History of Evolutionary Ideas Flashcards
ORIGIN OF LIFE
Also known as the “Origin of Evolutionary Ideas
The changes in organism that occur over a long period of time.
Evolution
All known origin of life:
Creationism
Catastrophism
Uniformitarianism
Life forms have existed since the beginning of time
Asserts that there is a supernatural power that created and descends upon humans (God created man out of nothing)
Creationism
Creationism in the Philippines?
The Folk Tale of Malakas and Maganda
New life forms emerge after a catastrophe
Catastrophism
Catastrophism proponent:
Georges Cuvier
Geological changes emerge from small geological changes over a period of time
Uniformitarianism
Changes in____is regarded as a uniform process
Earth
Uniformitarianism proponents:
James Hutton & Charles Lyell
Key figures in evolution
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
Thomas Robert Malthus
Charles Darwin
The first biologist to say that life forms evolve
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck proposed the____
inheritance of acquired
characteristics brought about by the
environment.
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck proposed theory is disproven through____
Phenotypic traits
Observed that the current food supply cannot support the increasing population.
Thomas Robert Malthus
Thomas Robert Malthus stated____
Those who can get food will be the ones to survive; the rest will go into extinction.
Influenced Charles Darwin to think about overpopulation and variability of species.
Thomas Robert Malthus
Observed variations among similar organisms specifically adapted to different environments
Charles Darwin
Rode the HMS Beagle and arrived at the Galapagos Islands, where he conducted his research.
Charles Darwin
A genetically trait-based characteristic that makes an organism better suited to its environment.
Adaptation
Survival of the fittest (adaptable); elimination of the less fit or unfavored.
Natural Selection
Natural Selection examples:
Giraffe necks
Beaks of finches
was published by Darwin.
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural
Selection
Darwin’s Arguments (1-4)
Living things tend to produce more offspring than the environment can support
Lack of resources increases competition; therefore, there exists a constant struggle for existence.
All living organisms vary; variations in genotype are passed on from generation to generation.
Only the fittest and well-adapted can survive.
EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION:
Direct
Indirect
Something that can be directly observed
or seen.
Direct
Something that does not involve actual observation of evolution but from which evolution may be inferred.
Indirect
Remains or impressions of animals or plants preserved in the earth’s crust.
FOSSILS
Specialized field of anatomy that compares anatomical structures within a particular group of organisms.
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
Homologous Structures:
Similar structures, different function
Analogous Structure
Similar functions, but different structures
Vestigial Structures
Small structures that are useless
Vestigial Structures examples:
Appendix
Coccyx
Closely-related organisms are similar in _______
Biochemical Makeup
Use of geology and biology to describe species, their environments, and their presence and distribution in a geographical area.
BIOGEOGRAPHY
Study of distribution of organisms
BIOGEOGRAPHY
The relationship of organisms with their environments can tell:
how they behave
Study of similarities in embryonic development
EMBRYOLOGY
