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high yield concepts > IM samplex notes > Flashcards

IM samplex notes Flashcards

1
Q

Most common pattern of diabetic neuropathy

A

Distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy

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2
Q

Lab test to monitor hyperthyroidism

A

Free T4

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3
Q

Chvostek sign (+)

A

hypocalcemia

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4
Q

TB drug that may cause joint pain

A

pyrazinamide can also cause jaundice

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5
Q

In what phase of pneumonia is there predominance of neutrophils and deposition of fibrin?

A

Grey hepatization

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6
Q

prophylaxis against NSAID related mucosal injury

A

Bismuth

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7
Q

Most potent medication for AR in providing relief of established rhinitis

A

ICS

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8
Q

Daily maintenancedose of antithyroid drugs in the titration regimen

A

2.5 -10 mg of carbimazole or methimazole

50-100 mg of PTU

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9
Q

Follow up for thyroid function

A

4-6 weeks after starting treatment, and the dose is titrated based on Free T4 levels.

Most do not achieve euthyroidism until 6-8 weeks after treatment is initiated.

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10
Q

Anithyroid meds that must be avoided in children

A

propylthiouracil

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11
Q

Antithyroid meds that can cause cholestasis (RARE)

A

methimazole and carbimazole

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12
Q

Adverse effect of ferrous sulfate

A
  • Epigastric pain
  • Constipation
  • darkening of stols
  • GI irration
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
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13
Q

Alarm features of dyspepsia

  • burning epigastic pain radiating to the retrosternal area
  • exacerbated by meals and sometimes awakens him from sleep
  • sour tatse in his mouth
A
  • Unintentional weight loss
  • Progressive dysphagia
  • Odynophagia
  • Unexplained IDA
  • persistent vomiting
  • Palpable mass or lymphadenopathy
  • Family history of Upper GI
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14
Q

Palpating in the left lower quadrant causes pain in the Right lower quadrant

A

Rovsing’s sign

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15
Q

Internal rotation of the hip causes pain, suggeting the possibility of an inflamed appendix located in the pelvis

A

obturator sign

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16
Q

Extending the right hip causes pain along posterolateral back and hip, suggesting retrocecal appendicitis

A

Iliopsoas sign

17
Q

Anemia in CKD

A
  • Normocytic, normochromic anemia

Observed as early as Stage 3

Due to insufficient production of EPO by the diseased kidney

18
Q

Mechanism of Misoprostol as prophylaxis against NSAID-related mucosal injury

A

Inhibits basal and nocturnal gastric acid secretion

19
Q

Mechanism of Bismuth as prophylaxis against NSAID-related mucosal injury

A

antacid thought to work by coating the stomach and intestines

20
Q

Mechanism of proton pump inhibitor as prophylaxis against NSAID-related mucosal injury

A

reduce the production of acid by the stomach by irreversibly blcoking H+/K+ ATPase

21
Q

Drugs for HF that promote reverse remodelling

A
  • beta Blocker
  • ACE-i
  • ARBs
22
Q

Laboratory Findings in newly identified CKD

A
  • increased crea
  • Increased BUN
  • anemia
  • Hyperphosphatemia
  • hyperkalemia
  • metabolic acidosis
  • hypocalcemia
  • elevated PTH
23
Q

Intervention that is proven to reduce motality in COPD

A

Oxygen

  • the long term administration of oxygen (>15 hours per day) to patients with chronic respiratory failure has been shown to increase survival in patinets with sevre resting hypoxemia
24
Q

Peripheral vs Central Vertigo

A
  • Peripheral Vertigo
    • combined horizontal and torsional
    • inhibited by fixation
    • fades after a few days
    • does not change direction with gaze
  • Central Vertigo
    • ​Purely vertical, horizontal, or torsional
    • not inhibited by fixation of eyes onto object
    • may last weeks to months
    • may change direction with gaze towards fast phase of nysgtagmus
25
Q

three drugs focus priarily on reducing acute thrombotic events

A
  • Aspirin
  • ACE-i
  • Statins
    • High intensity statin therapy should be given for patients with established IHD <75 y/o)

high yield concepts (21 decks)

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