Origins of life

Question 1

Reducing atmosphere hypothesis

Answer 1

organic molecules in the air

Question 2

Extraterrestrial hypothesis

Answer 2

Is the proposition that creatures (UFOs / OVNIs) from other planets occupy spacecraft

Question 3

Deep-sea vent hypothesis

Answer 3

In the sea–> organic molecules

Question 4

Panspermia

Answer 4

theory that life exists and is distributed throughout the universe in the form of germs or spores that develop in the right environment.

Question 5

Oparin-Halden Theory

Answer 5

Proposed that organic molecules can be

formed from inorganic molecules- airrr

Question 6

Creationism

Answer 6

All tihng were created by an omnipotent Creator, and not gradually evolved or developed.

Question 7

Spontaneous generation

Answer 7

The hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter;

Question 8

Endosymbiotic theory

Answer 8

• Symbiosis:	
Asossiation of	two
different organisms
for good
• Endo- :	to	engulf
something

Question 9

Redi’s Experiment

Answer 9

Spontaneous creation of maggots by placing fresh meat in each of two different jars. One jar was left open; the other was covered with a cloth. Days later, the open jar contained maggots, whereas the covered jar contained no maggots.
Redi successfully demonstrated that the maggots came from fly eggs and thereby helped to disprove spontaneous generation.

Question 10

Spallanzani’s Experiment

Answer 10

Two separate bottles, boiling the broth in both bottles, then sealing one bottle and leaving the other open. Days later, the unsealed bottle was teeming with small living things that he could observe more clearly with the newly invented microscope. The sealed bottle showed no signs of life. This certainly excluded spontaneous generation as a viable theory.

Question 11

Pasteur’s Experiment

Answer 11

He noted that as long as dust and other airborne particles were trapped in the S-shaped neck of the bottle, no life was created until this obstacle was removed. He reasoned that the contamination came from life-forms in the air. Pasteur finally convinced the learned world that even if exposed to air, life did not arise from nonlife.

Question 12

Stage 1: Organic molecules

Answer 12

Conditions on	primitive Earth conducted to	 spontaneous	formation of	organic	molecules:
1.	Reducing	
atmosphere	hypothesis
2. Extraterrestrial	
hypothesis
3.	Deep-sea	vent	
hypothesis

Question 13

Stage 2: Organic polymers

Answer 13

Creation of polymers of the previous organic molecules available.
Created in Clay or water

Question 14

Stage 3: Protobiont

Answer 14

Membrane,	enclosed	several	
organic	polymers.
Four	characteristics:
1.Boundary
2.information
3.enzymatic	function
4.self-replication
RNA	WORLD:	
• Ability	 to	store	information
• Capacity	for self-replication
• Enzymatic	function

Question 15

Stage 4: DNA/RNA/

Protein Prokaryotic cell

Answer 15

DNA and proteins cannot do all 3 functions
DNA: More stable in genetic information storage
Proteins: More aminoacids (20) enable broader
catalyc functions.