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Gross Anatomy I > Origins, Insertions, Actions, and Innervations of the Upper Extremities > Flashcards

Origins, Insertions, Actions, and Innervations of the Upper Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of the Pectoralis Major

A

Clavicle, Sternum and Upper Ribs, and the tendon of the external oblique

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2
Q

Insertion of the Pectoralis Major

A

Greater Tubercle (Intertubecular groove) of the humerus

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3
Q

Action of the Pectoralis Major

A

Entire muscle: adduction and medial rotation of the humerus, forced inspiration when the humerus is fixed

Clavicular Portion: flexes the humerus at the shoulder joint

Sternocostal portion: extends the humerus at the shoulder joint (when the humerus is flexed)

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4
Q

Nerve supply of the Pectoralis Major

A

Medial and Lateral pectoral nerves

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5
Q

Origin of the Pectoralis Minor

A

Upper ribs

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6
Q

Insertion of the Pectoralis Minor

A

Coracoid process of the scapula

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7
Q

Action of the Pectoralis Minor

A

Protraction and abduction of the scapula. Also elevates the ribcage (forced inspiration)

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8
Q

Nerve supply of the Pectoralis Minor

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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9
Q

Origin of the subclavius

A

First rib

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10
Q

Insertion of the Subclavius

A

Subclavian groove of the clavicle

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11
Q

Action of the Subclavius

A

Moves the clavicle medially and acts as a protective cushion between the clavicle and subclavian vessels

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12
Q

Nerve supply of the Subclavius

A

Nerve to the subclavius

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13
Q

What muscles compose the pectoral region?

A

Pectoralis Major, pectoralis minor, and the subclavius

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14
Q

Origin of the trapezius

A

Superior nuchel line of occiput, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, and the spines of the thoracic vertebrae

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15
Q

Insertion of the trapezius

A

The clavicle as well as the acromion process and spine of the scapula

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16
Q

Actions of the trapezius

A

Stabilizes the scapula,
Upper portion: elevates the scapula
Middle and lower portions: adducts the scapula

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17
Q

Nerve supply of the trapezius

A

Motor: spinal accessory nerve
Sensory: C4, C5

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18
Q

Origin of the rhomboid major

A

Spine of the upper thoracics

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19
Q

Insertion of the rhomboid major

A

Vertebral border of the scapula

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20
Q

Actions of the rhomboid major

A

Elevates and adducts the scapula. Also helps to stabilize the scapula

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21
Q

Nerve supply of the rhomboid major

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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22
Q

Origin of the rhomboid minor

A

Spine of the lower cervical and T1

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23
Q

Insertion of the rhomboid minor

A

Vertebral border of the scapula

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24
Q

Action of the rhomboid minor

A

Elevates and adducts the scapula. Also helps to stabilize the scapula

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25
Q

Nerve supply of the rhomboid minor

A

Dorsal Scapular nerve

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26
Q

Origin of the levator scapula

A

Transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae

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27
Q

Insertion of the levator scapula

A

Superior angle of the scapula

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28
Q

Action of the levator scapula

A

Elevates and adducts the scapula. Also stabilizes the scapula

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29
Q

Nerve supply of the levator scapula

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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30
Q

Origin of the Latissimus dorsi

A

Spines of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Thoracodorsal fascia
Crest of the ilium

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31
Q

Insertion of the latissimus dorsi

A

Intertubecular groove (lesser tubercle) of the humerus

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32
Q

Action of the latissimus dorsi

A

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus. Also involved with forced expiration

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33
Q

Nerve supply of the latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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34
Q

Origin of the serratus anterior

A

Upper ribs

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35
Q

Insertion of the serratus anterior

A

Vertebral border of the scapula

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36
Q

Action of the serratus anterior

A

Abduction and protraction of the scapula, stabilizes the scapula, and is involved with forced inspiration if the humerus is abducted

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37
Q

Nerve supply of the serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve

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38
Q

What muscles compose the shoulder muscles?

