Origins, Insertions, Actions, and Innervations of the Upper Extremities Flashcards
Origin of the Pectoralis Major
Clavicle, Sternum and Upper Ribs, and the tendon of the external oblique
Insertion of the Pectoralis Major
Greater Tubercle (Intertubecular groove) of the humerus
Action of the Pectoralis Major
Entire muscle: adduction and medial rotation of the humerus, forced inspiration when the humerus is fixed
Clavicular Portion: flexes the humerus at the shoulder joint
Sternocostal portion: extends the humerus at the shoulder joint (when the humerus is flexed)
Nerve supply of the Pectoralis Major
Medial and Lateral pectoral nerves
Origin of the Pectoralis Minor
Upper ribs
Insertion of the Pectoralis Minor
Coracoid process of the scapula
Action of the Pectoralis Minor
Protraction and abduction of the scapula. Also elevates the ribcage (forced inspiration)
Nerve supply of the Pectoralis Minor
Medial pectoral nerve
Origin of the subclavius
First rib
Insertion of the Subclavius
Subclavian groove of the clavicle
Action of the Subclavius
Moves the clavicle medially and acts as a protective cushion between the clavicle and subclavian vessels
Nerve supply of the Subclavius
Nerve to the subclavius
What muscles compose the pectoral region?
Pectoralis Major, pectoralis minor, and the subclavius
Origin of the trapezius
Superior nuchel line of occiput, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, and the spines of the thoracic vertebrae
Insertion of the trapezius
The clavicle as well as the acromion process and spine of the scapula
Actions of the trapezius
Stabilizes the scapula,
Upper portion: elevates the scapula
Middle and lower portions: adducts the scapula
Nerve supply of the trapezius
Motor: spinal accessory nerve
Sensory: C4, C5
Origin of the rhomboid major
Spine of the upper thoracics
Insertion of the rhomboid major
Vertebral border of the scapula
Actions of the rhomboid major
Elevates and adducts the scapula. Also helps to stabilize the scapula
Nerve supply of the rhomboid major
Dorsal scapular nerve
Origin of the rhomboid minor
Spine of the lower cervical and T1
Insertion of the rhomboid minor
Vertebral border of the scapula
Action of the rhomboid minor
Elevates and adducts the scapula. Also helps to stabilize the scapula
Nerve supply of the rhomboid minor
Dorsal Scapular nerve
Origin of the levator scapula
Transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae
Insertion of the levator scapula
Superior angle of the scapula
Action of the levator scapula
Elevates and adducts the scapula. Also stabilizes the scapula
Nerve supply of the levator scapula
Dorsal scapular nerve
Origin of the Latissimus dorsi
Spines of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Thoracodorsal fascia
Crest of the ilium
Insertion of the latissimus dorsi
Intertubecular groove (lesser tubercle) of the humerus
Action of the latissimus dorsi
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus. Also involved with forced expiration
Nerve supply of the latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal nerve
Origin of the serratus anterior
Upper ribs
Insertion of the serratus anterior
Vertebral border of the scapula
Action of the serratus anterior
Abduction and protraction of the scapula, stabilizes the scapula, and is involved with forced inspiration if the humerus is abducted
Nerve supply of the serratus anterior
Long thoracic nerve
What muscles compose the shoulder muscles?
Trapezius, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapula, latissimus dorsi, and serratus anterior
Origin of the deltoid
Anterior head: clavicular portion from the clavicle
Middle head: acromial portion from the acromion process of the scapula
Posterior head: spinous portion
Insertion of the deltoid
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Action of the deltoid
Anterior portion: flexes and medially rotates the arm
Middle portion: abducts the arm
Posterior portion: extends and laterally rotates the arm
Nerve supply of the deltoid
Axillary nerve
Origin of the supraspinatus
Supraspinous fossa of the scapula
Insertion of the supraspinatus
Greater tuberosity of the humerus
Action of the supraspinatus
Initiates abduction of the arm, helps to laterally rotate the humerus, and helps stabilize the shoulder joint
Innervation of the supraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve
Origin of the Infraspinatus
Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
Insertion of the infraspinatus
Greater tuberosity of the humerus
Action of the infraspinatus
Laterally rotates the humerus and stabilizes the shoulder joint
Nerve supply of the infraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve
Origin of the subscapularis
Subscapular fossa of the scapula
Insertion of the subscapularis
Lesser tuberosity of the humerus
Action of the subscapularis
Medially rotates the humerus and stabilizes the shoulder joint
Nerve supply of the subscapularis
Upper and lower subscapular nerve
Origin of the teres major
Inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion of the teres major
Intertubecular groove (lesser tuberosity) of the humerus
Action of the teres major
Adducts the humerus, stabilizes the shoulder joint, and medially rotates the humerus
Nerve supply of the teres major
Lower subscapular nerve
Origin of the teres minor
Axillary border of the scapula
Insertion of the teres minor
Greater tuberosity of the humerus
Action of the teres minor
Laterally rotates the humerus and stabilizes the shoulder joint
Nerve supply of the teres minor
Axillary nerve
What muscles compose the scapular muscles
Deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, supscapularis, teres major, and teres minor
Origin of the short head of the biceps brachii
Coracoid process of the scapula
Origin of the long head of the biceps brachii
Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Insertion of the biceps brachii
