Origin and Formation of Elements Flashcards
NOT a theory but is a description or MODEL of the early universe
BigBang Theory
A Belgian Astrophysicist and Priest that was the first to propose to describe the early universe emerged from a state of enormous and energy.
Georges Lemaitre
British Astronomer, coined the “big bang” in response to Einstein’s work
Fred Hoyle (1949)
An Astronomer that used a telescope to prove nebulae were actually distant galaxies. (HUBBLE’S LAW)
Edwin Hubble (1929)
Name the three (3) scientists that discovered the CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS
George Gamow, Ralph Alpher, Hans Bethe
Physicist that proposed the RAPID COOLING OF THE HOT UNIVERSE led to the creation of LIGHT ELEMENTS
George Gamow
What were the light elements from Gamow’s theory?
Deuterium, Helium, and Lithium
Proposed that the expansion of the universe would produce ELEMENTARY PARTICLES needed to make hydrogen and helium. Expanded the idea in the ALPHA-BETA-GAMMA PAPER.
Ralph Alpher
Researched on NUCLEAR REACTIONS in stars and explained the FORMATION OF HEAVY ELEMENTS in Big Bang.
Hans Bethe
What is the Process of Bigbang Theory?
Big Bang > Cooling > Nucleosynthesis
It is the Afterglow Radiation after the cooling process
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
Process of Creating Elements
Nucleosynthesis
What are the three (3) classifications of elements?
Light, Heavy, and Heavier than Iron (Fe)
Elements that cannot be felt. From Hydrogen to Beryllium.
Light Elements
Elements that can be felt. Initiated via “CLUMPING OF MATTER”.
Heavy Elements
Elements with an Atomic Number bigger than Iron (Fe), also known as the fuel sources of stars
Heavier Elements
A REACTION CHAIN that takes place due to HIGH temperature.
“clumping of matter” (also known as Nuclear Fusion)
What are the two (2) types of Reactions?
Exothermic and Endothermic
Release of energy in the form of heat or light.
Exothermic
Absorption of Energy or Heat
Endothermic
Reaction where Light Nuclei combine to form Heavier Nuclei
Nuclear Fusion
Atoms with same number of neutrons but different number of electrons
Isotopes
Isotope of Hydrogen
Deuterium
Nucleus of a Deuterium, consists of a proton and neutron.
Deuteron
Nucleus of Heaviest Hydrogen Isotope (tritium), consists of a proton and two neutron
Triton
What are the Evidences of Big Bang?
Hubble’s Law (Cosmic Expansion) and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
Theory that states galaxies are moving away from each other. Proved the universe was EXPANDING.
Hubble’s Law or Cosmic Expansion
Key Process in forming elements heavier than iron (Fe)?
Neutron Capture
How are elements heavier than Iron (Fe) formed?
Supernova Explosions and Neutron Star Mergers
Life Cycle of the Star (High-Mass Stars)
Nebula
Main Sequence
Red Supergiant
Supernova
Neutron Star (High- Mass Stars) or Black Hole (Very High-Mass Stars)
Elements in a Nebula
Hydrogen and Helium
Elements in a Main Sequence
Light Elements
Elements in a Red Supergiant
Light and Heavy Elements
Elements in a Supernova
Heavy and Heavier Elements
Elements in a Neutron Star
Only or Mostly Heavier Elements
Elements in a Black Hole
None
What do you call the process of Big Bang?
Nucleosynthesis Primordial or Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
How did Nucleosynthesis Primordial begin?
Fusion of Protons and Neutrons
What did Nuclear Fusions form?
Deuterium, Helium, Lithium, and Beryllium
In “clumping of matter”, which elements change?
Hydrogen and Helium > Carbon and Oxygen
