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high yield concepts > ORL Samplex notes > Flashcards

ORL Samplex notes Flashcards

1
Q

most common type of skin cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

What specific branch of the facial nerve does the schirmer’s test evaluate?

A

Lacrimal nerve

branch of V1 which produces cutaneous innervation to the conjunctiva.

Evaluates reflex tear production from irritation of cinjunctiva

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3
Q

where does the facial nerve exit as it becomes extracranial?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

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4
Q

Abnormal form or position of the body caused by non disruptive mechanical forces is called

A

Deformation

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5
Q

Morphologic defect of an organ, part of an organ, or larger region of the body resulting from a breakdown or interface with, an originally normal developmental process

A

Disruption

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6
Q

A morphologic defect of an organ, aprt of an organ, or a larger region of the body resulting from an intrisically abnormal development?

A

Malformation

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7
Q

Vascular endothelium and muscle are of which embryonic origin?

A

Mesoderma

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8
Q

Cleft palate may result when..

A

Defective growth of palatal shelves

Failure of the shelves to attain a horizonal position

Lack of contact between shelves

Rupture after fusion of shelves

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9
Q

What classification system is used to categorize cleft lip and palate?

A

Thallwitz Classification

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10
Q

Management of CLAP (0-6 mos)

A

Initial evaluation

Fabrication of intra-oral appliance with monthly modification

Otologic evaluation

Vocal Play and initial parent counseling

General pediatric evaluation and immunizations

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11
Q

Management of CLAP (6-12 months)

A

CLAP surgery

Speech therapy

Continued pedia follow up

Dental evaluation and care during primary tooth eruption

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12
Q

Management of CLAP (1-5 years)

A

Secondary assessment and correction

Psychiatric Evaluation

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13
Q

Management of CLAP (8-10 years)

A

Alveolar bone grafting

Continue orthodontic follow up

Speech therapy

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14
Q

management of Clap (16-18 years)

A

Orthognathic surgery

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15
Q

Management of CLAP (19 years)

A

Aesthetic surgery

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16
Q

Rare congenital disorder characterized by abducens and facial nerve palsy, metal retardation, limb malformation, and poland anomaly

A

Mobius sequence

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17
Q

Pierre Robin sequence triad

A

Mandibular micro-retrognathia

glossoptosis

Cleft of the secondary palate and upper airway obstruction

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18
Q

What cell groups and material predominate during the inflammatory stage of wound healing?

A

Lymphocytes

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19
Q

What cell groups and material predominate during the proliferative stage of wound healing?

A

Fibroblasts

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20
Q

House-brackman grade of facial nerve movement

A

I - Normal

II - Slight weakness on close inspection

III-Obvious weakness, not disfiguring

IV- Obvious Disfiguring weakness

V- Motion barely perceptible

VI - No movement, loss of tone, no synkenesis, contracture or spasm

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21
Q

Change in pressure within an elastic medium

A

Sound

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22
Q

What is the average human threshold for sound to e Painful

A

120 decibels

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23
Q

Highest frequency perceived by human hearing

A

20,000 Hz

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24
Q

That test compares a patien’ts air and bone conduction hearing?

A

Rinne

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25
Q

What forms the roof of the middle ear space?

A

Tegmen tympani

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26
Q

Muscle that controls the opening of ET

A

Tensor veli palitini

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27
Q

The semi-circular canals are oriented at ___degrees to each other?

A

90

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28
Q

What audiometric test is employed as part of the newborn screening?

A

Otoacoustic emissions

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29
Q

Most common organism involved in diffuse otitis externa

A

Pseudomonas

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30
Q

Usual infecting organism in localized otitis externa

A

S. aureus

31
Q

usual Pathogens causing otomycosis

A

Aspergillus albicans

Pitysporum

Aspergillus niger

32
Q

What otoscopic finding is consistent with barotrauma?

A

Hemotymparium

33
Q

Drug-induced hearing loss

A

Aminoglycosides

Loop diuretics

Salicylate

34
Q

Most ommon presentation of an acoustic neuroma

A

Unilateral hearing loss

35
Q

Most common organism found in chronic suppurative otitis media

A

Proteus

36
Q

A MRI with gadolinium contrast shows an enhancing lesion in the IAC.

A

Acoustic neuroma

37
Q

Function of alar nasalis

A

Constrictor

38
Q

Gland that covers the nasal epithelium

A

Bowman’s gland

39
Q

Potential side effecct of chronic use of topical nasal decongestant

A

Atrophic rhinitis (rhinitis medicamentosa)

40
Q

Paranasal sinus not presentat birth

A

Frontal sinus

41
Q

Arnold’s nerve

A

10

42
Q

Jacobson’s Nerve

A

9

43
Q

Bst radiograph for sphenoid sinus?

A

Lateral

44
Q

Complication of delayed treatment of a septal hematoma

A

Maxillary sinusitis

45
Q

Most common cause of profuse epistaxis in the elderly?

A

Hypertension

46
Q

Most common site of origin of a nasopharyngeal cancer?

A

Fossa of Rosenmuller

47
Q

To which cervical lymph node group does a NPCA spread first?

A

Level 2

48
Q

How many teeth are there in the adult

A

32

49
Q

Where in the mouth is the opening of the Wharton’s duct?

A

Near the lingual frenulum

50
Q

Duct of the sublingual gland?

A

Duct of Rivinus

51
Q

Average volume of saliva produced per day?

A

1000 mL

52
Q

which salivary gland is most prone to formation of sialolithiasis?

A

Submandibular gland

More alkaline and viscous, Higher concentration of calcium and phosphate, Length and irregular course of duct, Position of the ductal orifice

53
Q

What nerve supplies the main tensor of the vocal cord?

A

External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

54
Q

Where is the best location to put in a tracheostomy tube?

A

Tracheal rings 2-4

55
Q

What nerve supplies taste to the posterior third of the tongue?

A

CN 9

56
Q

What uscle makes up the anterior tonsillar pillar?

A

Palatoglossus

57
Q

What makes up the posterior tonsillar pillar?

A

Palatopharyngeus

58
Q

Most common larungeal abnormality in the newborn characterized by inspiratory stridor?

A

laryngomalacia

59
Q

Thumb sign in neck lateral x-ray

A

epiglotitis

60
Q

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around the ….

A

Right subclavian artery

61
Q

Where are the 1st echelon lymph nodes for spread from papillary thyroid cancer

A

Level 6

62
Q

Where are the first echelon lymph nodes for spread from high grade parotid cancer?

A

Level 1,2,3

63
Q

Where are the first echelon lymph nodes for spread from T3 tongue cancer

A

Level 2, 3,4

64
Q

Where are the first echelon lymph nodes for spread from T4 glottic cancer?

A

level 2,3,4

65
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

66
Q

Human papilloma virus is strongly associated with..

A

oral cancer

67
Q

EBV is stongly associated with

A

NPCA

68
Q

Cause dby abnomal re-innervation of the Parasympathetic nerve fibers

A

Frey’s syndrome (gustatory sweating)

69
Q

Most common malignant tumor of the parotid gland

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

70
Q

Most common malignant tumor of the sublingual gland in adults

A

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

71
Q

Most common benign tumor of the parotid in adults

A

benign mixed tumor (pleomorphic adenoma)

72
Q

Most common benign tumor of the parotid gland in children

A

Hemangioma

73
Q

What anatomic landmark separates level 2 from the level 4 lymph nodes in the neck?

A

Hyoid bone

74
Q

What anatomic landmark separates level 2a from level 2b LN in the neck?

A

Spinal accesory nerve

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