Orientation MNT Study Guide Flashcards
Hypertention
Elevated BP– DASH
Hypercholesterolemia
High amounts of cholesterol in blood– TLC
Gastric Ulcer
Low acidic diet with antacid;
Avoid pepper, chocolate, dairy type foods, spicy, and high in fat
Don’t drink alcohol and smoking
Diverticulitis
An inflammation or infection of one or more small pouches in the digestive tract -
– clear liquid and bland diet with little fiber, can increase in fiber if there are improvements; include antibiotics.
Crohn’s disease
Chronic inflammation disease of the digestive tract
–Avoid eating “trigger” foods; consume a high calorie and protein diet.
Constipation
Difficulty emptying the bowel
– high fiber diet which will increase the weight of your stool and speed up the passage through your intestine
Lactose intolerance
Inability to digestive lactose
– Lactose free diet; avoid consuming milk and other dairy containing products
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Inadequate blood flow or the lack of oxygen damages the heart muscle (Heart attack)
– “Heart healthy” diet such as DASH and the Mediterranean diet
High triglycerides
Elevated LDL
- Low saturated fat diet such as DASH, TLC, and Med diet.
- Limit foods high in sugar to avoid converting excess CHO into TGL
Congestive Heart Failure
When the heart does not pump efficiently and does not deliver enough oxygen to the body
– low sodium diet
Renal insufficiency
Kidney lose the ability to remove waste and balance fluids (kidney failure)
- limit fluids to output + 500mL
- low protein based on nutritional status
- limit sodium, potassium, and phosphorus
ESRD-on hemodialysis
End Stage Renal Disease: hemodialysis–a machine filters out wastes, fluids, and salts from your blood
- high protein
- controlled intakes of sodium, phosphorus, and potassium
- increase sugar to meet daily calorie intake
Liver failure
Can cause PEM–> Protein-Energy Malnutrition:
- High energy diet with amounts of CHO and Protein being similar
- Increased amounts of Fat to prevent protein breakdown that can cause toxins.
Pancreatitis
Occur when the digestive enzymes are activated before they are released into the small intestine and begin attacking the pancreas
- -Small meals, low fat
- -EN/PN; IV fluid and pain medication
NIDDM-elderly
Non-insulin dependent DM
- CHO counting focusing on TOTAL CHO intake
- -meet nutritional needs
- -reducing energy and fat
- -Diabetes self-management education and healthy food choices
IDDM-child
Insulin-dependent DM
- -Diabetes exchange list with insulin therapy such as the pump
- -CHO counting
A Fib–on Coumadin
Atrial Fibrillation on Warfarin (anticoagulant) –irregular, rapid heart beat that can cause poor blood flow
–the goal is to manage symptoms of fluid retention, shortness of breath, and fatigue
- -normal diet with consistent vitamin K
- -restrict fluid prn
- -individualized sodium intake to less than 2g/day
Cholecysititis
Inflammation of the gallbladder– Low FAT diet
20% below IBW
Underweight
- After identifying the cause, create an individualized diet to prevent further weight loss or reverse it (general, healthful diet, etc.)
- treat underlying cause
20% above IBW
Obese
- Low energy diet (-500 kcal/d for a one pound weight loss per week)
- incorporates DASH or TLC to prevent/management additional health complications
100# above IBW
Morbidly obese
-Low energy diet that incorporates DASH or TLC to prevent/management additional health complications
Stage 4 decubitus ulcer
Pressure ulcer
- Based on nutritional screening: treat deficiencies
- increase fluid intake
- INCREASE PROTEIN
- Provide an oral nutritional supplement if needed
Dysphagia
Swallowing difficulties–Texture-specific diet; NDD (National Dysphagia Diet)
ASCVD
Arteriosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease–
Based on the Cardiovascular Risk Calculator
-TLC diet or Mediterranean style diet with statin therapy; emphasize on benefits of fish oil
