Cold War - What and When

Question 1

Tehran Conference

Answer 1

1943 - 1st Conference of “the big three”.
Discussed opening of western front
Discussed starting international body

Question 2

Yalta Conference

Answer 2

Feb 1945 - 2nd Conference of ‘the big three’.
Discussed split of Germany into 4 zones
Discussed UN to be set up

Question 3

Potsdam Conference

Answer 3

July 1945 - 3rd conference of “the big three”. This time with Attlee and Truman.
Discussed the split of Berlin
Discussed taking moderate reperations from Germany from each zone

Question 4

Long Telegram

Answer 4

1946 - Telegram sent by American ambassador in Moscow saying Stalin wanted to see the destruction of capitalism and felt the world wanted to destroy communism.

Question 5

Novikov Telegram

Answer 5

1946 - Telegram sent by Soviet diplomat in Wahington saying the Americans wanted to dominate the world and no longer co-operate with the Soviets.

Question 6

Iron Curtain Speech

Answer 6

1946 - Speech given by Churchill in Missouri about the split in Europe and the USSRs threat to world peace and freedom

Question 7

Truman Doctrine

Answer 7

1947 - Policy of containing communism by defending free countries from it.

Question 8

Marshall Plan

Answer 8

1948 - A huge economic package sent to democratic, western countries in Europe to recover from the war. (And sway them away from communism)

Question 9

Cominform

Answer 9

1947 - Communist Information Bureau. Bringing together various communist parties under Moscow’s control

Question 10

Comecom

Answer 10

1949 - Economical alliance of communist countries. Made as competition to Marshall Plan

Question 11

The Berlin Blockade

Answer 11

1948-1949. Stalin blockaded western access to West Berlin. Operation Vittles came into action, the Berlin airlift that flew in supplies from the west into Berlin.

Question 12

Creation of NATO

Answer 12

1949 - Originally, 12 western countries created NATO-Military Alliance

Question 13

Warsaw Pact

Answer 13

1955 - In response to NATO, the USSR created the Warsaw Pact out of the eastern bloc

Question 14

The Hungarian Uprising

Answer 14

1956 - Unpopular leader, Rakosi, was replaced by Nagy. Nagy, to the distaste of the USSR, made liberal reforms such as: allowing free press, dissolving secret police and opted to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact. In response, the Soviets invaded and crushed the unrest.

Question 15

Berlin Wall Events

Answer 15

1958-61 - Berlin Refugee Crises. People were unhappy with life in East Berlin and flocked to the West side.
1961 - In response, the Berlin Wall was built to contain East Berliners.

Question 16

The Cuban Revolution

Answer 16

1959 - Cubans led by Castro and Guevara overthrow the pro-American government and eventually establish a Communist government.

Question 17

Bay of Pigs

Answer 17

1961 - An invasion of around 1400 Cuban exiles from America, attempts to topple the regime. It fails.

Question 18

The Cuban Missle Crisis

Answer 18

1962 -
An American spy plane finds soviet missles in cuba
Kennedy sets up a naval blockade around Cuba
Instead of engaging in war, Soviet ships turned around
An agreement was made that the American’s will not invade Cuba and will remove their missles in Turkey. And that the Soviets remover their missles in Cuba.

Question 19

The Prague Spring/Czechoslovakia Reforms

Answer 19

1968 -
Dubcek is elected as leader of the Communist Party
He introduces an idea of ‘Socialism with a Human Face’ to allow citizens to enjoy life while staying communist
Reforms included censorship relaxation, greater freedom to travel, increased trade with the west
A relatively peaceful invasion of Soviet troops restored order and Dubcek was removed from office and the reforms reversed

Question 20

Detente

Answer 20

1969-79 - A period of time where a period of peace and co-operation between the two sides took place. Consisting of focusing on their own problems and many talks and summits.

Question 21

SALT 1

Answer 21

1972 - A treaty signed limiting arms in both countries
Agreements were:
ABM’s were only allowed at two sites with each a max of 100
ICBM’s and SLBM’s were limited
Rules were laid out to make every effort to avoid nuclear war

Question 22

Helsinki Accords

Answer 22

1975 - Meeting of NATO and the Warsaw Pact
Agreements were:
European borders are accepted
Internation co-operation is to continue
Human rights were to be respected

Question 23

Soviet-Afghan War

Answer 23

1979-89 - Soviets invaded to support pro-soviet government. Against the mujahideen. In order to prevent Muslim fundamentalism spread in the union.

Question 24

Fall of the Berlin Wall

Answer 24

1989 - East Berliners grew restless when thousands of people gathered by the border. The masses could not be controlled and violence wanted to be avoided and the wall came down.