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Anthropology 1 > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

The study of heredity (passing of traits from parents to offspring)

A

Genetics:

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2
Q

Father of Heredity

A

Gregor Mendel

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3
Q

he experimented with ____ and scientific name______

A

pea plants (Pisum sativum)

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4
Q

He used pea plants because they:

A

■ were easy to grow
■ have easily identifiable traits
■ have large numbers of samples to work
with

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5
Q

MENDELIAN EXPERIMENT:

A

create a pure or true-breeding generation
Removed the stamen to ensure self-pollination
Ensured purity of true-breeding and then crossed the
plants

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6
Q

He called the offspring F1 generation also known as

A

he first filial generation

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7
Q

When the pure yellow peas were crossed with
pure green peas

A

all the offspring became yellow.

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8
Q

An offspring with contrasting traits (evident in the F2 generation).

A

Hybrid

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9
Q

Mendel concluded that inheritance is:

A

determined by factors passed on from one generation to another. This is due to genetics.

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10
Q

are characteristics.

A

Traits

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11
Q

are representations of traits usually in the form of
capital letters and small letters.

A

Alleles

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12
Q

Represented by capital
letters; usually mask other traits.

A

Dominant Alleles

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13
Q

Represented by small letters; hidden/masked

A

Recessive Alleles

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14
Q

Alleles with the same trait

A

Homozygous Alleles

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15
Q

2 types of Homozygous Alleles

A

Homozygous dominant
homozygous recessive

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16
Q

Alleles with different traits

A

Heterozygous/Hybrid Alleles

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17
Q

2 types of Heterozygous/Hybrid Alleles

A

Heterozygous dominant
heterozygous recessive

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18
Q

Refers to the genetic material or composition (represented by alleles; INTERNAL

A

Genotype

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19
Q

refers to the observable characteristics or traits (EXTERNAL)

A

Phenotype

20
Q

_____ influences____

A

Genotype-Phenotype

21
Q

Mendelian Genetics have:

A

LIMITATIONS: Human traits
(e.g. skin color) are non-binary

22
Q

James Watson and Francis Crick proposed

A

double-helix model of the DNA

23
Q

Nitrogenous Bases:

A

Include Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine

24
Q

Chargaff’s rule

A

Guanine is always partnered with Cytosine while Adenine is always paired with Thymine.

25
Q

building blocks of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotides

26
Q

Nucleotides is made up of

A

sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

27
Q

occurs when a DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division

A

DNA Replication

28
Q

Occurs when DNA is replicated into RNA

A

DNA Transcription

29
Q

translate codons into amino acid sequences

A

DNA translation

30
Q

are the sites of translation

A

Ribosome

31
Q

affect cellular structures and bodily
functions

A

Proteins

32
Q

are located inside the nucleus of animals and plant cells.

A

Chromosomes

33
Q

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes

22:
1:

A

Autosome;sex chromosome

34
Q

Types of Genetic Tools

A

Pedigree Chart
Karyotyping
Chromosome Maps

35
Q

Diagrams that depict family relationships and inheritance patterns of traits or diseases

A

Pedigree Chart

36
Q

Charts that show the
number, arrangement, and structure of chromosomes inside the nucleus of an organism

A

Karyotyping

37
Q

Diagrams showing the position of genes in a chromosome strand

A

Chromosome Maps

38
Q

Changes in the chromosome structure that interferes with its normal functions 4 ways?

A

Duplication
Deletion
Inversion
Translocation

39
Q

A chromosome segment is repeated in the same strand.

A

Duplication

40
Q

A portion of a chromosome is erased or deleted.

A

Deletion

41
Q

Part of a chromosome is expressed backward.

A

Inversion

42
Q

Part of a chromosome is moved to another chromosome.

A

Translocation

43
Q

Changes in Chromosome structure

A

Mutations

44
Q

A group of physical characteristics or symptoms of a disease/disorder

A

GENETIC SYNDROMES

45
Q

Genotypic abnormalities in genes or chromosomes.
May or may not be inherited

A

GENETIC DISORDERS

46
Q

A chromosomal condition caused by the presence of another or a part of chromosome 21.

A

Trisomy 21 or Down Syndrome

47
Q

Evolution is caused by one or a combination of the following four (4) forces:

A

Mutation
Natural Selection
Genetic Drift
Gene Flow
Reproductive Isolation(bonus)

Anthropology 1 (6 decks)

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