A

Trapezius, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapula, latissimus dorsi, and serratus anterior

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39
Q

Origin of the deltoid

A

Anterior head: clavicular portion from the clavicle
Middle head: acromial portion from the acromion process of the scapula
Posterior head: spinous portion

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40
Q

Insertion of the deltoid

A

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

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41
Q

Action of the deltoid

A

Anterior portion: flexes and medially rotates the arm
Middle portion: abducts the arm
Posterior portion: extends and laterally rotates the arm

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42
Q

Nerve supply of the deltoid

A

Axillary nerve

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43
Q

Origin of the supraspinatus

A

Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

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44
Q

Insertion of the supraspinatus

A

Greater tuberosity of the humerus

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45
Q

Action of the supraspinatus

A

Initiates abduction of the arm, helps to laterally rotate the humerus, and helps stabilize the shoulder joint

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46
Q

Innervation of the supraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve

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47
Q

Origin of the Infraspinatus

A

Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

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48
Q

Insertion of the infraspinatus

A

Greater tuberosity of the humerus

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49
Q

Action of the infraspinatus

A

Laterally rotates the humerus and stabilizes the shoulder joint

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50
Q

Nerve supply of the infraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve

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51
Q

Origin of the subscapularis

A

Subscapular fossa of the scapula

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52
Q

Insertion of the subscapularis

A

Lesser tuberosity of the humerus

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53
Q

Action of the subscapularis

A

Medially rotates the humerus and stabilizes the shoulder joint

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54
Q

Nerve supply of the subscapularis

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerve

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55
Q

Origin of the teres major

A

Inferior angle of the scapula

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56
Q

Insertion of the teres major

A

Intertubecular groove (lesser tuberosity) of the humerus

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57
Q

Action of the teres major

A

Adducts the humerus, stabilizes the shoulder joint, and medially rotates the humerus

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58
Q

Nerve supply of the teres major

A

Lower subscapular nerve

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59
Q

Origin of the teres minor

A

Axillary border of the scapula

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60
Q

Insertion of the teres minor

A

Greater tuberosity of the humerus

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61
Q

Action of the teres minor

A

Laterally rotates the humerus and stabilizes the shoulder joint

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62
Q

Nerve supply of the teres minor

A

Axillary nerve

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63
Q

What muscles compose the scapular muscles

A

Deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, supscapularis, teres major, and teres minor

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64
Q

Origin of the short head of the biceps brachii

A

Coracoid process of the scapula

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65
Q

Origin of the long head of the biceps brachii

A

Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

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66
Q

Insertion of the biceps brachii

A

Tuberosity of the radius and shaft of the ulna

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67
Q

Action of the biceps brachii

A

Flexion of the forearm and supinates the radius (prime mover)

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68
Q

Nerve supply of the biceps brachii

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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69
Q

Origin of the coracobrachialis

A

Coracoid process of the scapula

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70
Q

Insertion of the coracobrachialis

A

Shaft of the humerus

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71
Q

Action of the coracobrachialis

A

Flexion and weak adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint. Also stabilizes the shoulder joint

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72
Q

Nerve supply of the coracobrachialis

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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73
Q

Origin of the brachialis

A

Shaft of the humerus

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74
Q

Insertion of the brachialis

A

Coronoid process of the ulna

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75
Q

Action of the brachialis

A

Flexes the forearm (equal prime mover)

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76
Q

Nerve supply of the brachialis

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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77
Q

Origin of the long head of the triceps brachii

A

Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

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78
Q

Origin of the lateral head of the triceps brachii

A

Shaft of the humerus

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79
Q

Origin of the medial head of the triceps brachii

A

Shaft of the humerus

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80
Q

Insertion of the triceps brachii

A

Olecranon process of the ulna

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81
Q

Action of the triceps brachii

A

Extension of the forearm

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82
Q

Nerve supply of the triceps brachii

A

Radial nerve

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83
Q

What muscles compose the arm?

A

Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis, and the triceps brachii

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84
Q

Origin of the pronator teres

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna

85
Q

Insertion of the pronator teres

A

Pronator ridge of the radius

86
Q

Action of the pronator teres

A

Pronates the forearm at the superior radioulnar joint and assists in flexion at the elbow joint

87
Q

Nerve supply of the pronator teres

A

Median nerve

88
Q

Origin of the flexor carpi radialis

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

89
Q

Insertion of the flexor carpi radialis

A

2nd metacarpal with a small slip to the 3rd metacarpal

90
Q

Action of the flexor carpi radialis

A

It is an equal prime mover for flexion of the hand at the wrist joint. It also assists in abduction of the hand

91
Q

Nerve supply of the flexor carpi radialis

A

Median nerve

92
Q

Origin of the palmaris longus

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

93
Q

Insertion of the palmaris longus

A

Palmar aponeurosis

94
Q

Action of the palmaris longus

A

Helps flex the hand and tightens fascia of the palm. Also helps with abduction of the hand

95
Q

Nerve supply of the palmaris longus

A

Median nerve

96
Q

Origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus and the olecranon process of the ulna

97
Q

Insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Pisisform, hamate, and the 5th metacarpal

98
Q

Action of the flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Equal prime mover for flexion of the hand at the wrist joint. It also adducts the hand

99
Q

Nerve supply of the flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Ulnar nerve

100
Q

Origin of the flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

101
Q

Insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Middle phalanges of digits 2-5

102
Q

Action of the flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flexes the PIP joints of digits 2-5. It also helps flex the hand

103
Q

Nerve supply of the flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Median nerve

104
Q

What muscles compose the anterior superficial forearm?

