Cold War - What and When Flashcards
Tehran Conference
1943 - 1st Conference of “the big three”.
Discussed opening of western front
Discussed starting international body
Yalta Conference
Feb 1945 - 2nd Conference of ‘the big three’.
Discussed split of Germany into 4 zones
Discussed UN to be set up
Potsdam Conference
July 1945 - 3rd conference of “the big three”. This time with Attlee and Truman.
Discussed the split of Berlin
Discussed taking moderate reperations from Germany from each zone
Long Telegram
1946 - Telegram sent by American ambassador in Moscow saying Stalin wanted to see the destruction of capitalism and felt the world wanted to destroy communism.
Novikov Telegram
1946 - Telegram sent by Soviet diplomat in Wahington saying the Americans wanted to dominate the world and no longer co-operate with the Soviets.
Iron Curtain Speech
1946 - Speech given by Churchill in Missouri about the split in Europe and the USSRs threat to world peace and freedom
Truman Doctrine
1947 - Policy of containing communism by defending free countries from it.
Marshall Plan
1948 - A huge economic package sent to democratic, western countries in Europe to recover from the war. (And sway them away from communism)
Cominform
1947 - Communist Information Bureau. Bringing together various communist parties under Moscow’s control
Comecon
1949 - Economical alliance of communist countries. Made as competition to Marshall Plan
The Berlin Blockade
1948-1949. Stalin blockaded western access to West Berlin. Operation Vittles came into action, the Berlin airlift that flew in supplies from the west into Berlin.
Creation of NATO
1949 - Originally, 12 western countries created NATO-Military Alliance
Warsaw Pact
1955 - In response to NATO, the USSR created the Warsaw Pact out of the eastern bloc
The Hungarian Uprising
1956 - Unpopular leader, Rakosi, was replaced by Nagy. Nagy, to the distaste of the USSR, made liberal reforms such as: allowing free press, dissolving secret police and opted to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact. In response, the Soviets invaded and crushed the unrest.
Berlin Wall Events
1958-61 - Berlin Refugee Crises. People were unhappy with life in East Berlin and flocked to the West side.
1961 - In response, the Berlin Wall was built to contain East Berliners.
The Cuban Revolution
1959 - Cubans led by Castro and Guevara overthrow the pro-American government and eventually establish a Communist government.
Bay of Pigs
1961 - An invasion of around 1400 Cuban exiles from America, attempts to topple the regime. It fails.
The Cuban Missle Crisis
1962 13 days -
An American spy plane finds soviet missles in cuba
Kennedy sets up a naval blockade around Cuba
Instead of engaging in war, Soviet ships turned around
An agreement was made that the American’s will not invade Cuba and will remove their missles in Turkey. And that the Soviets remove their missles in Cuba.
The Prague Spring/Czechoslovakia Reforms
1968 -
Dubcek is elected as leader of the Communist Party
He introduces an idea of ‘Socialism with a Human Face’ to allow citizens to enjoy life while staying communist
Reforms included censorship relaxation, greater freedom to travel, increased trade with the west
A relatively peaceful invasion of Soviet troops restored order and Dubcek was removed from office and the reforms reversed
Detente
1969-79 - A period of time where a period of peace and co-operation between the two sides took place. Consisting of focusing on their own problems and many talks and summits.
SALT 1
1972 - A treaty signed limiting arms in both countries
Agreements were:
ABM’s were only allowed at two sites with each a max of 100
ICBM’s and SLBM’s were limited
Rules were laid out to make every effort to avoid nuclear war
Helsinki Accords
1975 - Meeting of NATO and the Warsaw Pact
Agreements were:
European borders are accepted
Internation co-operation is to continue
Human rights were to be respected
Soviet-Afghan War
1979-89 - Soviets invaded to support pro-soviet government. Against the mujahideen. In order to prevent Muslim fundamentalism spread in the union.
Fall of the Berlin Wall
1989 - East Berliners grew restless when thousands of people gathered by the border. The masses could not be controlled and violence wanted to be avoided and the wall came down.
