ORL Samplex notes Flashcards
most common type of skin cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
What specific branch of the facial nerve does the schirmer’s test evaluate?
Lacrimal nerve
branch of V1 which produces cutaneous innervation to the conjunctiva.
Evaluates reflex tear production from irritation of cinjunctiva
where does the facial nerve exit as it becomes extracranial?
Stylomastoid foramen
Abnormal form or position of the body caused by non disruptive mechanical forces is called
Deformation
Morphologic defect of an organ, part of an organ, or larger region of the body resulting from a breakdown or interface with, an originally normal developmental process
Disruption
A morphologic defect of an organ, aprt of an organ, or a larger region of the body resulting from an intrisically abnormal development?
Malformation
Vascular endothelium and muscle are of which embryonic origin?
Mesoderma
Cleft palate may result when..
Defective growth of palatal shelves
Failure of the shelves to attain a horizonal position
Lack of contact between shelves
Rupture after fusion of shelves
What classification system is used to categorize cleft lip and palate?
Thallwitz Classification
Management of CLAP (0-6 mos)
Initial evaluation
Fabrication of intra-oral appliance with monthly modification
Otologic evaluation
Vocal Play and initial parent counseling
General pediatric evaluation and immunizations
Management of CLAP (6-12 months)
CLAP surgery
Speech therapy
Continued pedia follow up
Dental evaluation and care during primary tooth eruption
Management of CLAP (1-5 years)
Secondary assessment and correction
Psychiatric Evaluation
Management of CLAP (8-10 years)
Alveolar bone grafting
Continue orthodontic follow up
Speech therapy
management of Clap (16-18 years)
Orthognathic surgery
Management of CLAP (19 years)
Aesthetic surgery
Rare congenital disorder characterized by abducens and facial nerve palsy, metal retardation, limb malformation, and poland anomaly
Mobius sequence
Pierre Robin sequence triad
Mandibular micro-retrognathia
glossoptosis
Cleft of the secondary palate and upper airway obstruction
What cell groups and material predominate during the inflammatory stage of wound healing?
Lymphocytes
What cell groups and material predominate during the proliferative stage of wound healing?
Fibroblasts
House-brackman grade of facial nerve movement
I - Normal
II - Slight weakness on close inspection
III-Obvious weakness, not disfiguring
IV- Obvious Disfiguring weakness
V- Motion barely perceptible
VI - No movement, loss of tone, no synkenesis, contracture or spasm
Change in pressure within an elastic medium
Sound
What is the average human threshold for sound to e Painful
120 decibels
Highest frequency perceived by human hearing
20,000 Hz
That test compares a patien’ts air and bone conduction hearing?
Rinne
What forms the roof of the middle ear space?
Tegmen tympani
Muscle that controls the opening of ET
Tensor veli palitini
The semi-circular canals are oriented at ___degrees to each other?
90
What audiometric test is employed as part of the newborn screening?
Otoacoustic emissions
Most common organism involved in diffuse otitis externa
Pseudomonas
Usual infecting organism in localized otitis externa
S. aureus
usual Pathogens causing otomycosis
Aspergillus albicans
Pitysporum
Aspergillus niger
What otoscopic finding is consistent with barotrauma?
Hemotymparium
Drug-induced hearing loss
Aminoglycosides
Loop diuretics
Salicylate
Most ommon presentation of an acoustic neuroma
Unilateral hearing loss
Most common organism found in chronic suppurative otitis media
Proteus
A MRI with gadolinium contrast shows an enhancing lesion in the IAC.
Acoustic neuroma
Function of alar nasalis
Constrictor
Gland that covers the nasal epithelium
Bowman’s gland
Potential side effecct of chronic use of topical nasal decongestant
Atrophic rhinitis (rhinitis medicamentosa)
Paranasal sinus not presentat birth
Frontal sinus
Arnold’s nerve
10
Jacobson’s Nerve
9
Bst radiograph for sphenoid sinus?
Lateral
Complication of delayed treatment of a septal hematoma
Maxillary sinusitis
Most common cause of profuse epistaxis in the elderly?
Hypertension
Most common site of origin of a nasopharyngeal cancer?
Fossa of Rosenmuller
To which cervical lymph node group does a NPCA spread first?
Level 2
How many teeth are there in the adult
32
Where in the mouth is the opening of the Wharton’s duct?
Near the lingual frenulum
Duct of the sublingual gland?
Duct of Rivinus
Average volume of saliva produced per day?
1000 mL
which salivary gland is most prone to formation of sialolithiasis?
Submandibular gland
More alkaline and viscous, Higher concentration of calcium and phosphate, Length and irregular course of duct, Position of the ductal orifice
What nerve supplies the main tensor of the vocal cord?
External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
Where is the best location to put in a tracheostomy tube?
Tracheal rings 2-4
What nerve supplies taste to the posterior third of the tongue?
CN 9
What uscle makes up the anterior tonsillar pillar?
Palatoglossus
What makes up the posterior tonsillar pillar?
Palatopharyngeus
Most common larungeal abnormality in the newborn characterized by inspiratory stridor?
laryngomalacia
Thumb sign in neck lateral x-ray
epiglotitis
The right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around the ….
Right subclavian artery
Where are the 1st echelon lymph nodes for spread from papillary thyroid cancer
Level 6
Where are the first echelon lymph nodes for spread from high grade parotid cancer?
Level 1,2,3
Where are the first echelon lymph nodes for spread from T3 tongue cancer
Level 2, 3,4
Where are the first echelon lymph nodes for spread from T4 glottic cancer?
level 2,3,4
Horner’s syndrome
ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
Human papilloma virus is strongly associated with..
oral cancer
EBV is stongly associated with
NPCA
Cause dby abnomal re-innervation of the Parasympathetic nerve fibers
Frey’s syndrome (gustatory sweating)
Most common malignant tumor of the parotid gland
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Most common malignant tumor of the sublingual gland in adults
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Most common benign tumor of the parotid in adults
benign mixed tumor (pleomorphic adenoma)
Most common benign tumor of the parotid gland in children
Hemangioma
What anatomic landmark separates level 2 from the level 4 lymph nodes in the neck?
Hyoid bone
What anatomic landmark separates level 2a from level 2b LN in the neck?
Spinal accesory nerve