic components
what does lichen plachus look like? where is it?
white lesions bilaterally on buccal mucosa
what is the treatment of lichen plachus?
steroids
what is an FEES? what does it evaluate?
oropharyngeal part of swallowing
what does modified barium swallowing evaluate (2)?
oropharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter
what does barium swallowing evaluate (2)?
upper esophageal sphincter and esophagus
what causes Zenker’s diverticulum?
incomlplete relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter
what type of diverticulum is Zenkers?
pulsion diverticulum
what is a pulsion diverticulum?
formed by pressure in a hollow organ causing herniation of mucosa through muscle
what is a traction diverticulum?
formed by pulling force of contracting bands…has all layers
which of pulsion or traction is a false diverticulum? what does this mean?
pulsion…only has two layers of mucosa and submucosa
which of pulsion or traction is a true diverticulum? what does this mean?
traction…has all layers
where is the cricopharyngeus in relation to vertebrae?
C6
name three common locations for food or objects to get stuck in the esophagus
C6…cricopharyngeus
T4 descending aorta pushes against esophagus
LES
do acidic or alkaline agents cause liquefactive necrosis? which cause coagulation necrosis?
alkaline is lique
acidic is coag
which is worse for you…alkaline or acidic?
alkaline
what can alkaline lead to that is worrisome in esophagus?
stricture
name three common acid sources for caustic ingestion
toilet bowl cleaner
battery
rust removal product
name three common alkaline sources for caustic ingestion
drain cleaners
oven cleaners
dishwasher detergent
what is the name of the duct that the submandibular gland uses?
whartons duct
what is the role of myoepithelial cells in glands?
contract to help empty into mouth
what gland is responsible for the majority of the mucous in the mouth?
submandibular accounts for 70%
what is sialolithiasis?
formation of calculi or stones in the ductal system
where do the majority of stones in oral glands occur?
whartons duct of the submandibular gland
do sialolithiasis show up on CT or X ray?
yes to both
what is an infection that leads to swelling of parotid glands?
Mumps
what is the prodrome of mumps?
fever malaise and headache
what type of virus is mumps?
myxovirus
what is siloadenitis?
inflammation or infection of salivary glands
what is usual treatment for siloadenitis?
antibiotics or gland excision if nerve damage is a risk
name two common causes of idiopathic xerostomia?
radiation therapy and drugs
what is the most common salivary gland neoplasm?
pleomorphic adenoma
how do you evaluate a pleomorphic adenoma?
fine needle aspiration
describe the histology of pleomorphic adenoma?
benign mixed tumor with epithelial myoepithelum and stromal cells
how do you treat pleomorphic adenoma?
surgical ressection
give the other name for whartins tumor, is it benign or malignant?
papillary cystadenome lymphomatosum
benign
what is whartins tumor associated with?
smoking
where does whartins tumor appear hsitologically?
in cystic spaces in glands
what is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor?
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
what two type of cells are involved in mucoepidermoid carcinoma?
squamous cell and mucuc secreting cells
what is treatment for mucoepidermoid carcinoma?
surgery +- adjuvant radiation
what is the second most common malignant salivary gland tumor?
adenoid cystic carcinoma
what does adenoid cystic carcinoma grow along? what does this make it risky for?
along nerve tracts…distant metastes
how to treat adenoid cystic carcinoma?
surgery and radiation
what is the most common congenital neck mass in children?
thyroglossal duct cyst
what is ranula? what causes it?
big submandibular area caused by blockage of submandibular ducts
where is the 1st branchial cleft cyst located? what about the 2nd?
1st is along neck but closer to ear
2nd is mid neck just anterior to SCM
when do branchial cleft cysts occur?
childhood or late adulthood
where is a thyroglossal duct cyst located?
midline neck mass
thyroglossal duct cyst is a remnant of the thyroglossal duct that passed between what two structures?
foramen cecum of tongue and thyroid bed
how to treat thyroglossal ad branchial cleft cysts?
surgery
what is a lymphatic malformation? what is another name for it?
congenital malformation of lymphatic system…leads fluid build up in lymphatics of neck
AKA cystic hygroma
how to treat a cystic hygroma?
surgery drainage
