Origins Of The Cold War

Question 1

Tehran Conference 1943

Answer 1

-USSR wage war against
Japan once Germany
was defeated.
-UN to be set up after war
-Area of eastern Poland
added to USSR

Question 2

Yalta Conference 1945

Answer 2

-Divide Germany and Berlin
into 4 zones
-Allow countries liberated
from German occupation to
have free elections
-Join UN
-Eastern Europe would be a
Soviet ‘sphere of influence’

Question 3

Potadam Conference 1945

Answer 3

-Germany and Berlin to be
divided and demilitarised
-Democracy in Germany
-Germany to pay
reparations to Allies

Question 4

US-Soviet Relations- Atomic Bomb

Answer 4

Atomic Bomb -USA successfully tested their first A-bomb during
the Potsdam Conference - began arms race with USSR

Question 5

US-Soviet Relations- Satellite States

Answer 5

USSR established communist states in most countries in Eastern Europe

Question 6

US-Soviet Relations-Long Telegram

Answer 6

Kennan (US official in Moscow) recommended
US action against Soviet expansion

Question 7

US-Soviet Relations-Novikov Telegram

Answer 7

Soviet ambassador to USA warned Stalin that US wanted to dominate the world

Question 8

Truman Doctrine 1947

Answer 8

Committed the US to ‘containment’ -preventing spread of communism

Question 9

Marshall Plan 1947

Answer 9

America provided economic aid to poor countries to stop them from turning to communism - between 1948-52 US gave $12.7 billion to countries in Europe

Question 10

Cominform 1947

Answer 10

set up by Stalin, organised all communist parties in Europe - encouraged communist parties to block Marshall Plan assistance

Question 11

Comecon 1949

Answer 11

economic organisation aiming to support economic growth of communist countries in Eastern Europe by encouraging trade with each other

Question 12

NATO-1949

Answer 12

in response to creation of Comecon and Cominform the USA and Western. European countries created a military alliance

Question 13

Berlin Blockade

Answer 13

-Britain, France and USA merged their
zones of West Germany in March
1948 and introduced the ‘Deutsch
mark’, improving the economy
-Capitalism was drawing people
away from communist east towards
west Germany
-Stalin cut off all transport links to
West Berlin in June 1948 to starve the
West of the city into submission
-The West responded with an airlift of
food, fuel and supplies for 10 months,
then Stalin called off Blockade May
1949

Question 14

What happened in the Soviet Union in 1953 and 1955

Answer 14

Stalin died in 1953 and in 1955 Khrushchev took over power of USSR, who wanted to,”de-Stalinise,” Russia.

Question 15

Warsaw Pact 1955

Answer 15

West Germany joined NATO, so Stalin created an equivalent military alliance of communist countries controlled by USSR

Question 16

Hungrarian Uprising 1956

Answer 16

-Students and workers rioted and attacked Secret Police
-24th Oct Nagy took over as prime minister - he introduced
democracy, freedom of speech and religion and announced
-Hungary would leave Warsaw Pact.
-Khrushchev ordered a Soviet invasion and around 20,000 Hungarians were killed and a pro-communist government was set up

Question 17

Causes of the Hungarain Uprising 1956

Answer 17

-Lack of political freedom
- Fuel Shortages
-Poor harvests
-De-Stalinisation

Question 18

Consequences of Hungarain Uprising 1956

Answer 18

-Khrushchev’s position became stronger
-200,000 Hungarian refugees fled to Austria
-Showed West would not aid Eastern Europe overthrow communism
-Western leaders determined to contain communism