A

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, and the flexor digitorum superficialis

105
Q

Origin of the flexor digitorum profundus

A

Shaft of the ulna

106
Q

Insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus

A

Distal phalanges of digits 2-5

107
Q

Action of the flexor digitorum profundus

A

Flexes the DIP joints of digits 2-5. Also helps flex the hand

108
Q

Nerve supply of the flexor digitorum profundus

A

Ulnar and median nerves

109
Q

Origin of the flexor pollicis longus

A

Shaft of the radius

110
Q

Insertion of the flexor pollicis longus

A

Distal phalanx of digit 1

111
Q

Action of the flexor pollicis longus

A

Flexes the thumb (digit 1) at the IP joint

112
Q

Nerve supply of the flexor pollicis longus

A

Median nerve

113
Q

Origin of the pronator quadratus

A

Shaft of the ulna

114
Q

Insertion of the pronator quadratus

A

Shaft of the radius

115
Q

Action of the pronator quadratus

A

Pronation of the forearm at the inferior radial-ulnar joint. Also helps stabilize the inferior-radial-ulnar joint

116
Q

Nerve supply of the pronator quadratus

A

Median nerve

117
Q

What muscles compose the deep anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus

118
Q

Origin of the brachioradialis

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

119
Q

Insertion of the brachioradialis

A

Styloid process of the radius

120
Q

Actions of the brachioradialils

A

Helps flex the forearm. Also pronates and supinates the forearm

121
Q

Nerve supply of the brachioradialis

A

Radial nerve

122
Q

Origin of the extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

123
Q

Insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus

A

2nd metacarpal

124
Q

Action of the extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Extends the hand and abducts the hand

125
Q

Nerve supply of the extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Radial nerve

126
Q

Origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

127
Q

Insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

3rd metacarpal

128
Q

Action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Extends the hand and abducts the the hand

129
Q

Nerve supply of the extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Radial nerve

130
Q

Origin of the extensor digitorum maximus

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

131
Q

Insertion of the extensor digitorum maximus

A

Middle phalanx of digits 2-5

132
Q

Action of the extensor digitorum maximus

A

Extends digits 2-5, extends the hand, and abducts digits 2, 4, and 5

133
Q

Nerve supply of extensor digitorum maximus

A

Radial nerve

134
Q

Origin of extensor digiti minimi

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

135
Q

Insertion of extensor digiti minimi

A

Proximal phalanx of digit 5

136
Q

Action of extensor digiti minimi

A

Extend digit 5

137
Q

Nerve supply of extensor digiti minimi

A

Radial nerve

138
Q

Origin of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

139
Q

Insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

5th metacarpal

140
Q

Action of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Extends the hand and helps to adduct the hand

141
Q

Nerve supply of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Radial nerve

142
Q

What muscles compose the posterior superficial forearm?

A

Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum maximus, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris

143
Q

Origin of supinator

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the supinator crest of the ulna

144
Q

Insertion of the supinator

A

Shaft of the radius

145
Q

Action of the supinator

A

Supinates the forearm

146
Q

Nerve supply of the supinator

A

Radial nerve

147
Q

Origin of the abductor pollicis longus

A

Shaft of the ulna and radius

148
Q

Insertion of the abductor pollicis longus

A

1st metacarpal

149
Q

Action of the abductor pollicis longus

A

Abducts digit 1 at the CM joint

150
Q

Nerve supply of abductor pollicis longus

A

Radial nerve

151
Q

Origin of extensor pollicis brevis

A

Shaft of the radius

152
Q

Insertion of extensor polllicis brevis

A

Proximal phalanx of digit 1

153
Q

Action of extensor pollicis brevis

A

Extends digit 1 at the MP joint

154
Q

Nerve supply of extensor pollicis brevis

A

Radial nerve

155
Q

Origin of extensor pollicis longus

A

Shaft of the ulna

156
Q

Insertion of extensor pollicis longus

A

Distal phalanx of digit 1

157
Q

Action of extensor pollicis longus

A

Extends digit 1 at the IP joint

158
Q

Nerve supply of extensor pollicis longus

A

Radial nerve

159
Q

Origin of extensor indicis

A

Shaft of the ulna

160
Q

Insertion of extensor indicis

A

Proximal phalanx of digit 2

161
Q

Action of extensor indicis

A

Extends digit 2 at the MP joint

162
Q

Nerve supply of extensor indicis

A

Radial nerve

163
Q

Origin of anconeus

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

164
Q

Insertion of anconeus

A

Olecranon process of the ulna

165
Q

Action of the anconeus

A

Extends the forearm

166
Q

Nerve supply of the anconeus

A

Radial nerve

167
Q

What muscles compose the deep posterior forearm?

A

Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis, and anconeus

168
Q

Origin of abductor pollicis brevis

A

Trapezium and scaphoid

169
Q

Insertion of abductor pollicis brevis

A

Proximal phalanx of digit 1

170
Q

Action of abductor pollicis brevis

A

Abducts digit 1 at the MP joint

171
Q

Nerve supply of abductor pollicis brevis

A

Median nerve

172
Q

Origin of opponens pollicis

A

Trapezium

173
Q

Insertion of opponens pollicis

A

1st metacarpal

174
Q

Action of opponens pollicis

A

Medially rotates the 1st metacarpal

175
Q

Nerve supply of opponens pollicis

A

Median nerve

176
Q

Origin of flexor pollicis brevis

A

Trapezium, trapezoid, and capitate bones

177
Q

Insertion of flexor pollicis brevis

A

Proximal phalanx of digit 1

178
Q

Action of flexor pollicis brevis

A

Flexes digit 1 at the MP joint

179
Q

Nerve supply of flexor pollicis brevis

A

Ulnar and median nerves

180
Q

Origin of adductor pollicis

A

Trapezoid, capitate, 2nd and 3rd metacarpals (oblique head), and the 3rd metacarpal (transverse head)

181
Q

Insertion of adductor pollicis

A

Proximal phalanx of digit 1

182
Q

Action of adductor pollicis

A

Adducts digit 1

183
Q

Nerve supply of adductor pollicis

A

Ulnar nerve

184
Q

What muscles compose the thenar eminence muscles?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, and adductor pollicis

185
Q

Origin of abductor digiti quinti/minimi

A

Pisiform

186
Q

Insertion of abductor digiti quinti/minimi

A

Proximal phalanx of digit 5

187
Q

Action of abductor digiti quinti/minimi

A

Abducts digit 5

188
Q

Nerve supply of abductor digiti quinti/minimi

A

Ulnar nerve

189
Q

Origin of flexor digiti quinti/minimi

A

Hamate

190
Q

Insertion of flexor digiti quinti/minimi

A

Proximal phalanx of digit 5

191
Q

Action of flexor digiti quinti/minimi

A

Flexes digit 5 at the MP joint

192
Q

Nerve supply of flexor digiti quinti/minimi

A

Ulnar nerve

193
Q

Origin of opponens digiti quinti/minimi

A

Hamate

194
Q

Insertion of opponens digiti quinti/minimi

A

5th metacarpal

195
Q

Action of opponens digiti quinti/minimi

A

Laterally rotates the 5th metacarpal

196
Q

Nerve supply of opponens digiti quinti/minimi

A

Ulnar nerve

197
Q

Origin of the lumbricales

A

Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle

198
Q

Insertion of the lumbricales

A

Tendons of the extensor digitorum muscles

199
Q

Action of the lumbricales

A

Flexes the MP joints and extends the IP joint

200
Q

Nerve supply of the lumbricales

A

1st and 2nd: Median nerve

3rd and 4th: Ulnar nerve

201
Q

What muscles compose the hypothenar muscles?

A

Abductor digiti quinti/minimi, flexor digiti quinti/minimi, opponens digiti quinti/minimi, and the lumbricales

202
Q

Origin of the dorsal interossei

A

2nd, 3rd, and 4th metacarpals

203
Q

Insertion of the dorsal interossei

A

Proximal phalanx of digits 2, 3, and 4

204
Q

Action of the dorsal interossei

A

Abducts digits 2-4, flexes the MP joints, and extends the IP joints

205
Q

Nerve supply of the dorsal interossei

A

Ulnar nerve

206
Q

Origin of the palmar interossei

A

2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals

207
Q

Insertion of the palmar interossei

A

Proximal phalanx of digits 2, 4, and 5

208
Q

Actions of the palmar interossei

A

Adducts digits 2, 4, and 5, flexes the MP jointsand extends the IP joints

209
Q

Nerve supply of the palmar interossei

A

Ulnar nerve

Gross Anatomy I (5 decks)

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