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biological approach Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the biological approach assume?

A

assumes that all behaviour has a biological origin

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2
Q

define genotype

A

genetic makeup –> actual set of genes

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3
Q

define phenotype

A
  • way genes are influenced by external factors
    –> eg MAO-A gene determines aggression, but behaviour is determined by environment
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4
Q

how do genes influence behaviour

A
  • carry info in the form of DNA which affects characteristics
  • evidence shows some behavioural characteristics (eg. Intelligence or illness) can be inherited
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5
Q

describe research into the influence of genes- twin studies

A
  • McGuffin found that if one identical twin has depression, there is a 46% chance the other twin will aswell
    -suggests there is a genetic component
  • these correlations are important for understanding certain human conditions
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6
Q

what are Monozygotic twins

A
  • both inherit 100% similar genes
  • always same sex
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7
Q

describ Dizygotic twins

A
  • both inherit 50% similar genes
  • can be different sex
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8
Q

describe natural selection

A

-animals with particular traits that provides an advantage in survival
-more likely to survive and pass on survival characteristics

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9
Q

define sexual selection

A

-advantage which some have over others of the same sex
-solely in aspect of reproduction
- eg- tall = mate = pass on

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10
Q

give an example of evolutionary psychology research done by Buss

A
  • surveyed hetero mate selection accross 37 countries
  • found that men preferred looks and chastity whereas women preferred good financially and reliability
  • suggests certain traits have evolved males and females since they promote better prospects for passing on favourable genes
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11
Q

describe the influence of biological structure

A
  • bio psychs believe structure of organs, such as brain and CNS, determine behaviour
  • nervous system sends msgs through neuron eg. feeling hungry
  • different lobes of brain are linked with different functions
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12
Q

what is the Frontal lobe responsible for

A

higher executive functions such as planning and thinking

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13
Q

what is the Parietal lobe responsible for

A

processes sensory info such as pain and taste

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14
Q

what is the occipital lobe responsible for

A

visuospatial processing

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15
Q

what is the Temporal lobe responsible for

A

language comprehension

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16
Q

describe the influence of neurochemistry

A
  • neurochemistry refers to the chemicals which act upon the brain and influence behaviour
    -neurotransmitters are the chemicals related to behaviour which interest psychs.
    EG; dopamine + addiction
    serotonin + mood
17
Q

what are some overall A03 points of the biological approach

A
  • SUPPORTING EVIDENCE✅
    –> lewis, Nestadt = gene studys
  • CAN BE SCIENTIFICALLY TESTED✅
    –> PET scans, greater status
  • FALLS ON NATURE SIDE OF DEBATE
    –> may ignore nurture
18
Q

Describe an A03 point of the biological approach regarding supporting evidence✅

A
  • Lewis - 37% of ppl with OCD had parents with disorder and 21% had siblings who suffered
  • Nestadt said ppl with 1st degree relatives w/ OCD are 5x more likely to have it
  • adds validity to biological approach –> genetic innateness in behaviour
19
Q

describe an A03 point of the biological approach regarding scientificness

A
  • brings scientific methods as it focuses on observable behaviour in controlled labs
  • uses tech so study relationships between brain and behaviour
  • shows cause and effect
  • gives psych status
20
Q

describe an A03 point of the biological approach regarding nature-nurture

A
  • suggests behaviour is due to physiology (genes) so falls on nature side of debate
    –> however environment is acknowledged with phenotypes
  • in order for behaviour to be understood, it must be broken down
    –> this means phenomena are explained using structural explanations
  • bio approach may not only ignore influence of nurture (eg learning), but also ignore holistic explanations (eg. family background)
21
Q

describe evolution

A
  • behaviour has evolved over generations to adapt to environment
  • genes that are adaptive are naturally selected and continue through future generations

psychology approaches (4 decks)

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