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GI Week 1 > Oropharyngeal Disorders > Flashcards

Oropharyngeal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what type of cancer is most oral cavity cancer?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

name three exposures that are risks for oral cavity cancer

A

tobacco
alcohol
betel

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3
Q

what are the two most common causes of oropharyngeal cancer in older individuals?

A

tobacco and alcohol

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4
Q

what is the most common cause of oropharyngeal cancer in young individuals?

A

HPV

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5
Q

how do you treat oropharyngeal cancer?

A

chemoradiation and surgery in select cases

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6
Q

what type of disorder is sjogren syndrom?

A

autoimmune

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7
Q

what is the most common symptom of sjogren syndrome?

A

xerostomia/salivary dysfunction

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8
Q

primary sjogrens leads to what and is caused by what?

A

salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction…primary is just sjogren developing

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9
Q

secondary sjogrens is caused by what?

A

other autoimmune disorders

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10
Q

what are the three antibodies associated with sjogren syndrome?

A

anti Ro and anti-La and rheumatoid factor

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11
Q

what cell predominates in exocrine tissues in sjogren syndrome?

A

T cells

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12
Q

what is treatment for sjogren syndrome?

A

steroids or immunosuppressants

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13
Q

what is oral hairy leukoplakia associated with? where does it occur?

A

immunosuppression

along lateral surface of tongue

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14
Q

what is a risk for hairy leukoplakia to develop into? what does this mean it is important to do when you have oral hairy leukoplakia?

A

carcinoma in situ…want to do biopsy

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15
Q

what causes lichen planus?

A

immunologic T cell disease in response o antigenic components

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16
Q

what does lichen plachus look like? where is it?

A

white lesions bilaterally on buccal mucosa

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17
Q

what is the treatment of lichen plachus?

A

steroids

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18
Q

what is an FEES? what does it evaluate?

A

oropharyngeal part of swallowing

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19
Q

what does modified barium swallowing evaluate (2)?

A

oropharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter

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20
Q

what does barium swallowing evaluate (2)?

A

upper esophageal sphincter and esophagus

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21
Q

what causes Zenker’s diverticulum?

A

incomlplete relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter

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22
Q

what type of diverticulum is Zenkers?

A

pulsion diverticulum

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23
Q

what is a pulsion diverticulum?

A

formed by pressure in a hollow organ causing herniation of mucosa through muscle

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24
Q

what is a traction diverticulum?

A

formed by pulling force of contracting bands…has all layers

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25
Q

which of pulsion or traction is a false diverticulum? what does this mean?

A

pulsion…only has two layers of mucosa and submucosa

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26
Q

which of pulsion or traction is a true diverticulum? what does this mean?

A

traction…has all layers

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27
Q

where is the cricopharyngeus in relation to vertebrae?

A

C6

28
Q

name three common locations for food or objects to get stuck in the esophagus

A

C6…cricopharyngeus
T4 descending aorta pushes against esophagus
LES

29
Q

do acidic or alkaline agents cause liquefactive necrosis? which cause coagulation necrosis?

A

alkaline is lique

acidic is coag

30
Q

which is worse for you…alkaline or acidic?

A

alkaline

31
Q

what can alkaline lead to that is worrisome in esophagus?

A

stricture

32
Q

name three common acid sources for caustic ingestion

A

toilet bowl cleaner
battery
rust removal product

33
Q

name three common alkaline sources for caustic ingestion

A

drain cleaners
oven cleaners
dishwasher detergent

34
Q

what is the name of the duct that the submandibular gland uses?

A

whartons duct

35
Q

what is the role of myoepithelial cells in glands?

A

contract to help empty into mouth

36
Q

what gland is responsible for the majority of the mucous in the mouth?

A

submandibular accounts for 70%

37
Q

what is sialolithiasis?

A

formation of calculi or stones in the ductal system

38
Q

where do the majority of stones in oral glands occur?

A

whartons duct of the submandibular gland

39
Q

do sialolithiasis show up on CT or X ray?

A

yes to both

40
Q

what is an infection that leads to swelling of parotid glands?

A

Mumps

41
Q

what is the prodrome of mumps?

A

fever malaise and headache

42
Q

what type of virus is mumps?

A

myxovirus

43
Q

what is siloadenitis?

A

inflammation or infection of salivary glands

44
Q

what is usual treatment for siloadenitis?

A

antibiotics or gland excision if nerve damage is a risk

45
Q

name two common causes of idiopathic xerostomia?

A

radiation therapy and drugs

46
Q

what is the most common salivary gland neoplasm?

A

pleomorphic adenoma

47
Q

how do you evaluate a pleomorphic adenoma?

A

fine needle aspiration

48
Q

describe the histology of pleomorphic adenoma?

A

benign mixed tumor with epithelial myoepithelum and stromal cells

49
Q

how do you treat pleomorphic adenoma?

A

surgical ressection

50
Q

give the other name for whartins tumor, is it benign or malignant?

A

papillary cystadenome lymphomatosum

benign

51
Q

what is whartins tumor associated with?

A

smoking

52
Q

where does whartins tumor appear hsitologically?

A

in cystic spaces in glands

53
Q

what is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor?

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

54
Q

what two type of cells are involved in mucoepidermoid carcinoma?

A

squamous cell and mucuc secreting cells

55
Q

what is treatment for mucoepidermoid carcinoma?

A

surgery +- adjuvant radiation

56
Q

what is the second most common malignant salivary gland tumor?

A

adenoid cystic carcinoma

57
Q

what does adenoid cystic carcinoma grow along? what does this make it risky for?

A

along nerve tracts…distant metastes

58
Q

how to treat adenoid cystic carcinoma?

A

surgery and radiation

59
Q

what is the most common congenital neck mass in children?

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

60
Q

what is ranula? what causes it?

A

big submandibular area caused by blockage of submandibular ducts

61
Q

where is the 1st branchial cleft cyst located? what about the 2nd?

A

1st is along neck but closer to ear

2nd is mid neck just anterior to SCM

62
Q

when do branchial cleft cysts occur?

A

childhood or late adulthood

63
Q

where is a thyroglossal duct cyst located?

A

midline neck mass

64
Q

thyroglossal duct cyst is a remnant of the thyroglossal duct that passed between what two structures?

A

foramen cecum of tongue and thyroid bed

65
Q

how to treat thyroglossal ad branchial cleft cysts?

A

surgery

66
Q

what is a lymphatic malformation? what is another name for it?

A

congenital malformation of lymphatic system…leads fluid build up in lymphatics of neck

AKA cystic hygroma

67
Q

how to treat a cystic hygroma?

A

surgery drainage

GI Week 1 (5 decks)

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