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GI Week 1 > Gastric Diseases > Flashcards

Gastric Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what gland is in the cardiac region of the stomach?

A

mucous cells

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2
Q

what two glands are in the antrum of the stomach

A

mucous and G cells

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3
Q

what twoglands are in the fundus of the stomach?

A

parietal and chief cells

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4
Q

where does H pylori live in the stomach?

A

in the layer of mucus adherent to the gastric pit cells

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5
Q

what stain is used to see H pylori?

A

silver stain

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6
Q

acute and chronic inflammation lead to what two types of stomach injury respectively?

A

acute gastritis and chronic gastritis

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7
Q

necrosis in the stomach leads to what stomach disorder?

A

peptic ulcer disease

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8
Q

chronic inflammation of the stomach can lead to what two types of sever stomach issues

A

gastric lymphomas and gastric adenocarcinoma

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9
Q

list the four etiologies of acute gastritis

A

drugs
infection
complication of another disease
mucosal damage

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10
Q

what is acute gastritis from a burn called?

A

curling ulcer

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11
Q

what is a brain trauma induced acute gastritis called?

A

cushing ulcer

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12
Q

how can brain trauma lead to acute gastritis?

A

increased activity of the vagus nerve leads to increased gastric acid secretion

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13
Q

what cell is mainly involved in acute gastritis?

A

PMNs

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14
Q

what are the three stages of acute gastritis from mild to severe

A

acute inflammation of mucosa
necrosis
hemorrhage

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15
Q

what is a common drug that causes acute gastritis?

A

NSAIDS

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16
Q

what are the two common causes of chronic gastritis?

A

h pylori

autoimmune

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17
Q

what cells are in charge of chronic gastritis?

A

lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells

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18
Q

chronic gastritis has a risk of developing into what?

A

metaplasia…cancer

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19
Q

what happens to glands and the rugae of the stomach in chronic gastritis?

A

they atrophy from the necrosis and they are become less prominent

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20
Q

if metaplasia occurs in chronic gastritis, what does it become?

A

simple columnar with absorptive and goblet cells

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21
Q

how is autoimmune chronic gastritis inherited?

A

autosomal dominant

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22
Q

explain how autoimmune chronic gastritis happens?

A

auto antibodies against parietal cells leads to chronic inflammation and destruction of the parietal cells…gland atrophy

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23
Q

in autoimmune chronic gastritis…if the parietal cells are destroyed then what is the acid level called?

A

hypochlorhidria or achlorhidria

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24
Q

in autoimmune chronic gastritis the parietal cells are destroyed….what do they secrete that is important for RBCs and what can this lead to?

A

secrete intrinsic factor for B12 absorption…without that you get macrocytic anemia which is called pernicious anemia

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25
Q

where does peptic ulcer disease occur?

A

stomach and duodenum

26
Q

what are the three ways to have peptic ulcer diseases?

A

h pylori
NSAIDS
increased gastric acid

27
Q

name the three pre epithelial defenses against ulcer disease

A

bicarbonate
mucus
prostaglandins

28
Q

name the epithelial defense against ulcer disease

A

cellular resistance

29
Q

name the post epithelial defense against ulcer disease

A

mucosal blood flow bringing nutrients and bicarb

30
Q

in peptic ulcer disease…what does the ulcer usually look like?

A

smooth and flat sides

31
Q

name the two locations in the stomach where ulcers usually occur?

A

lesser curvature of antrum and pre pyloric area

32
Q

name the four zones/layers of a peptic ulcer

A

fibrinopurulent exudate
necrotic tissue
granulation tissue
fibrosis

33
Q

how does an uncomplicated PUD present?

A

epigastric pain…nausea bloating…or asymptomatic

34
Q

name three complications of an ulcer?

A

hemorrhage
perforation
obstruction

35
Q

a perforation of an ulcer can lead to what?

A

perotinitis

36
Q

why does an obstruction happen with an ulcer?

A

edema/scar contraction…muscle hypertrophy

37
Q

what are the signs of an ulcer that has a hemorrhage?

A

melena, hematemesis

hematochezia

38
Q

what is melena?

A

dark bloody stools

39
Q

what is hematochezia?

A

bright red bloody stools

40
Q

how does a perforation present with an ulcer?

A

toxic appearance/shock

41
Q

what is zollinger ellison syndrome?

A

when you have over production of gastrin due to a gastrinoma that secretes it

42
Q

where does the gastrinoma occur in zollinger ellison syndrome?

A

often in the pancreas

43
Q

what happens in zollinger ellison syndrome due to the increased gastrin levels?

A

increased acid levels and then peptic ulcers

44
Q

what is menetrier disease? what happens in it?

A

hyperplasia of the gastric pit mucous cells

hypertrophy of gastric walls

45
Q

what is the shape of gastric walls in menetrier disease?

A

thick rugae in cerebriform pattern

46
Q

with increased mucous production in mentrier disease…what is hindered from happening?

A

protein digestion

47
Q

what two symptoms do people with menetrier disease have?

A

epigastric pain and edema

48
Q

what are the two types of stomach adenocarcinomas?

A

diffuse and intestinal

49
Q

an ulcerating malignancy has what shape in the stomach?

A

irregular with elevated sides and odd shape…very diff from peptic ulcer

50
Q

what are the two lymph nodes to check for stomach malignancies

A

left supraclavicular and periumbilical

51
Q

what is another name for the left supraclavicular lymph node

A

virchows node

52
Q

what is another name for the periumbilical node?

A

sister mary joseph

53
Q

what is an odd site for stomach cancer to metastasize to? what is this tumor called?

A

ovaries…Krukenberg tumor

54
Q

what are two pre existing diseases that contribute to development of gastric adenocarcinoma

A

H pylor

chronic atrophic gastritis

55
Q

an infiltrating cancer in the stomach has a special name…what is it?

A

linitis plastica

56
Q

diffuse adenocarcinoma in the stomach arises from what cells? what is another name for them?

A

gastric mucous cells…signet cells

57
Q

what happens in diffuse adenocarcinoma that causes linitis plastica?

A

diffuse desmoplasia or fibrosis

58
Q

how does intestinal type adenocarcinoma of the stomach arise?

A

metaplastic intestinal epithelium dyplasia then adenocarcinoma

59
Q

what are significant prognostic features of gastric adenocarcinoma? 2

A

depth of invasion

extent of nodal/metastases

60
Q

what often causes gastric lymphoma? what cell is in charge of it?

A

H pylori infection brings B cells in to party and they cause overgrowth of the GALT

61
Q

what does gastric lymphoma look like grossly? what about histo?

A

just like any other gastric gross patterns…have to do histo slide to see lots of GALT nodules

62
Q

is gastric lymphoma a good or bad course of disease?

A

good to have…indolent course

GI Week 1 (5 decks)

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