IM samplex notes Flashcards
Most common pattern of diabetic neuropathy
Distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy
Lab test to monitor hyperthyroidism
Free T4
Chvostek sign (+)
hypocalcemia
TB drug that may cause joint pain
pyrazinamide can also cause jaundice
In what phase of pneumonia is there predominance of neutrophils and deposition of fibrin?
Grey hepatization
prophylaxis against NSAID related mucosal injury
Bismuth
Most potent medication for AR in providing relief of established rhinitis
ICS
Daily maintenancedose of antithyroid drugs in the titration regimen
2.5 -10 mg of carbimazole or methimazole
50-100 mg of PTU
Follow up for thyroid function
4-6 weeks after starting treatment, and the dose is titrated based on Free T4 levels.
Most do not achieve euthyroidism until 6-8 weeks after treatment is initiated.
Anithyroid meds that must be avoided in children
propylthiouracil
Antithyroid meds that can cause cholestasis (RARE)
methimazole and carbimazole
Adverse effect of ferrous sulfate
- Epigastric pain
- Constipation
- darkening of stols
- GI irration
- Nausea
- Vomiting
Alarm features of dyspepsia
- burning epigastic pain radiating to the retrosternal area
- exacerbated by meals and sometimes awakens him from sleep
- sour tatse in his mouth
- Unintentional weight loss
- Progressive dysphagia
- Odynophagia
- Unexplained IDA
- persistent vomiting
- Palpable mass or lymphadenopathy
- Family history of Upper GI
Palpating in the left lower quadrant causes pain in the Right lower quadrant
Rovsing’s sign
Internal rotation of the hip causes pain, suggeting the possibility of an inflamed appendix located in the pelvis
obturator sign
Extending the right hip causes pain along posterolateral back and hip, suggesting retrocecal appendicitis
Iliopsoas sign
Anemia in CKD
- Normocytic, normochromic anemia
Observed as early as Stage 3
Due to insufficient production of EPO by the diseased kidney
Mechanism of Misoprostol as prophylaxis against NSAID-related mucosal injury
Inhibits basal and nocturnal gastric acid secretion
Mechanism of Bismuth as prophylaxis against NSAID-related mucosal injury
antacid thought to work by coating the stomach and intestines
Mechanism of proton pump inhibitor as prophylaxis against NSAID-related mucosal injury
reduce the production of acid by the stomach by irreversibly blcoking H+/K+ ATPase
Drugs for HF that promote reverse remodelling
- beta Blocker
- ACE-i
- ARBs
Laboratory Findings in newly identified CKD
- increased crea
- Increased BUN
- anemia
- Hyperphosphatemia
- hyperkalemia
- metabolic acidosis
- hypocalcemia
- elevated PTH
Intervention that is proven to reduce motality in COPD
Oxygen
- the long term administration of oxygen (>15 hours per day) to patients with chronic respiratory failure has been shown to increase survival in patinets with sevre resting hypoxemia
Peripheral vs Central Vertigo
-
Peripheral Vertigo
- combined horizontal and torsional
- inhibited by fixation
- fades after a few days
- does not change direction with gaze
-
Central Vertigo
- Purely vertical, horizontal, or torsional
- not inhibited by fixation of eyes onto object
- may last weeks to months
- may change direction with gaze towards fast phase of nysgtagmus
three drugs focus priarily on reducing acute thrombotic events
- Aspirin
- ACE-i
- Statins
- High intensity statin therapy should be given for patients with established IHD <75 y/o)
