origins of psychology✅

Question 1

describe Wundt’s Structuralism approach

Answer 1

studies human consciousness by breaking down its structure into smaller components such as sensations and perceptions

Question 2

describe Wundt’s Introspection method

Answer 2

• pps were asked to reflect on their own cognitive processes + describe them
• pps were presented w/ carefully controlled sensory events + asked to describe mental experiences
  -Wundt believed pps needed state of high attention to the stimulus and in control of the situation
• observations were repeated numourous times

Question 3

give some examples of how Wundt’s techniques may be considered scientific

Answer 3

• All introspections were recorded under controlled conditions
• used same stimulus each time
• same standardized instructions

Question 4

describe Watson and later Skinner’s 1913 behaviourist approach

Answer 4

• brought language + methods of science into psych
• focuses on scientific processes involved in learning + use of labs
• many modern psychs rely on experimental methods

Question 5

describe the 1960’s Cognitive approach

Answer 5

• believe internal thoughts are important area of study
• attempt to make inferences based on behaviour
• draw conclusions about cognitive processes based on behaviour in lab investigations

Question 6

describe the 1980’s Biological approach

Answer 6

• uses sophisticated technology (brain scans) to understand function of brain
• objective observations
• replicable

Question 7

describe the 2000’s cognitive neuroscience approach

Answer 7

• combines biological and cognitive approaches
• investigates how biological structures influence mental states

Question 8

what are some overall A03 points of the Origins of Psychology

Answer 8

-DESCRIPTIVE NOT EXPLANATORY❌
–> Wundt doesnt have explanatory behaviour principles
-WUNDT = NON OBSERVABLE BEHAVIOUR❌
–> inrtospection is subjective therefore not scientific
-SCIENTIFIC✅
–> standardised controlled environment

Question 9

describe an A03 point of The origins of Psychology regarding descriptive and not explanatory data❌

Answer 9

• unlike Wundt, behaviourists brought scientific procedures which means valid results
• Wundt’s findings don’t show explanatory principles that are generalisable for all behaviour
• Wundt’s research is difficult to make general explanatory rules from

Question 10

describe and A03 point of The origins of Psychology regarding the method relying on non-observable behaviour❌

Answer 10

• different people reflecting on the same mental experiences could report differently, meaning data is different
• hard to replicate
• doesn’t meet scientific criteria

Question 11

describe an A03 point of the Origins of Psychology regarding scientificness ✅

Answer 11

• sensory events/environment were highly controlled
• demonstrates cause and effect relationship between IV and DV
• contributes to psychology’s emergence as a scientific discipline
• focus on mental processes may be seen as foretunnel to the cognitive approach