Elizabeth - What and When Flashcards
Elizabeth’s accession to the throne
1558 - Elizabeth came to the throne in a heirarchal England.
The Protestant Reformation
1517 - A religious movement challenging Roman Catholic teachings
The English Reformation
1532 - Creation of the Church of England by Henry VIII
The Act of Supremacy
A part of the religious settlement, made Elizabeth supreme governor of the CofE. All clergy had to swear allegiance to her.
The Act of Uniformity
A part of the religious settlement, established the appearance of churches and the form of services.
The Royal Injunctions
A part of the religious settlement, was a set of instructions on a wide range of issues to reinforce the acts.
The Religious Settlement
1559 - A set of acts and rules to create a form of Protestantism that Catholics could accept. As well as finding compromises between the two religions, while keeping power in the hands of Elizabeth.
The Dutch Revolt
1566 - Started due to interferance from the Spanish Inquisition. A revolt of unified Catholics and Protestants.
1567 - Duke of Alba with an army of 10,000 put down the revolt
1568 - It had been defeated
The war continued for many decades.
Treaty of Edinburgh
1560 - Liz helped Scottish protestant lords defeat Mary of Guise, who had been ruling Scotland on behalf of her daughter, Mary Queen of Scots. The treaty said Mary would give up her claim to the English throne.
Mary Queen of Scot’s arrival in England
1568 - After struggling in Scotland for the throne. Mary is forced to abdicate and is imprisoned, she escapes and raises an army to win back the throne. She fails and flees to England seeking Liz’s help.
The Revolt of the Northern Earls
1959 - Catholic Earls in the north revolt against Elizabeth wanting to restore the religion. The rebels hear Catholic mass at Durham Cathedral and invade as far south as Leeds. They soon get pushed back and flee to Scotland.
The Ridolfi Plot
1571 - An Italian spy living in England for the Pope arranges a plot to murder Elizabeth, launch a Spanish invasion and put Mary on the throne with the Duke of Norfolk.
The plot was uncovered by Cecil through letters to the Duke.
The Duke was executed and Ridolfi never returned to England.
The Throckmorton Plot
1583 - Planned for the French Duke of Guise, Mary’s cousin, to invade England, free Mary, overthrow Liz and restore Catholocism. Phillip would provide financial support. An Englishman, Throckmorton, acted as a middle man.
Walsingham uncovered the plot by finding incriminating papers at Throckmorton’s place.
Throckmorton was captured, tortured, confessed and was killed.
The Babington Plot
1586 - Very similar to Throckmorton Plot.
Babington wrote to Mary proposing the plot, but the letter was intercepted by Walsingham.
Babington and those involved were hung drawn and quartered. With too many plots surrounding Mary, she was tried and executed.
Mary Queen of Scots’ Execution
1587 - Liz finally signed the death warrant after the final straw, the Babington Plot. Mary was beheaded.
Drake’s Circumnavigation
1577 - Francis Drake is sent by Liz to the New World to bring back valuables to England. He was also secretly ordered to attack Spanish colonies.
1589 - Drake returned to England’s shores after travelling all the way around the world.
The Spanish Fury
1576 - The war in the Netherlands was too costly for Spain to keep up. Unpaid forces mutinied ransacking Dutch provinces. This truly unkted all 17 Dutch provinces, Catholic and Protestant, against Spain.
Pacification of Ghent
1576 - In response to the Spanish Fury, the Dutch drew this up, demanding:
-All Spanish tropps to leave
-The restoration of political autonomy
-An end to religious persecution
Treaty of Joinville
1584 - The French Catholic League signed the Treaty of Joinville with Spain to rid France of protestants.
The Attack on Cadiz
1587 - Liz ordered Drake to attack the Spanish fleet in Cadiz, the most important atlantic port. Destroying 30 ships and many supplies.
The Spanish Armarda (Invasion)
1588 1 week -
130 ships, 30,000 men made up the Spanish Armarda with the task to invade England.
English fireships contributed greatly to their defeat, picking apart their formation.
Many Spanish ships were lost including on the way home.
1st Virginian Colony
1585 - Colonists set sail for America under the plans of Walter Raleigh
1586 - Survivors abondon the failed colonies
2nd Virginian Colony (Ronoake)
1587 - A new group of colonists arrive and establish a colony at Roanoke
1590 - Sailors arrive at Roanoke to find it abandoned. The colonists had dissapeared.
