Origins and Insertions of Major Muscles

Question 1

Sternocleidomastoid:

Answer 1

Neck flexion, rotation. Origin, Manubrium and clavicle. Insertion, Mastoid process of temporal bone.

Question 2

Trapezius:

Answer 2

Scapular elevation, retraction, depression. Origin, Occipital bone, C7-T12 vertebrae. Insertion, Clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula.

Question 3

Pectoralis Major:

Answer 3

Shoulder flexion, adduction, internal rotation. Origin, Clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage. Insertion, Intertubercular sulcus of humerus.

Question 4

Pectoralis Minor:

Answer 4

Scapular protraction, depression. Origin, Ribs 3-5. Insertion, Coracoid process of scapula.

Question 5

Latissimus Dorsi:

Answer 5

Shoulder extension, adduction, internal rotation. Origin, T7-L5 vertebrae, iliac crest, sacrum. Insertion, Intertubercular sulcus of humerus.

Question 6

Rhomboid Major:

Answer 6

Scapular retraction, elevation. Origin, T2-T5 vertebrae. Insertion, Medial border of scapula.

Question 7

Rhomboid Minor:

Answer 7

Scapular retraction, elevation. Origin, C7-T1 vertebrae. Insertion, Medial border of scapula.

Question 8

Deltoid:

Answer 8

Shoulder abduction, flexion, extension. Origin, Clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula. Insertion, Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.

Question 9

Teres Major:

Answer 9

Shoulder internal rotation, adduction, extension. Origin, Inferior angle of scapula. Insertion, Intertubercular sulcus of humerus.

Question 10

Biceps Brachii:

Answer 10

Elbow flexion, forearm supination. Origin, Scapula (coracoid process & supraglenoid tubercle). Insertion, Radial tuberosity.

Question 11

Triceps Brachii:

Answer 11

Elbow extension. Origin, Scapula (infraglenoid tubercle), posterior humerus. Insertion, Olecranon process of ulna.

Question 12

Brachialis:

Answer 12

Elbow flexion. Origin, Anterior humerus. Insertion, Coronoid process of ulna.

Question 13

Flexor Carpi Radialis:

Answer 13

Wrist flexion, abduction. Origin, Medial epicondyle of humerus. Insertion, Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals.

Question 14

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris:

Answer 14

Wrist extension, adduction. Origin, Lateral epicondyle of humerus. Insertion, Base of 5th metacarpal.

Question 15

Rectus Abdominis:

Answer 15

Trunk flexion. Origin, Pubic symphysis. Insertion, Xiphoid process, ribs 5-7.

Question 16

External Oblique:

Answer 16

Trunk rotation, lateral flexion. Origin, Ribs 5-12. Insertion, Iliac crest, linea alba.

Question 17

Internal Oblique:

Answer 17

Trunk rotation, lateral flexion. Origin, Iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia. Insertion, Ribs 10-12, linea alba.

Question 18

Gluteus Maximus:

Answer 18

Hip extension, external rotation. Origin, Ilium, sacrum, coccyx. Insertion, Iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur.

Question 19

Gluteus Medius:

Answer 19

Hip abduction, internal rotation. Origin, Ilium. Insertion, Greater trochanter of femur.

Question 20

Gluteus Minimus:

Answer 20

Hip abduction, internal rotation. Origin, Ilium. Insertion, Greater trochanter of femur.

Question 21

Rectus Femoris:

Answer 21

Knee extension, hip flexion. Origin, Anterior inferior iliac spine. Insertion, Patella, tibial tuberosity.

Question 22

Vastus Lateralis:

Answer 22

Knee extension. Origin, Greater trochanter of femur. Insertion, Patella, tibial tuberosity.

Question 23

Vastus Medialis:

Answer 23

Knee extension. Origin, Linea aspera of femur. Insertion, Patella, tibial tuberosity.

Question 24

Vastus Intermedius:

Answer 24

Knee extension. Origin, Anterior femur. Insertion, Patella, tibial tuberosity.

Question 25

Biceps Femoris:

Answer 25

Knee flexion, hip extension. Origin, Ischial tuberosity, linea aspera. Insertion, Head of fibula, lateral tibia.

Question 26

Semitendinosus:

Answer 26

Knee flexion, hip extension. Origin, Ischial tuberosity. Insertion, Medial tibia.

Question 27

Semimembranosus:

Answer 27

Knee flexion, hip extension. Origin, Ischial tuberosity. Insertion, Medial tibial condyle.

Question 28

Gastrocnemius:

Answer 28

Plantar flexion, knee flexion. Origin, Medial & lateral condyles of femur. Insertion, Calcaneus via Achilles tendon.

Question 29

Soleus:

Answer 29

Plantar flexion. Origin, Posterior tibia & fibula. Insertion, Calcaneus via Achilles tendon.

Question 30

Tibialis Anterior:

Answer 30

Dorsiflexion, inversion. Origin, Lateral tibia. Insertion, Base of 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform.

Question 31

Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus:

Answer 31

Eversion, plantar flexion. Origin, Fibula. Insertion, Base of 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform.

Question 32

The body has 11 major muscle groups, which are commonly used in fitness, rehabilitation, and anatomy studies:

Answer 32

• Chest (Pectorals) – e.g., Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor
• Back – e.g., Latissimus Dorsi, Trapezius, Rhomboids
• Shoulders (Deltoids) – e.g., Anterior, Lateral, and Posterior Deltoid
• Arms (Biceps & Triceps) – e.g., Biceps Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Brachialis
• Forearms – e.g., Flexor and Extensor Carpi groups
• Abdominals & Core – e.g., Rectus Abdominis, Obliques, Transverse Abdominis
• Glutes – e.g., Gluteus Maximus, Medius, Minimus
• Quadriceps (Front Thigh) – e.g., Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Medialis, Intermedius
• Hamstrings (Back Thigh) – e.g., Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus
• Calves – e.g., Gastrocnemius, Soleus
• Hip Flexors – e.g., Iliopsoas, Sartorius