Origins of Physical Anthropology Flashcards
● Age of Exploration and Discovery
19TH CENTURY ANTHROPOLOGY
● Age of Exploration and Discovery is the result of the convergence of
geology, biology, and
interest in the “other”
rode the HMS Beagle to arrive at the Galapagos Island; he also proposed his Theory of Evolution.
Charles Darwin
also corresponded with world-renowned microbiologist Rudolf Virchow
Dr. Jose Rizal
Father of Cellular Pathology,
Rudolf Virchow
Location of excavation
Lamayan Road, Sta Ana. Manila
Excavation site shows
The remains of a human, certain artifacts, and a dog
Made by possible because of the technological advancement
Age of Exploration and Discovery
Rizal and Virchow’s correspondence resulted to the book
The Peopling of the Philippines (1821 - 1902)
The Peopling of the Philippines (1821 - 1902)
The characteristic of various people in the Philippines
Rizal was also an?
Ethnologist
20TH CENTURY
Marked the “race to racism”
became the basis of many forms of violence and
oppression.
Race
asserted their superiority over Jews
The Nazis
occurred in
Africa
Apartheid (racial segregation)
Stripped of honorary title because of racism through science to justify prejudice
James Watson
He opposed racism as early as 1925
Franz Boas
Franz Boas wrote _____ in ___to opposed the views of racism
“The Nordic Nonsense” in 1925
There are still racial tension in the?
USA
__________ has been legalized in the 1960
Interracial marriages
Modern acts of racism include the recent Murder of African-American ________?
George Floyd
The Nordic Nonsense is about?
Detaching the idea of superiority among races
Context of James Watson’s issue
Racist comments about the intellectual or same level of intelligence between races
Apartheid in Africa Includes:
Domination of white africans over non whites
Native black rights were sidelined
Exploitation of the blacks through threats
Key Figures in the 20th Century Anthropology in the Philippines?
William Henry Scott
Henry Otley Beyer
William Henry Scott:
Exposed the myths of the Order or the Kalantiaw and the Ten Datus as fraud
○ Demonstrated importance of rigor in anthropology
○ Challenged myths with total objectivity and detachment
William Henry Scott:
Father of Department of Anthropology (UP)
Henry Otley Beyer
Henry Otley Beyer contributions:
Showcased indigenous people
Focused on physicality and savagery
Themes are likened to poverty porn
any media of poverty used to gain empathy/donations
poverty porn
BA Anthropology in UP (Subjects)
Criminal Anthropology and Race Mixture
Genetic Physiology
Heredity
criminal
tendencies are determined by face and physical features.
Criminal Anthropology and Race Mixture
being born into specific
personalities and psyche.
Genetic Physiology
miscegenation, sexual selection, and eugenics.
Heredity
WAVE MIGRATION THEORY
Began in 19th and popularized by H Otley Beyer
Racial waves inhabited the Philippines in order!
○ Negritos
○ Indonesians (with A and B subgroups)
○ Malays
○ Spaniards
Order of Kalantiaw
given to people with significant service in the fields of law and justice
OoK was debunk by William Henry Scott through his phd thesis titled what?
Critical Study of the Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of the Philippine History
This theory is unscientific and does not have a relation to each other
The correlation of race and technology
Who is responsible for RACIAL ACCOUNTING?
Daniel Folkmar
The Racial Accounting is present in the published work of Folkmar entitled?
“An Album of Philippine Types: Christian and Moros”
“An Album of Philippine Types: Christian and Moros” how many photographs and classification?
160 photographs of Filipinos classified into 12 basic types based on physical measurements and skin color.
19TH CENTURY HANGOVERS:
Insistence on race in osteology (study of bones)
Insisting Japanese ethnicity based on skulls alone
Proven as false as osteology requires DNA analysis
21ST CENTURY Frontiers:
Genetics and Neurology
Genetics reshaped many aspects of
anthropology, such as:
■ Genetic Linguistics
■ Genetic Creolistics
■ Genetic Forensics
Selective Search for Origins:
Entry on Filipino Mestizo
IMSCF means what? A syndrome in America and the Filipino Identity Crisis
I am Spanish-Chinese-Filipino
IMSCF’s Mindset
a hyphenated Filipino ethnicity increases a person’s social status
should not be separated from one another.
Culture and Biology
Cultural interpretations and reinterpretations of biology, especially around sex, sexuality, and gender, from gender-restricted activities, theatre, dance, sports, and religious rites.
INTEGRATING CULTURE AND BIOLOGY
There is diversity in people’s neurology (and in turn, cognitions). Examples: artists, athletes, engineers,
and the like
NEUROLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY
The connections of genetics, neurology, and anthropology can be seen in______
Small Societies
Examples of small societies:
People with Asperger’s are often marginalized and may even be called “Aswang.”
Self-label of people diagnosed with Asperger’s?
Aspies
DSM stands for?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
ADHD HISTORY
1798- mental restlessness by Alexander Crichton
DSM I 1952- MINIMAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION
DSM II 1968- HYPERKINETIC REACTION OF CHILDREN
DSM III 1981- ADD WITH OR WITHOUT HYPERACTIVITY
DSM IV 1987- FINALIZED ADHD
DSM V 2013- 3 SUB TYPES
_________Labeled in 1944, but the disorder did not make it to________ until_____was taken out in_____and merged into________
Asperger’s
DSM III
1981
DSM in 2013
Austism spectrum
OTHER APPLICATIONS:
Anthropology should recognize ‘awesome’ forces and practices
The anthropologist can serve as a ____or the most simple matters (e.g. metal allergies) to the most pressing and systemic
public advocate
Anthropologists should also exhibit scientific rigor and be discerning in finding a balance between views of culture and its implications (such as othering).
ANTHROPOL. AS ADVOCATES AND SCIENTISTS
From a scientific lens, culture could be viewed as a
convergence (union) of diversity.
Michael L. Tan quote
“A good anthropologist must be able to think across the four sub-disciplines to tackle age-old issues of nature and nurturing”
