Orientation MNT Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertention

A

Elevated BP– DASH

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2
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

High amounts of cholesterol in blood– TLC

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3
Q

Gastric Ulcer

A

Low acidic diet with antacid;
Avoid pepper, chocolate, dairy type foods, spicy, and high in fat
Don’t drink alcohol and smoking

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4
Q

Diverticulitis

A

An inflammation or infection of one or more small pouches in the digestive tract -

– clear liquid and bland diet with little fiber, can increase in fiber if there are improvements; include antibiotics.

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5
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Chronic inflammation disease of the digestive tract

–Avoid eating “trigger” foods; consume a high calorie and protein diet.

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6
Q

Constipation

A

Difficulty emptying the bowel

– high fiber diet which will increase the weight of your stool and speed up the passage through your intestine

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7
Q

Lactose intolerance

A

Inability to digestive lactose

– Lactose free diet; avoid consuming milk and other dairy containing products

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8
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A

Inadequate blood flow or the lack of oxygen damages the heart muscle (Heart attack)

– “Heart healthy” diet such as DASH and the Mediterranean diet

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9
Q

High triglycerides

A

Elevated LDL

  • Low saturated fat diet such as DASH, TLC, and Med diet.
  • Limit foods high in sugar to avoid converting excess CHO into TGL
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10
Q

Congestive Heart Failure

A

When the heart does not pump efficiently and does not deliver enough oxygen to the body

– low sodium diet

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11
Q

Renal insufficiency

A

Kidney lose the ability to remove waste and balance fluids (kidney failure)

  • limit fluids to output + 500mL
  • low protein based on nutritional status
  • limit sodium, potassium, and phosphorus
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12
Q

ESRD-on hemodialysis

A

End Stage Renal Disease: hemodialysis–a machine filters out wastes, fluids, and salts from your blood

  • high protein
  • controlled intakes of sodium, phosphorus, and potassium
  • increase sugar to meet daily calorie intake
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13
Q

Liver failure

A

Can cause PEM–> Protein-Energy Malnutrition:

  • High energy diet with amounts of CHO and Protein being similar
  • Increased amounts of Fat to prevent protein breakdown that can cause toxins.
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14
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Occur when the digestive enzymes are activated before they are released into the small intestine and begin attacking the pancreas

  • -Small meals, low fat
  • -EN/PN; IV fluid and pain medication
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15
Q

NIDDM-elderly

A

Non-insulin dependent DM

    • CHO counting focusing on TOTAL CHO intake
  • -meet nutritional needs
  • -reducing energy and fat
  • -Diabetes self-management education and healthy food choices
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16
Q

IDDM-child

A

Insulin-dependent DM

  • -Diabetes exchange list with insulin therapy such as the pump
  • -CHO counting
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17
Q

A Fib–on Coumadin

A

Atrial Fibrillation on Warfarin (anticoagulant) –irregular, rapid heart beat that can cause poor blood flow

–the goal is to manage symptoms of fluid retention, shortness of breath, and fatigue

  • -normal diet with consistent vitamin K
  • -restrict fluid prn
  • -individualized sodium intake to less than 2g/day
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18
Q

Cholecysititis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder– Low FAT diet

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19
Q

20% below IBW

A

Underweight

  • After identifying the cause, create an individualized diet to prevent further weight loss or reverse it (general, healthful diet, etc.)
  • treat underlying cause
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20
Q

20% above IBW

A

Obese

  • Low energy diet (-500 kcal/d for a one pound weight loss per week)
  • incorporates DASH or TLC to prevent/management additional health complications
21
Q

100# above IBW

A

Morbidly obese

-Low energy diet that incorporates DASH or TLC to prevent/management additional health complications

22
Q

Stage 4 decubitus ulcer

A

Pressure ulcer

  • Based on nutritional screening: treat deficiencies
  • increase fluid intake
  • INCREASE PROTEIN
  • Provide an oral nutritional supplement if needed
23
Q

Dysphagia

A

Swallowing difficulties–Texture-specific diet; NDD (National Dysphagia Diet)

24
Q

ASCVD

A

Arteriosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease–

Based on the Cardiovascular Risk Calculator
-TLC diet or Mediterranean style diet with statin therapy; emphasize on benefits of fish oil

25
Q

GERD

A

Gastroesphoageal Reflux Disease–gastric fluid or bile irritate the esophagus

  • -small meals
  • -Avoid foods that can make GERD symptoms worse, such as high acidic and spicy foods; can incorporate antacids
26
Q

Acute Renal Failure

A

Limit fluids, protein, sodium, and potassium; increase CHO

27
Q

Milk

A

Calories: 100-160
CHO:12
Pro:8
Fat:0-8

28
Q

bread/starch

A

Calories: 80
CHO:15
Pro:3
Fat:1

29
Q

Meat-low fat

A

Calories: 45
CHO:0
Pro:7
Fat:0-3

30
Q

Meat-med fat

A

Calories: 75
CHO:0
Pro:7
Fat:4-7

31
Q

Meat-high fat

A

Calories: 100
CHO:0
Pro:7
Fat:8+

32
Q

Fruit

A

Calories: 60
CHO:15
Pro:0
Fat:0

33
Q

Vegetables

A

Calories: 25
CHO:5
Pro:2
Fat:0

34
Q

Fat

A

Calories: 45
CHO:0
Pro:0
Fat:5

35
Q

DM exchange: milk

A

1 cup

36
Q

DM exchange egg

A

1 egg

37
Q

DM exchange chicken

A

1 oz

38
Q

DM exchange toast

A

1 slice

39
Q

DM exchange orange juice

A

1/2 cup

40
Q

DM exchange bagel

A

1/4 (1 oz)

41
Q

DM exchange french bread

A

1 slice (1 oz)

42
Q

DM exchange cereal

A

1/2 cup

43
Q

DM exchange ribs

A

1 oz

44
Q

DM exchange red beans

A

1/2 cup

45
Q

DM exchange mayonnaise

A

1 tsp (regular)

46
Q

DM exchange lettuce

A

free food

47
Q

S.O.A.P

A

Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan

48
Q

ADIME

A
Assessment
Diagnosis
Intervention
Monitoring
Evaluation