humanistic explanation✅ Flashcards
what was humanism intended to offer
intended to offer a less deterministic and artificial approach
what are humanistic theories concerned with?
human experiences, uniqueness, freedom…
describe the term ‘free will’ regarding the humanistic approach
- choice in how we behave
- “self determining” despite past influences
- everyone controls their own destiny
describe Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
- most basic human needs must be met (water etc…)
- then comes safety (employment, family etc)
- then comes love/belonging ( sexual partner, friends)
- finally comes self esteem and respect from others
-once all these have been met, people can reach ‘self-actualisation’ (spiritual, acceptance of world)
describe self-actualisation
- true self awareness + honest relationship with world
- Maslow stated achieving Self-actualisation is peak experiences
- in awe of world w/o fear/inhibitions
describe Focus on the Self and Congruence
Rogers was interested in;
1) need for self worth
2)need for unconditional positive regard from others
- congurence = ideal self and real self are similar
- incongruence =ideal self and real self are dissimilar
what does Roger’s ‘need for self worth and unconditional positive regard from others’ emerge from?
- good relationships w/ parents
- individuals self worth has direct impact on well-being
describe ‘conditions of worth’
- parents are often people who provide child w/ unconditioned positive regard
- some parents impose ‘conditions of worth’, meaning child must behave in certain way to receive positive regard
-COW is where ppl feel that their approval is dependant apon meeting them in order for ppl to see them favourably
-it is possible for ppl to only feel acceptance once they have met said standards
-this can produce feelings of incongurence
describe The influence on counselling psychology regarding the humanistic approach
- the purpose of Rogerian therapy was to close gap of incongruence between self-concept and ideal self
- believed that through client-centered approach, individuals could reach self-actualisation
- role of therapist was to provide unconditional positive regard
- if client feels sufficiently supported, their conditions of worth affecting their self-concept will disappear
- enables them to behave how they want rather than how they feel they should
what are some overall A03 points of the Humanistic Approach for behaviour
-INFLUENCE ON PSYCH COUNSELLING✅
–> usefull contributions
-NO EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE❌
–> + may be culturally bias
-CONCEPT OF FREE WILL IS CENTRAL TO HUMANISM✅
–> ignores determinism
-OTHER OPPOSING APPRAOCHES❌
–> biological approach, Humanistic is limited
describe an A03 point of the Humanistic approach regarding influences on counselling✅
P-major influence on psych counselling
E- therapists us Roger’s idea of unconditional positive regard
E- conditions of worth and self-regard are important features for counselling
L- humanistic approach is useful + has contributions to real world
describe an A03 point of the Humanistic approach regarding empirical evidence❌
P- not rooted from empirical evidence
E- impossible to test scientifically
E- no evidence for self actualisation/unconditional positive regard, compared to bio approach who use brain scanning
E/L- theoretical emphasis in individual achievement raises concerns about cultural bias –> may only feature in western cultures
describe an A03 point of the humanistic approach regarding the concept of free will✅
P- free will is central to humanistic thinking
E- believe that behaviour is a choice, individual controls destiny
E- aggressive behaviour is a choice, not due to testosterone
L- ignores influence of determinism and allows individuals to decide how they act
describe an A03 point of the humanistic approach regarding opposing approaches❌
P- may be other explanations
E- biological approach argues lack of serotonin = depression, which can be tested with brain scans
L- suggests humanistic approach may be limited
