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Earth & Life > Origin of the Solar System > Flashcards

Origin of the Solar System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the SOLAR NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS?

A
  • Our solar system came from a rotating cloud of gas
  • It contracted, and flattened into a thin disk of gas and dust
  • Disk clears, a sun and orbiting planets emerge
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2
Q

What implies ongoing planet formation?

A

dust disks around T Tauri stars

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3
Q

What are T TAURI STARS?

A

very young stars like our Sun

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4
Q

Through what can we photograph dust disks?

A

Hubble Space Telescope

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5
Q

What are all our planets in?

A

elliptical orbits around the Sun

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6
Q

What is a REVOLUTION?

A

how planets orbit the Sun

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7
Q

What is a ROTATION?

A

how planets turn on their axes

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8
Q

What are the senses of revolution and rotation for most of our planets?

A

counter-clockwise

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9
Q

What are the planets that rotate clockwise?

A

Venus and Uranus

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10
Q

What’s the usual inclination of orbits?

A

3.4 degrees

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11
Q

Which planet has an orbit inclined 7 degrees?

A

Mercury

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12
Q

What is the order of the planets?

A

mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus. neptune

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13
Q

What are the two types of planets?

A

terrestrial, jovian

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14
Q

What are the terrestrial planets?

A

mercury, venus, earth, mars

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15
Q

What are the jovian planets?

A

jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune

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16
Q

What makes a planet TERRESTRIAL?

A

earth-like, solid and rocky surfaces, close to Sun, short revolution

17
Q

What makes a planet JOVIAN?

A

gas giants, far from Sun, long revolution

18
Q

What are the different types of SPACE DEBRIS?

A

asteroids, comets, meteoroids

19
Q

What are ASTEROIDS?

A

Large chunks of metal/rock, minor planets

20
Q

What are COMETS?

A

icy nucleus, highly elliptical orbits

21
Q

What causes the streaks of light behind comets?

A

icy nucleus melts and evaporates into space by solar wind pressure

22
Q

What are METEOROIDS?

A

dust grains of ice, metals, or rocks floating through space

23
Q

What are METEORS?

A

meteoroids that have entered the atmosphere

24
Q

What are METEORITES?

A

surviving chunks of meteor on Earth’s surface

25
Q

What are PLANETESIMALS?

A

grains of solid matter clumped together

26
Q

How do planetesimals grow?

A

gradual condensation and accretion

27
Q

What could’ve helped the growth of planetesimals into PROTOPLANETS?

A

gravitational instabilities

28
Q

What is the order of planet growth?

A

planetesimals, protoplanets, planets

29
Q

Describe the JOVIAN PROBLEM.

A
  1. Jovian planets outside our solar system are common

2. Protoplanetary disks are evaporated quickly by the radiation of nearby stars

30
Q

What is the solution to the Jovian problem?

A

simulations prove that Jovian planets can form through direct gas accretion, without rocky planetesimals

Earth & Life (8 decks)

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