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GED- Evolution > Origin Of Species > Flashcards

Origin Of Species Flashcards

1
Q

What does NASA define as a system that shows Darwinian evolution?

A

Any system that shows Darwinian evolution.

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2
Q

What does MRSGREN stand for?

A
  • Movement
  • Respiration
  • Sensitivity
  • Growth
  • Reproduction
  • Excretion
  • Nutrition
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3
Q

What is the earliest evidence of life on Earth?

A

3.8 billion years ago.

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4
Q

What is LUCA?

A

Last Universal Common Ancestor.

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5
Q

What was likely the first type of life to utilize RNA?

A

Earliest life probably used RNA as enzymes.

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6
Q

What role did alkaline hydrothermal vents play in the origin of life?

A

They may have provided energy to fuel the first replicating molecules.

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7
Q

What is a protobiont?

A

Lipid structures that can reproduce and metabolize.

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8
Q

What paradox questions the existence of extraterrestrial life?

A

The Fermi paradox.

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9
Q

True or False: Eukaryotes are far outnumbered by prokaryotes.

A

True.

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10
Q

What key event allowed for the emergence of eukaryotic life?

A

Eukaryogenesis, which likely involved an archaebacterium engulfing a heterotrophic eubacterium.

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11
Q

What are some features unique to eukaryotes?

A
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplasts
  • Golgi bodies
  • Meiosis
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12
Q

What significant event occurred during the Cambrian Explosion?

A

Most of the major types of animals we see today first appeared.

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13
Q

What geological time frame did the Cambrian Explosion occur?

A

540-515 million years ago.

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14
Q

What are some potential causes of the Cambrian Explosion?

A
  • Physiological changes
  • Geographical changes
  • Geochemical changes
  • Biological changes
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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The first prokaryotes were __________.

A

methane-producing bacteria.

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16
Q

What is the significance of the Great Oxidation Event?

A

It marks the increase of oxygen levels in Earth’s atmosphere due to cyanobacteria.

17
Q

What type of life forms are included in the Ediacaran biota?

A
  • Spriggina
  • Dickinsonia
  • Erniettomorphs
  • Rangeomorphs
18
Q

What is the age of the Universe?

A

14 billion years old.

19
Q

What is the age of Earth?

A

4.5 billion years old.

20
Q

What is the significance of the Burgess Shale?

A

It provides fossil evidence of soft-bodied organisms from the Cambrian period.

21
Q

What is a key characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

A

They have membrane-bound organelles.

22
Q

What is the probability of eukaryogenesis considered to be?

A

It is thought to have happened only once in 3.6 billion years.

23
Q

What are some recommended materials for further learning?

A
  • ‘Energy at life’s origin’
  • Article on RNA world
  • ‘The causes of the Cambrian Explosion’
24
Q

What is a suggested online course related to extraterrestrial life?

A

University College’s online course ‘Are we Alone?’

GED- Evolution (6 decks)

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