Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GED- Evolution > Evidence For Evolution > Flashcards

Evidence For Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

What does evolution refer to in biological terms?

A

Genetic change over time (change in allele frequencies) in a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three conditions for evolution by natural selection?

A
  • Heritable characters
  • Characters vary between individuals
  • Differential fitness (survival, reproduction) between individuals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True or False: All evolution is caused by natural selection.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is ‘speciation’?

A

The process by which species divide and change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of evidence supports the theory of evolution?

A
  • Fossils
  • Imperfection in development
  • Biogeography
  • Molecular genetics
  • Natural selection in action
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who proposed the idea that species vary over time?

A

Comte de Buffon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What concept did Jean-Baptiste Lamarck contribute to evolution?

A

Evolution by acquired characters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the significance of the fossil record in understanding evolution?

A

Fossils show evolutionary change and evidence of extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does ‘bad design’ in evolution refer to?

A

Features that appear imperfect or suboptimal due to evolutionary processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve an example of?

A

A vestige from our reptilian past and an example of bad design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Tiktaalik roseae known for?

A

Being a missing link that shows the transition from fish to tetrapods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fill in the blank: Natural selection _______ but does not _______.

A

tinkers; design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of natural selection in evolution?

A

Natural selection is the only consistent force leading to adaptations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which medical conditions can be explained by evolution?

A
  • COVID-19
  • Antibiotic resistance
  • Cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the evolutionary significance of trilobites?

A

They provide evidence of evolutionary change over time and extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does ‘molecular genetics’ contribute to the evidence for evolution?

A

It shows genetic similarities and differences that reflect evolutionary relationships

17
Q

What are the geological periods related to?

A

Mass extinctions related to climate change

18
Q

Who is noted for the evolution of whales?

A

The transition from Pakicetus to modern whales illustrates evolutionary change

19
Q

What does the term ‘differential fitness’ mean?

A

The variation in survival and reproduction rates among individuals

20
Q

Name one example of ‘bad design’ in anatomy.

A

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve’s long pathway

21
Q

What are the main types of evidence for evolution?

A
  • Fossils
  • Imperfection (development, bad ‘design’)
  • Biogeography
  • Natural selection in action
  • Molecular genetics
22
Q

What is biogeography?

A

The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.

23
Q

What is a significant observation about native species on oceanic islands?

A
  • Often have specific adaptations
  • Similar to species on the nearest land-mass
24
Q

How did marsupials arrive in Australia?

A

Marsupials arose in the Americas 80 million years ago and arrived in Australia 30 million years ago.

25
Q

What is convergent evolution?

A

Distantly related species show similar adaptations due to similar selection pressures, despite different underlying genetic factors.

26
Q

What is ‘carcinisation’?

A

The process where non-crab-like decapod crustaceans evolve a crab shape.

27
Q

What impact did human activity have on island biogeography?

A

Modern island biogeography is increasingly affected by human intervention.

28
Q

What phenomenon was observed in lizards after Hurricane Irma?

A

Average lizard had bigger toe pads, longer arms, and shorter hind legs.

29
Q

True or False: Natural selection always leads to evolution.

A

False

30
Q

What is the role of DNA in evolution?

A

DNA is the sole and universal carrier of the genetic code, showing existence of a common ancestor.

31
Q

What does the molecular clock measure?

A

It correlates coding differences in proteins with divergence derived from fossil data.

32
Q

What percentage of olfactory receptor genes are pseudogenes in cetaceans?

A

68%

33
Q

What is lactase persistence?

A

The continued production of lactase in humans, allowing for milk digestion.

34
Q

What does neutral theory explain?

A

It explains that many mutations in non-coding regions evolve randomly and are selectively neutral.

35
Q

Fill in the blank: The genetic code is _______.

A

redundant

36
Q

What is a common misconception about mutations?

A

Not all mutations are selected; some are neutral and do not change the amino acid.

37
Q

What is the significance of non-coding regions in genetics?

A

They provide the best molecular clocks for studying evolution.

38
Q

What are some resources recommended for further learning on evolution?

A
  • Population Genetics: A Concise Guide by Gillespie
  • Videos on peppered moth and lizards in a hurricane
  • Article on milk consumption

GED- Evolution (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions