Rocks Flashcards
What are most rocks made out of?
aggregates of various minerals
What are MINERALS?
crystalline, inorganic, building blocks of rocks
What are examples of rocks? (1/2)
- granite
- pegmatite
- rhyolite
- obsidian
- syenite
- trachyte
What are examples of rocks? (2/2)
- diorite
- andesite
- tuff
- gabbro
- basalt
- dunite
What are examples of minerals? (1/2)
- talc
- gypsum
- calcite
- fluorite
- apatite
What are examples of minerals? (2/2)
- feldspar
- quartz
- topaz
- corundum
- diamond
What are the DISTINCT and RECOGNIZABLE CHARACTERISTICS of minerals in rocks?
- hardness
- color
- luster
- tendency to fracture
- shape of crystal
What is LUSTER?
how the surface of a mineral reflects light
What are the different types of rocks?
- igneous
- sedimentary
- metamorphic
Where do IGNEOUS rocks come from?
molten rock material that underwent crystallization
What are the 2 major categories of igneous rock?
- extrusive
- intrusive
What is EXTRUSIVE rock?
- volcanic rock
- made from lava solidifying above Earth’s surface
What is INTRUSIVE rock?
- plutonic rock
- made from magma freezing beneath Earth’s surface
How are SEDIMENTARY ROCKS formed?
formed through transportation, deposition, and solidification of sediments
How are sediments transported?
- water
- ice
- wind
What are examples of igneous rocks?
- andesite
- basalt
- diorite
- gabbro
What are examples of sedimentary rocks?
- conglometrate
- sandstone
- shale
- limestone
- gypsum
- fossilferous marl
Where do METAMORPHIC rocks come from?
sedimentary/igneous rocks being subjected to immense heat and pressure
What is CRYSALLIZATION?
cooling and solidification
What is DEPOSITION?
gathering of substances in one place
What’s another way to call the process in which sedimentary rocks are formed?
lithification
What’s the process in which rocks become metamorphic?
metamorphism
How do metamorphic rocks become magma?
melting
