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CHEMISTRY > ORGCHEM > Flashcards

ORGCHEM Flashcards

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1
Q

TYPES OF STRUCTULAR FORMULA

A

Expanded/Lewis/Kekule/Line-bond
Condensed
Skeletal

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2
Q

CONDITIONS FOR BONDING

A
  • Two electrons are needed to make a bond b/w 2 atoms

- Each atoms must have unpaired orbital

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3
Q

HEADWAYS OVERLAP

A

Sigma

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4
Q

How many bonds does sp3 hybridization form and what angle?

A

FOUR SIGMA BONDS
109.5 tetrahedral
3D

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5
Q

FACTORS THAT AFFECT IMF

A
  • Dipoles (incr. polarity)
  • Water solubility
  • Contact area/surface area
  • Bp, melting pt.,density
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6
Q

ORGANIC RXNS

A
  • Synthesis / addition
  • Decomposition / elimination
  • Double displacement / substitution
  • Rearrangement - interchange of ions
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7
Q

TWO TYPES OF CLEAVAGE

A

Homolytic

Heterolytic

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8
Q

Also known as paraffins therefore SATURATED

A

Alkanes

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9
Q

STEPS IN FREE RADICAL SUBSTITUTION

A
  • Initiation
  • Propagation
  • Termination
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10
Q

Also known as olefins therefore UNSATURATED

A

Alkenes

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11
Q

Requires org solvent like CCl4 or DCM

A

HALOGENATION

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12
Q

Requires catalyst like Pd or PtO2

A

HYDROGENATION

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13
Q

Usually done w/ ether solvent

A

HYDROHALOGENATION

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14
Q

Always ACID-CATALYZED; using HgOAc/NaBH4

A

HYDRATION

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15
Q

Rule in adding HX to an asymmetric alkene, the major product has the H added to the less stable vinyl carbon

A

MARKONIKOV’S RULE

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16
Q

HALOHYDRIN

A

Halogen + H2O

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17
Q

KMnO4 and BASE

A

MILD OXIDATION

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18
Q

Usually followed by HYDRATION; RCOOOR, RCOOH

A

EPOXIDATION

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19
Q

Also known as acetylenes

A

Alkynes

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20
Q

Disturbance or deviation from the ideal bond angles

A

STRAINS

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21
Q

Strain/instability when 2 grps are so close to one another

A

STERIC STRAIN/HINDRANCE

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22
Q

Where some e- are not just in a single place; continous moving

A

DELOCALIZATIONS

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23
Q

Action done by the overall push or pull of e-

A

INDUCTIVE EFFECT

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24
Q

2 or more cmpds that have the same mol. formula; diff structures

A

ISOMERS

25
Q

Isomers with diff. connectivityq

A

CONSTITUTIONAL ISOMERS

26
Q

Isomers diff. in functional grps

A

FUNCTIONAL

27
Q

Isomers diff. only at the position/locant

A

POSITIONAL

28
Q

ISOMERS THAT HAVE THE SAME CONNECTIVITY

A

Sterioisomer

29
Q

2 TYPES OF STERIOISOMERS

A
  • Conformational

- Configurational

30
Q

2 bonds overlapping one another; there’s a strain that want to separate them

A

TORSIONAL STRAIN

31
Q

Aka CIS TRANS ISOMERS

A

GEOMETRIC ISOMERS

32
Q

For prioritization in E/Z and optical isomers

A

CAHN INGOLD PRELOG RULES

33
Q

Must have a chiral carbon/stereogenic center
Asymmetric
Sp3 carbon

A

OPTICAL ISOMERS

34
Q

Mirror images (all chiral C are inverted) S to R; R to S

A

ENANTIOMERS

35
Q

Combination of two enantiomers

A

RACEMIC MIXTURE

36
Q

No real mirror images (only some chiral carbons are inverted)

A

DIASTEREOMERS

37
Q

Have 2 chiral carbons that are mirrors of each other

A

MESO COMPOUNDS

38
Q

For a cmpd to be aromatic it must be:

A

Cyclic cmpd
PLANAR
sp2 hybridized

39
Q

States that in order for a cmpd to be aromatic it must have a 4n + 2 pi e-

A

HUCKEL’S RULE

40
Q

Orig antiseptic by Lister

A

PHENOL

41
Q

Disinfectant Ex.Lysol; saponated form of cresol

A

CRESOL

42
Q

Well known astringent found in toners; closes pores temporarily

A

HYDROQUINONE

43
Q

Analgesics/pain killers

A

Salicylic acid & aspirin

44
Q

Precursor molecule that leads to salicylic acid

A

ASPIRIN

45
Q

PARABENS

Widely used as preservatives

A

BENZOIC ACID

46
Q

Polyphenolic subs; powerful antioxidant effecrs

A

FLAVONOIDS

47
Q

Major class of glycosides;cathartic

A

ANTHRAQUINONES

48
Q

Rule that sates, in an elimination rxn the most substituted product will be the most stable therefore most favored

A

ZAITSEV’S RULE

49
Q

Chloral hydrate use

A

SEDATIVE

50
Q

Inhale gen anesthetics

A

HALOTHANE
ENFLURANE
DUSFLURANE
ISOFLURANE

51
Q

Constituents of all recreational drinks

A

ETHANOL

52
Q

Rubbing alcohol

A

Isopropyl alcohol

53
Q

Poison converted to oxalic acid w/c leads to kidney failure; antifreeze

A

Ethylene glycol

54
Q

Used to determine partition coefficient

A

Octanol

55
Q

Anticancer drug; antimetabolite

A

Mercaptopurine

56
Q

Anti-thyroid drugs for hyperthyroidism

A

Propylthiouracil

57
Q

Mucolytic; Ax to paracetamol poisoning

A

N-acetylcysteine

58
Q

Oil of bitter almonds

A

BENZALDEHYDE

59
Q

Ant bite pain

A

FORMIC ACID

CHEMISTRY (5 decks)

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