Origin of behavioural neuroscience Flashcards

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1
Q

what is behavioural neuroscience

A

a combination of psychology and physiology

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2
Q

example of reductionism and generalisation

A
  • Complex behavioural system (complex anatomy). Extract one process within this and deduce a principle from it (reductionism). Generalise this process to understand a larger topic
  • E.g. Pavlov, drooling lead to generalisation of associative learning
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3
Q

who produced the first reductionist accoutn of movement

A

descartes

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4
Q

what inspired descartes

A

pressure in a fountain

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5
Q

what was Descartes balloonist theory of control

A

• He came up with the balloonist theory of control
o Example he gave was withdrawal heat reflex
o Pipes in body transmit fluid (which expands) which causes pressure. This goes into the brain. The brain channels this pressure to the correct location
 Essentially same as what was happening in the fountain

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6
Q

what did Galvani find

A

Galvani found that if electricity made contact with a part of the leg, the leg would twitch

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7
Q

what is electrochemistry

A

No detectable heat. Got electricity without heat. This is the theory of action potential

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8
Q

what did Golgi do

A

Golgi came up with neuronal staining. He took chemistry processes and applied this to brain tissue. Found dye stuck to brain cells. This made it easier to discriminate parts of it.
With staining and microscope, can now see individual cells. Saw a repeated pattern of an organised structure.
`

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9
Q

what did muller argue

A

Muller argued that if you have different currents being carried by same cells (e.g. visual and auditory being carried by the same processes), different parts of the brain are using the same fundamental mechanisms but are working for both

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10
Q

what is synesthesia

A

People are cross-taught against senses. E.g. could see something they should hear

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11
Q

what did Flourens do

A

Flourens was the first person to slice and adapt a rat brain.

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12
Q

what did Flourens find

A

Gross functionality. If you cut the forebrain (equiv of frontal lobe), saw a lack of purposeful movements. If you cut the cerebellum, the rats lose balance and smoothness of movements.

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13
Q

what did Broca do

A

Broca had a diagnostic characteristic of individuals with different neurological disorders. When they died, he harvested their brains and saw where damage was. He then did a correlation.

He found association between Broca’s area in frontal lobe and impairment in ability to produce speech- comprehension was ok but couldn’t produce things well

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14
Q

what is Somatotopic organisation

A

organization of the motor area of the brain, specific regions of the cortex being responsible for the motor control of different areas of the body

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15
Q

what is alien hand sydrome

A

Characterized by a limb that seems to perform meaningful acts without being guided by the intention of the patient

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16
Q

what did Kurt Goldstein do

A

“Kurt Goldstein described the case of a 57-year-old woman who suffered a stroke and thereafter perceived her left hand as having a will of its own. On one occasion, the hand grabbed her by the throat and choked her, requiring great effort to pull it off… Upon the woman’s death, Goldstein (1908) examined her brain and found lesions in the right hemisphere and in the corpus callosum, the large fibre bundle connecting the right and left hemispheres”.

17
Q

when does alien hand syndrome occur

A

Often due to damage to the anterior (front) corpus callosum.

If you have a stroke, pressure and inflammation where blood is and lack of blood to rest of the brain. This can result in specific damage. The arterial systems overlap aso many arteries could be affected.

18
Q

what is involved in parkinsons disease

A

striatum

19
Q

what is the thalamus

A

junction box of the spine. It projects info out into the cortex

20
Q

where is the basal ganglia

A

Between the striatum and thalamus

21
Q

which hand is mroe common for alien hand

A

neither, chances are equal

22
Q

how does alien hand happen

A

Essential argument: the corpus callosom is damaged. Failing to get connection between hemispheres. Motor pathway is intact. Disconnect the hemispheres but motor is intact. Right motor cortex can perceive and grab things, this information is not being channelled to the other side because of the damaged CC. therefore the conscious part of the other side is not receiving the necessary information. Therefore, the brain creates the movements but is not consciously aware.

23
Q

As alien syndrome happens on either side, this suggests that ….

A

As alien syndrome happens on either side, this suggests that consciousness is not lateralised and can happen on either side of the brain.