Origins & animal and human language

Question 1

“pooh-pooh” theory

Answer 1

that speech developed from the instictve sounds made in emotional circumstanses. (eg Ouch!)

Question 2

laryx

Answer 2

voice box (containing vocal cords)

Question 3

pharnyx

Answer 3

longer cavity above vocal folds (-> risk of choking)

Question 4

onomatopeia

Answer 4

words that sounds similar to the noises they describe.

Question 5

innateness hypothesis

Answer 5

linguistic theory of language acquisition, some knowledge exists in human at birth.

Question 6

reflexivity

Answer 6

that humans can talk about and reflect over the language.

a property of the human language

Question 7

displacement

Answer 7

humans can talk about future and past. animals only here and now. Also about things which existence not is sure (fairies, heaven) bee!
(a property of the human language)

Question 8

arbitrariness

Answer 8

no natural connection between a linguistic form and meaning.

(a property of the human language)

Question 9

productivity

Answer 9

human creating new expressions by manipulating linguistic resources to describe new things.
(a property of the human language)

Question 10

fixed reference

Answer 10

the lack of productivity in animal communication.

Question 11

cultural transmission

Answer 11

language passed on from a generation another.
(a property of the human language)
kitten meow anyway, but human infant makes no language.

Question 12

bow-bow therory

Answer 12

theory of words origin

words imitating sounds. eg. (splash, bang.)

Question 13

duality

Answer 13

language works at two levels. sounds and patterns made of sounds. b / i / n -> bin, nib.
(a property of the human language)

Question 14

The divine source

Answer 14

Language was given from God. Eg. If not exposed to any language when baby, start talking the “original” language given from God. There is no such language.

Question 15

The natural sound source

Answer 15

That primitive words derive from imitations of the natural sound that people heard around them. (Bow-wow & pooh-pooh)

Question 16

The social interaction source

Answer 16

The sounds of a person involved in physical effort could be the source of our language. (Especially when involving several people and had to be coordinated)

Question 17

The physical adaptation source

Answer 17

That changes in human physical features made it possible to produce language. Eg, teeth and lips, mouth and tongue, and larynx and pharynx.

Question 18

The tool-making source

Answer 18

That manual gestures have been a precursor of language. Muscle movement in lips, jaw and tongue are located near hand movement in the brain.

Question 19

The genetic source

Answer 19

Humans are born with capacity (innateness hypothesis) for language because of a rather quick change in genes.

Question 20

The six origins for human language.

Answer 20

The divine source
The natural source
The social interaction source
The physical adaptation source
The tool-making source
The genetic source

Question 21

The divine source

Answer 21

Language was given from God. Eg. If not exposed to any language when baby, start talking the “original” language given from God. There is no such language.

Question 22

The natural sound source

Answer 22

That primitive words derive from imitations of the natural sound that people heard around them. (Bow-wow & pooh-pooh)

Question 23

The social interaction source

Answer 23

The sounds of a person involved in physical effort could be the source of our language. (Especially when involving several people and had to be coordinated)

Question 24

The physical adaptation source

Answer 24

That changes in human physical features made it possible to produce language. Eg, teeth and lips, mouth and tongue, and larynx and pharynx.

Question 25

The tool-making source

Answer 25

That manual gestures have been a precursor of language. Muscle movement in lips, jaw and tongue are located near hand movement in the brain.

Question 26

The genetic source

Answer 26

Humans are born with capacity (innateness hypothesis) for language because of a rather quick change in genes.

Question 27

The six origins for human language.

Answer 27

The divine source
The natural source
The social interaction source
The physical adaptation source
The tool-making source
The genetic source

Question 28

The six properties of human language.

Answer 28

Reflexivity 
Displacement
Arbitrariness
Productivity
Cultural transmission
Duality