Tuberosity of the radius and shaft of the ulna
Action of the biceps brachii
Flexion of the forearm and supinates the radius (prime mover)
Nerve supply of the biceps brachii
Musculocutaneous nerve
Origin of the coracobrachialis
Coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion of the coracobrachialis
Shaft of the humerus
Action of the coracobrachialis
Flexion and weak adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint. Also stabilizes the shoulder joint
Nerve supply of the coracobrachialis
Musculocutaneous nerve
Origin of the brachialis
Shaft of the humerus
Insertion of the brachialis
Coronoid process of the ulna
Action of the brachialis
Flexes the forearm (equal prime mover)
Nerve supply of the brachialis
Musculocutaneous nerve
Origin of the long head of the triceps brachii
Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Origin of the lateral head of the triceps brachii
Shaft of the humerus
Origin of the medial head of the triceps brachii
Shaft of the humerus
Insertion of the triceps brachii
Olecranon process of the ulna
Action of the triceps brachii
Extension of the forearm
Nerve supply of the triceps brachii
Radial nerve
What muscles compose the arm?
Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis, and the triceps brachii
Origin of the pronator teres
Medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna
Insertion of the pronator teres
Pronator ridge of the radius
Action of the pronator teres
Pronates the forearm at the superior radioulnar joint and assists in flexion at the elbow joint
Nerve supply of the pronator teres
Median nerve
Origin of the flexor carpi radialis
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion of the flexor carpi radialis
2nd metacarpal with a small slip to the 3rd metacarpal
Action of the flexor carpi radialis
It is an equal prime mover for flexion of the hand at the wrist joint. It also assists in abduction of the hand
Nerve supply of the flexor carpi radialis
Median nerve
Origin of the palmaris longus
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion of the palmaris longus
Palmar aponeurosis
Action of the palmaris longus
Helps flex the hand and tightens fascia of the palm. Also helps with abduction of the hand
Nerve supply of the palmaris longus
Median nerve
Origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Medial epicondyle of the humerus and the olecranon process of the ulna
Insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Pisisform, hamate, and the 5th metacarpal
Action of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Equal prime mover for flexion of the hand at the wrist joint. It also adducts the hand
Nerve supply of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar nerve
Origin of the flexor digitorum superficialis
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis
Middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Action of the flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexes the PIP joints of digits 2-5. It also helps flex the hand
Nerve supply of the flexor digitorum superficialis
Median nerve
What muscles compose the anterior superficial forearm?
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, and the flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin of the flexor digitorum profundus
Shaft of the ulna
Insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus
Distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Action of the flexor digitorum profundus
Flexes the DIP joints of digits 2-5. Also helps flex the hand
Nerve supply of the flexor digitorum profundus
Ulnar and median nerves
Origin of the flexor pollicis longus
Shaft of the radius
Insertion of the flexor pollicis longus
Distal phalanx of digit 1
Action of the flexor pollicis longus
Flexes the thumb (digit 1) at the IP joint
Nerve supply of the flexor pollicis longus
Median nerve
Origin of the pronator quadratus
Shaft of the ulna
Insertion of the pronator quadratus
Shaft of the radius
Action of the pronator quadratus
Pronation of the forearm at the inferior radial-ulnar joint. Also helps stabilize the inferior-radial-ulnar joint
Nerve supply of the pronator quadratus
Median nerve
What muscles compose the deep anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus
Origin of the brachioradialis
Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Insertion of the brachioradialis
Styloid process of the radius
Actions of the brachioradialils
Helps flex the forearm. Also pronates and supinates the forearm
Nerve supply of the brachioradialis
Radial nerve
Origin of the extensor carpi radialis longus
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus
2nd metacarpal
Action of the extensor carpi radialis longus
Extends the hand and abducts the hand
Nerve supply of the extensor carpi radialis longus
Radial nerve
Origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
3rd metacarpal
Action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extends the hand and abducts the the hand
Nerve supply of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
Radial nerve
Origin of the extensor digitorum maximus
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion of the extensor digitorum maximus
Middle phalanx of digits 2-5
Action of the extensor digitorum maximus
Extends digits 2-5, extends the hand, and abducts digits 2, 4, and 5
Nerve supply of extensor digitorum maximus
Radial nerve
Origin of extensor digiti minimi
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion of extensor digiti minimi
Proximal phalanx of digit 5
Action of extensor digiti minimi
Extend digit 5
Nerve supply of extensor digiti minimi
Radial nerve
Origin of extensor carpi ulnaris
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris
5th metacarpal
Action of extensor carpi ulnaris
Extends the hand and helps to adduct the hand
Nerve supply of extensor carpi ulnaris
Radial nerve
What muscles compose the posterior superficial forearm?
Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum maximus, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin of supinator
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the supinator crest of the ulna
Insertion of the supinator
Shaft of the radius
Action of the supinator
Supinates the forearm
Nerve supply of the supinator
Radial nerve
Origin of the abductor pollicis longus
Shaft of the ulna and radius
Insertion of the abductor pollicis longus
1st metacarpal
Action of the abductor pollicis longus
Abducts digit 1 at the CM joint
Nerve supply of abductor pollicis longus
Radial nerve
Origin of extensor pollicis brevis
Shaft of the radius
Insertion of extensor polllicis brevis
Proximal phalanx of digit 1
Action of extensor pollicis brevis
Extends digit 1 at the MP joint
Nerve supply of extensor pollicis brevis
Radial nerve
Origin of extensor pollicis longus
Shaft of the ulna
Insertion of extensor pollicis longus
Distal phalanx of digit 1
Action of extensor pollicis longus
Extends digit 1 at the IP joint
Nerve supply of extensor pollicis longus
Radial nerve
Origin of extensor indicis
Shaft of the ulna
Insertion of extensor indicis
Proximal phalanx of digit 2
Action of extensor indicis
Extends digit 2 at the MP joint
Nerve supply of extensor indicis
Radial nerve
Origin of anconeus
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion of anconeus
Olecranon process of the ulna
Action of the anconeus
Extends the forearm
Nerve supply of the anconeus
Radial nerve
What muscles compose the deep posterior forearm?
Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis, and anconeus
Origin of abductor pollicis brevis
Trapezium and scaphoid
Insertion of abductor pollicis brevis
Proximal phalanx of digit 1
Action of abductor pollicis brevis
Abducts digit 1 at the MP joint
Nerve supply of abductor pollicis brevis
Median nerve
Origin of opponens pollicis
Trapezium
Insertion of opponens pollicis
1st metacarpal
Action of opponens pollicis
Medially rotates the 1st metacarpal
Nerve supply of opponens pollicis
Median nerve
Origin of flexor pollicis brevis
Trapezium, trapezoid, and capitate bones
Insertion of flexor pollicis brevis
Proximal phalanx of digit 1
Action of flexor pollicis brevis
Flexes digit 1 at the MP joint
Nerve supply of flexor pollicis brevis
Ulnar and median nerves
Origin of adductor pollicis
Trapezoid, capitate, 2nd and 3rd metacarpals (oblique head), and the 3rd metacarpal (transverse head)
Insertion of adductor pollicis
Proximal phalanx of digit 1
Action of adductor pollicis
Adducts digit 1
Nerve supply of adductor pollicis
Ulnar nerve
What muscles compose the thenar eminence muscles?
Abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, and adductor pollicis
Origin of abductor digiti quinti/minimi
Pisiform
Insertion of abductor digiti quinti/minimi
Proximal phalanx of digit 5
Action of abductor digiti quinti/minimi
Abducts digit 5
Nerve supply of abductor digiti quinti/minimi
Ulnar nerve
Origin of flexor digiti quinti/minimi
Hamate
Insertion of flexor digiti quinti/minimi
Proximal phalanx of digit 5
Action of flexor digiti quinti/minimi
Flexes digit 5 at the MP joint
Nerve supply of flexor digiti quinti/minimi
Ulnar nerve
Origin of opponens digiti quinti/minimi
Hamate
Insertion of opponens digiti quinti/minimi
5th metacarpal
Action of opponens digiti quinti/minimi
Laterally rotates the 5th metacarpal
Nerve supply of opponens digiti quinti/minimi
Ulnar nerve
Origin of the lumbricales
Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle
Insertion of the lumbricales
Tendons of the extensor digitorum muscles
Action of the lumbricales
Flexes the MP joints and extends the IP joint
Nerve supply of the lumbricales
1st and 2nd: Median nerve
3rd and 4th: Ulnar nerve
What muscles compose the hypothenar muscles?
Abductor digiti quinti/minimi, flexor digiti quinti/minimi, opponens digiti quinti/minimi, and the lumbricales
Origin of the dorsal interossei
2nd, 3rd, and 4th metacarpals
Insertion of the dorsal interossei
Proximal phalanx of digits 2, 3, and 4
Action of the dorsal interossei
Abducts digits 2-4, flexes the MP joints, and extends the IP joints
Nerve supply of the dorsal interossei
Ulnar nerve
Origin of the palmar interossei
2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals
Insertion of the palmar interossei
Proximal phalanx of digits 2, 4, and 5
Actions of the palmar interossei
Adducts digits 2, 4, and 5, flexes the MP jointsand extends the IP joints
Nerve supply of the palmar interossei
Ulnar nerve